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Analysis of the Selection of Transportation Modes for College Trips Ajie Setiawan1.
Firga Ariani2.
Agus Budi Purwantoro3 Politeknik Keselamatan Transportasi Jalan.
Indonesia Email: ajie.
setiawan@pktj.
id, ariani.
frg@gmail.
com, agusbp@pktj.
*Correspondence ABSTRACT Keywords:
Mode of The congestion conditions that occur on the UMY campus land Transportation.
College and the route to the campus that has high density and congestion Commuting.
Students in the morning and evening, encourage the need for a study related to the reasons why students choose the mode of transportation used and the form of travel patterns that are carried out every day.
The purpose of this study is to describe the demographic characteristics and characteristics of students' trips to college.
The research method used was quantitative, with a cross-sectional design and purposive sampling techniques, and involved S1 and S2 students from the Faculty of Engineering.
Data was collected through questionnaires, observations, and secondary sources, then analyzed using statistics.
Based on the research results, most UMY students are 19-23 years old, male, earn above UMP, and have a Class C driver's license.
Private cars are used stably over short-to-medium distances and dominate the high-cost category.
Trans Jogja buses are popular for medium distances .
-14 k.
among students on a budget.
Online transportation is chosen for short-to-medium trips with higher costs.
This study concludes that students prioritize flexibility, travel time efficiency, and affordability when selecting transportation modes.
The policy implications show the need to improve public transportation access, provide campus shuttle services, and parking solutions to optimize student mobility and reduce congestion.
Further research is suggested to explore policy frameworks for sustainable transportation in the campus environment.
Introduction The Special Region of Yogyakarta is one of the provinces with high community activity and mobility (Purnomo, 2.
(Rahajeng et al.
, 2.
DIY can be known as a student area that is synonymous with educational institutes and campuses.
The density of activities carried out by the community illustrates the need to develop transportation and select the proper mode of transportation (Vuchic, 2.
Reporting from the Kompas.
page regarding the increase in citizen mobility accessed on March 28, 2024, it shows that mobility to work and school is observed to increase by 11.
57%, while mobility in public transportation centers increased by 8.
86%, and mobility in retail and recreation increased Indonesian Journal of Social Technology.
Vol.
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February 2025 Ajie Setiawan.
Firga Ariani.
Agus Budi Purwantoro The increase in the percentage means that transportation is an essential tool to support community activities, so the choice of transportation mode will arise due to the need for movement and the fulfillment of community needs.
Yogyakarta has a variety of provincial roads in each district (Chotib & Huda, 2.
Yogyakarta City with a section of 233.
23 km.
Kulon Progo with a section of 1309 km.
Gunung Kidul with a section of 1136.
66 km.
Bantul with an area of 624.
46 km and Sleman with a section of 699.
5 km (DIY Transportation Agency, 2.
This data shows that Bantul Regency is one of the districts with a relatively minor road section compared to other districts in Yogyakarta.
This fact is not in line with the dense activity of universities in Bantul Regency.
One of the causes of the dense activity of universities in Bantul Regency is the large number of universities in the district, both national and The following is a picture related to the data on the number of universities in Bantul Regency compared to other districts in Yogyakarta Province.
Data from BPS Yogyakarta .
shows that Bantul Regency has 25 public and private universities, which will increase transportation mode selection activities.
University of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, one of the largest higher education institutions in Bantul Regency, is the choice for prospective students who want to continue their studies in the Province of Yogyakarta.
The growth in the number of students continues to increase, and an increase also follows this in the use of transportation every year.
(Akbar, 2.
The large number of students will lead to a variety of transportation modes to choose from.
The results of Irjayanti et al.
, .
This shows that socioeconomic status factors influence the choice of transportation mode.
Socioeconomic status according to Atika & Rasyid, .
Each individual's unique position in the environment will be related to the dignity obtained and the rights that he will have.
Meanwhile, according to Nurwati & Listari, .
Socioeconomic status is a role owned by a person in a community group that is related to their ability to meet the needs of daily life based on the level of achievement that the individual has.
Socio-economics can describe the position or position of individuals in classifying individuals in a particular social layer.
According to research by Irjayanti et al.
, .
Economic status will be assessed from monthly income or money, and social factors will be seen from the distance traveled from residence to Economic factors are one of the determinants of the choice of transportation mode.
Financial factors are related to income, the monthly money received to meet individual needs (Sumampouw et al.
, 2.
Research conducted by Bastarianto et al.
, .
revealed that income or economic conditions significantly affect the choice of transportation mode that respondents will choose.
Individuals who have a higher income will decide to use a private vehicle.
Meanwhile, most low-income individuals prefer public transportation, which is more economical.
The income factor is vital because each choice of transportation mode has a different tariff for the burden of making a move.
The tariff for the use of private vehicles is considered more expensive than the tariff for public This is because private cars require fuel charges and other operational costs such Indonesian Journal of Social Technology.
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, 2.
Distance is one of the aspects that can affect the choice of transportation mode.
This factor can be seen from the distance traveled between the residence and the destination.
Individuals with long travel distances will require much effort and a long time, so there will be a high risk of wasting time.
(Aprilia et al.
, 2.
Irjayanti et al.
research shows that mileage significantly affects the choice of transportation.
Individuals with much more distance prefer public transportation because the costs incurred will be cheaper than private transportation.
The distance traveled in each move is related to the time spent in the transfer process.
This is one of the driving factors for the community in choosing a mode of transportation based on the required travel time.
Private transportation modes are considered to have a faster travel time than public transportation because public transportation has a unique schedule and many stops, so it takes longer to travel than private transportation.
(Sugiyanto et al.
, 2.
The results of research by Irjayanti et al.
, .
and Aprilia et al.
, .
Indicate that in selecting transportation modes, there are considerations between using public and private vehicles based on specific priorities.
Different types of transportation can cover the distance from the starting point to the destination point, depending on cost, time value, and flexibility.
Public transportation can be a better option if the top priority is low cost and time value.
(Prima, 2020.
Warokka et al.
, 2.
Meanwhile, if what is more important is fast travel time, high time value, or flexibility in traveling, then private vehicles can be preferred.
Another factor in choosing the mode can be seen from the availability of facilities and infrastructure.
According to research conducted by Sugiyanto et al.
, it was explained that facilities and infrastructure will affect the choice of transportation mode because people will have transportation with a high level of safety, security, reliability, comfort, cleanliness, and accessibility.
The results of field observations show that UMY is a university on the main road with easy access to public and private transportation.
One often used public transportation type is Trans Jogja, which began operating in 2008.
The Yogyakarta government has provided facilities and infrastructure for Trans Jogja Buses spread across 21 lanes with 140 fleets.
Each Trans Jogja Bus is able to carry 41 passengers with 22 sitting passengers and 19 standing passengers.
The area of the object of research, namely the University of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, already has a Trans Jogja Bus Stop facility right in front of the main entrance.
UMY is located in the Trans Jogja Line Number 6B with a total of 5 fleets operating with a distance of 16.
5 km and a waiting time of 30-60 minutes with a tariff based on the Decree of the Governor of Yogyakarta Number 361/KEP/2022 of IDR 3,600 for the public.
IDR 2,700 for community card users and IDR 60 for special student card users (Sunartono, 2.
Trans Jogja, which is used as a form of transportation facilities for the community, has been carried out optimally at a low price and a relatively short waiting time.
This is a Indonesian Journal of Social Technology.
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Agus Budi Purwantoro favorable attraction for University of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta students, who believe that public transportation is the right choice.
This is different from the results of the observation of the use of private vehicles at the University of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.
Using private cars in a place with high activity requires adequate infrastructure such as a large parking lot and easy road access.
Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta has provided infrastructure for private transportation users through parking lots.
However, the parking lot at UMY is overcrowded due to the large number of students with high activity, so the parking facilities at UMY are still considered to be lacking, which can be seen from the parking density.
This indicates that the majority of UMY students prefer to use private transportation compared to public transportation.
Meanwhile, until now there has been no policy from the campus related to the use of private vehicles on the UMY campus.
On the other hand, paths and road access around the campus are also infrastructure that needs to be considered when selecting transportation modes.
UMY has road access from several directions, namely the east as the main route, the western route, the northern route, and the southern route.
There are paths with a high density level, especially on the southern route, where many students use the southern route more than other routes.
The high density often causes congestion during busy hours, such as morning and evening.
The problem of whole parking lots at UMY reflects a widespread issue in higher education institutions.
The increase in the number of students from year to year, coupled with the tendency to use private vehicles such as motorbikes and cars, has resulted in a high need for parking spaces.
However, the available parking spaces often cannot keep up with this surge, leading to overcrowding and long queues in campus parking areas.
Although the parking infrastructure at UMY has been designed to accommodate a certain number of vehicles, it has limitations in scale and flexibility.
The inability to expand these facilities due to land limitations creates a situation where parking capacity is always packed during peak hours, such as morning to noon.
Students tend to choose private vehicles for reasons of convenience, time flexibility, and limited public transportation directly to campus.
This increases the pressure on parking facilities, especially for students who come from outside the region and are unfamiliar with alternative modes of When the parking lot is full, students often have to spend time looking for parking in the area around the campus, which not only reduces their study time but can also lead to delays in attending classes.
This problem also causes a domino effect in the form of congestion around the campus area.
Some large campuses such as the University of Indonesia or the State University of Jakarta provide internal shuttle buses or transportation services integrated with the city's public transportation.
UMY does not have facilities like this.
Access to public transportation to UMY is very limited and does not cover many areas where students live.
At the same time, other campuses, such as the University of Indonesia (UI), are connected by commuter trains and city transportation designed to reach students.
The use of UMY as a research object is a novelty in this study because there has never been a research related to the selection of transportation modes for UMY students.
This research can be Indonesian Journal of Social Technology.
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Nova & Widiastuti, 2.
Irjayanti et al.
, .
The results of this study show that socio-economic and demographic factors, travel characteristics, and transportation quality influence the selection of the main mode of commuter workers in Greater Jakarta.
In general, the factors that affect the choice of commuter mode of work are gender, education, distance, length of travel, speed, and practicality.
The purpose of this study is to analyze further the selection of transportation modes for college trips and possible preferences that affect the choice of these modes.
The objectives of this study are as follows to analyze the demographic characteristics of students on the selection of transportation modes for college trips at UMY locations and to analyze student preferences in choosing transportation modes for college trips at UMY locations The benefits or uses that can be obtained from the implementation of this research include theoretically the results of this research are expected to help add literature, references and theories of transportation mode selection that can be used for future studies.
This research is expected to benefit the government and related institutions in designing more effective and efficient transportation policies.
Method This study uses a quantitative research design, a series of research methods carried out by explaining phenomena that occur through the objective, systematically measuring parts of phenomena, and relationships that occur.
The quantitative research design used in this study is a cross-sectional research design.
(Ghozali, 2.
The use of crosectional design is important because this study aims to determine the demographic characteristics and travel characteristics of transportation mode selection in Faculty of Engineering.
University of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta students.
In this study, the scope of the research population is S1 and S2 students of the Faculty of Engineering.
University of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.
The total number of active students at the University of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta in 2023 is 25,438 students spread across eight faculties, namely the Faculty of Economics.
Faculty of Engineering.
Faculty of Agriculture.
Faculty of Medicine.
Faculty of Physics.
Faculty of Law.
Faculty of Religion, and Faculty of Language Education.
In this study, the technique used to determine the sample is non-probability with the purposive sampling technique.
The purposive sampling technique is a technique for deciding samples with certain considerations, so it can be suitable for quantitative research or studies that do not generalize (Sugiyono, 2018.
According to Bougie & Sekaran, .
, the purposive sampling method is a sampling method with Indonesian Journal of Social Technology.
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The sample criteria in this study are as follows:
Active S1 and S2 students of the Faculty of Engineering.
University of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.
Using a motorbike or a car transportation mode to the campus Be willing to be a respondent.
The number of respondents in this study was calculated using the Slovin formula to determine the number of samples with a known population, using questionnaires.
The data source of this study uses primary data and secondary data.
This primary data is to obtain the opinions of respondents about the influence of socio-economic status, mileage, and condition of infrastructure facilities in The selection of transportation modes for college trips was obtained directly from the respondents based on the distribution of questionnaires to students at the University of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.
Meanwhile, secondary data is data whose source is indirect or data obtained from other sources, for example, through other people or (Sugiyono, 2018.
Secondary data is the result of data obtained from company, government documents, journal references, books, and other data.
Data Analysis Methods This study's analysis method explains the method used to analyze each target.
This study has two objectives, namely identifying and analyzing socio-economic characteristics and movement patterns of public and private transportation users, identifying and analyzing respondents' perceptions of fares and travel times, and identifying and analyzing the selection of public or private modes for travel to/from Descriptive Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistical analysis is related to applying statistical methods to collect, process, present, and analyze quantitative data descriptively, in this case data collected in the field through questionnaire surveys.
After obtaining raw data, the data will be processed using frequency distribution tables and graphs.
In this case, demographic characteristics .
ender, age, income, driver's license ownershi.
and travel characteristics .
ime, cost, mileag.
will be seen on the choice of mode of transportation .
rivate car, private motorbike.
Transjogja Bus.
Motorcycle online transportation.
Car online Crosstab Analysis This study uses crosstab analysis .
ross-tabulation as the main method to analyze the relationship between two categorical variables, namely demographic and travel characteristics, with the selection of transportation modes.
This approach was chosen because of its ability to provide a clear picture of how the two variables are interconnected and influence the choice of transportation mode used by respondents (Budiman et al.
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology.
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In the context of this study, crosstab analysis was carried out to connect variables such as gender, age, income, driver's license ownership, and travel characteristics .
ime, cost, mileag.
with the type of transportation mode used, such as private cars, private motorbikes.
TransJogja buses, online motorcycle transportation, and online car transportation.
(Ferdila & Us, 2.
In crosstab analysis, the data is arranged in a two-dimensional table, with one variable as a row and the other as a column.
Each cell in the table indicates the number or proportion of respondents who chose a particular mode of transport based on the category in the analyzed variable.
In this way, crosstab analysis provides insights into how demographic and travel characteristics affect the choice of mode of transportation.
Results and Discussion From the analysis of the respondent characteristic data that has been carried out, the following results are obtained:
Demographic Characteristics Demographic characteristics consist of perceptions based on gender, age, income, and driver's license ownership.
Travel Characteristics The travel characteristics of the respondents consist of the type of mode used to go to campus, the reason for using transportation, the estimated travel time, the distance traveled, and the costs incurred.
Types of Modes Used on Campus The characteristics of respondents based on the type of mode used to go to campus, to get a diversity of travel time answers, are differentiated into 5 time options consisting of private cars, private motorbikes.
Transjogja buses, motorcycle online transportation and car online transportation, which can be seen in Table 5.
5 and Figure 5.
5 below.
Table 1.
Types of Modes Used on Campus Types of Moda Sum Private Car Personal motorbike Bus Transjogja Motorcycle online transportation Car online transport Total Source: Survey results, 2024 Percentage Data on transportation modes used by respondents to go to campus provides an overview of mobility preferences and habits in the campus environment.
A total of 58 respondents used private motorbikes to go to campus.
This shows that private motorbikes are the most popular mode of transportation for students.
This is due to flexibility, time Indonesian Journal of Social Technology.
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Agus Budi Purwantoro efficiency, and relatively low operational costs.
In addition, private motorbikes are also easier to use on congested roads, which makes it easier for students to find parking spaces.
Private cars were used by 16 respondents, although more expensive in terms of operational and parking costs, some students chose private cars because of convenience, the need to transport more goods, or to travel with friends.
The Transjogja bus was used by 12 respondents, showing that some students still chose public transportation.
Transjogja buses offer suitable routes and cheaper costs, although the travel time can be longer than private vehicles.
Online transportation, both motorbikes .
and cars .
, is used by a small number.
Motorcycle online transportation is more popular than cars because it is faster and more economical, especially for short distances or during heavy traffic.
(Dodi & Nahdalina, 2.
The data shows that most respondents prefer private transportation modes .
otorbikes and private car.
, compared to public transportation (Transjogja buse.
or online transportation.
This shows that private vehicles, both motorcycles and cars, provide more comfort because users can choose the departure time, travel route, and vehicle conditions.
They do not have to arrange waiting times or depend on public transportation schedules.
Private vehicles make it easy for students to travel anytime without being tied to a public transportation schedule.
This is especially important for students with flexible lecture schedules or who often have to attend campus activities outside lecture hours.
Reasons to Use Transportation The characteristics of respondents based on the reasons for using the transportation they choose, to get a diversity of answers to the reasons for the election, it is distinguished into 3 time options consisting of low cost, ease of access, safety and comfort, and other reasons, which can be seen in Table 2:
Table 2.
Reasons to Use Transportation Reasons to use Transportation Safe and secure Low cost Ease of access Total Sum Percentage Various factors, including cost, ease of access, and safety and comfort factors influence the mode of transportation chosen by respondents to go to campus.
The majority of respondents, namely 61 respondents, chose the mode of transportation because of the ease of access.
Easily accessible and well-available modes of transportation around the place of residence or campus are an important factor in facilitating mobility to the place of study.
A total of 25 respondents chose a mode of transportation based on low-cost This factor is very important in influencing transportation choices.
A total of 12 respondents chose the mode of transportation due to safety and comfort Indonesian Journal of Social Technology.
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Estimated Travel Time Table 3.
Estimated Travel Time Estimated Wof Travel Sum 0 Ae 15 minutes 16 Ae 25 minutes 26 Ae 35 minutes 36 Ae 45 minutes Percentage Based on the data above, it is known that as many as 70 students need less time between 0-15 minutes to travel from home or boarding house to campus.
This shows that more than most students live very close to the campus, which is located within a very close radius.
Only two respondents had a travel time of 36 Ae 45 minutes, and one had a travel time of 26 Ae 35 minutes.
This shows that very few students live far from campus.
Thus, most students have a short commute time from home or boarding house to campus, which gives them flexibility and convenience in managing their daily activities.
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology.
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Agus Budi Purwantoro Mileage Table 4.
Mileage T DistanceTraveled 1 - 7 Km 8-13 km 14-19 km 20- 25 Km Total Sum Percentage Source: Survey results, 2024 Based on the data above, it is known that as many as 68 respondents need 1 - 7 Km to travel from home or boarding house to campus.
This shows that more than most students live very close to campus.
Furthermore, there were 20 respondents with a distance between 8-13 Km, while six respondents had a distance of between 14-19 Km.
This shows that several students live a little farther from the campus, but are still quite close.
Only four respondents had a distance between 20-25 Km.
This shows that very few students live far from the campus.
These results show that some students live in locations close to campus, but it still takes a long time to arrive due to heavy traffic and traffic conditions, especially during peak This congestion causes the travel time to be not by the distance that should be covered in a short time.
In addition, there are also students who use public transportation such as the Transjogja Bus to reach the campus.
Although the actual distance between the residence and the campus is quite close, the travel time becomes long due to the Transjogja Bus route, which detours and passes through many stops.
This bus must follow a predetermined route, so that the student's journey becomes longer than if using a private vehicle or other alternative transportation that can go directly to campus without many Costs Incurred The characteristics of respondents based on the cost of round-trip to campus show quite diverse variations, depending on the type of transportation used.
Students who use private vehicles such as motorcycles or cars, incur operational costs in the form of fuel and vehicle maintenance costs.
The average motorcycle has a gasoline consumption of around 30-40 km per liter.
For example, the distance from home to campus is 10 km .
neway tri.
, if students go to campus 5 days a week, then the total trip is 100 km per week .
km x 2 for round trip x 5 day.
So, in a month, students will travel 400 km .
km x 4 week.
Using 1 liter of gasoline consumption for 35 km, then for 100 km per week, students need around 2.
86 liters of gasoline.
Gasoline cost per week = 2.
86 liters x IDR 10,000 = IDR 28,600.
While the cost of gasoline per month = 11.
43 liters x IDR 10,000 = IDR 114,300.
Then, the cost of car gasoline per week = 9.
09 liters x IDR 10,000 = IDR 90,900, and the cost of car gasoline per month = 36.
36 liters x IDR 10,000 = IDR 363,600.
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology.
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uch as motorcycles and car.
involves routine service costs to keep the vehicle in top condition.
This service fee usually does not occur every day, but is influenced by mileage, usage time, and vehicle condition.
Light service .
il change, engine chec.
is usually done every 2-3 months or every 1,0001,500 km.
The cost of light service for motorcycles is around IDR 50,000 - IDR 100,000 per service, while the cost of light service for cars can range from IDR 200,000 - IDR 500,000 per service.
Thus, it can be assumed that the cost of servicing the motorcycle in 1 month is IDR 100,000 .
or 1 month of normal use, even though maintenance is only done every few months, the cost is divided equally per mont.
At the same time, the cost of car service in 1 month is IDR 200,000 .
he average cost if the service is carried out every 3 months, then the service fee per month is around IDR 200,.
More details on the distribution of fees incurred by students per day can be seen in Table 5.
8 and Figure 5.
8 below.
Table 6.
Costs Incurred .
er da.
Cost IDR 0 Ae IDR 15,000 IDR 16,000 Ae IDR 27,000 IDR 28,000 Ae IDR 39,000 IDR 40,000 Ae IDR 51,000 Total Sum Percentage Source: Survey results, 2024 Transportation costs are an important consideration for students when choosing their daily mode of transportation from their residence to campus.
Survey data shows that as many as 57 respondents spent between Rp.
0 Ae Rp.
Fifteen thousand to travel to campus, including students who live very close to campus, only need to pay for gasoline to ride a motorcycle.
A total of 25 respondents spent between Rp.
16,000 Ae Rp.
Twenty-seven thousand for a trip to campus, and nine respondents spent Rp.
28,000
Ae Rp.
39,000 students, including students who use private cars or regular online transportation, or those who live far enough from campus, so transportation costs become more expensive.
Seven respondents also spent Rp.
40,000 Ae Rp.
51,000 including students who used private cars and lived quite far from campus, students in this group had a preference for comfort and flexibility, even though they had to spend higher costs.
Crosstab Analysis Gender.
Age and Alternative Mode Selection Table 7.
Gender.
Age and Alternative Mode Selection Information Car Motorcycle transport transportation Bus Trans Jogja .
ublic Private Personal transportatio.
car Indonesian Journal of Social Technology.
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Agus Budi Purwantoro Gender Man Woman Age Total Source: Survey results, 2024 The majority of UMY students choose private motorbikes as the main mode of transportation, with 39 men and 19 women, because of their flexibility, time efficiency, and lower operational costs, especially in the face of heavy traffic conditions.
Private cars are the second choice for men .
and women .
who prioritize comfort, flexibility, and the ability to carry more goods, even though the number of users is less than private motorbikes due to higher operational costs.
Public transportation modes such as the Trans Jogja bus are used in a balanced manner by six men and six women, driven by affordable fares and routes that are integrated with various important points, including the UMY campus.
Meanwhile, online motorcycle transportation is more in demand by women .
than men .
because of comfort and safety considerations, especially for medium-distance travel.
In contrast, online transportation by car is only chosen by one man and two women, showing that higher fares are an obstacle for students.
Overall, male students rely more on fast and flexible modes of transportation such as motorbikes and private cars, while female students have more varied options with comfort and safety considerations.
Although public transportation and online transportation modes are still relevant for students who do not have access to private vehicles, private motorbikes remain the dominant choice for UMY students.
Income.
Driver's License Ownership and Alternative Mode Selection The cross-tabulation between income and driver's license ownership in UMY students is presented as follows:
Table 8.
Driver's License Income and Ownership Income .
tudent monthly YES
YES
None
YES A
YES C
Less than UMP (Rp.
2,125,897.
More than UMP (IDR 2,125,897.
Total Source: Survey results, 2024 Total Student driver's license ownership is influenced by the level of monthly income.
the 39 students with incomes less than UMP, the majority have SIM C .
, while none have SIM A, and 17 students do not have driver's licenses, indicating limited access to private vehicles.
On the other hand, of the 59 students with an income of more Indonesian Journal of Social Technology.
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This shows that higher-income students tend to have wider access to private vehicles, both cars and motorcycles, while low-income students rely more on motorcycles as the main mode of transportation or even do not have a driver's license at all due to financial Furthermore, the cross-tabulation between SIM ownership and alternative selection of student transportation modes to the UMY campus is presented as follows:
Table 9.
Driver's License Ownership and Alternative Mode Selection Car
Driver's License transport
Ownership
YES A
YES A,
YES C
YES C
None Total Bus Transjogja .
ublic Private Personal Total Source: Survey results, 2024 Motorcycle The table above shows that private motorbikes are the most dominant mode of transportation, especially among students with SIM C and SIM A C.
Then private cars are more widely used by students who have SIM A or a combination of SIM A and C.
the same time.
Trans Jogja and online buses are the main choices for students who do not have a driver's license due to limited access to private vehicles.
Thus, it can be said that students without a driver's license tend to rely on public transportation and online The main choice of Trans Jogja buses is a preference for more economical modes, while online transportation offers convenience even at a higher cost.
Interestingly, there are two students without a driver's license who use a private motorcycle, which can show use without official permission.
Estimated Travel Time and Alternative Mode Selection The cross-tabulation between the estimated travel time and the alternative selection of student mode to the UMY campus is presented as follows:
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology.
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Estimated Travel Time and Alternative Mode Selection Estimate Transjogja Car Motorcycle d Travel Bus .
ublic Privat Personal Time e car .
inutes Total Source: Survey results, 2024 Tot Based on table 10, it is known that private motorbikes are the main mode of transportation for students in all travel time ranges, especially for short trips of 0-15 minutes with 38 students, because of their speed and efficiency.
Private cars were also significantly used .
, reflecting a preference for comfort despite the relatively close proximity.
Online transportation, both motorbikes and cars, is used in certain situations, such as urgent conditions or convenience reasons, while Trans Jogja buses are not chosen for short trips because they are more suitable for trips with longer travel times.
In the 16-25 minute range, the distribution of mode use was more even, with private motorbikes remaining dominant, but there was a significant increase in the use of Trans Jogja Bus .
, indicating that buses are more preferred for longer journeys.
Private cars remain an option for those who prioritize convenience, while online transportation is also quite useful.
In the 26-35 minute travel span, only private modes of transportation are used, both motorbikes and cars, each with three users, indicating that students tend to avoid public transportation or online for longer trips for flexibility.
In the longest range of 35-45 minutes, the modes used are private motorbikes and motorbike online transportation with one user each, emphasizing the importance of flexibility and time efficiency.
Overall, private motorcycles are the most widely used mode of transportation in all time spans, especially for short trips.
Private cars are quite popular on trips with a travel time of 5-24 minutes because of their convenience.
Trans Jogja buses are more effective for medium-sized trips in the range of 15-24 minutes, while online transportation, both motorbikes and cars, are more often used in short to mediumsized trips but with a smaller number of users than private modes.
Distance and Alternative Mode Selection The cross-tabulation between the distance traveled and the alternative mode of choosing the mode of students to the UMY campus is presented as follows:
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology.
Vol.
No.
Februari 2025 Government Support.
Trust, and UTAUT 2 in Willingness to Adopt & Pay Smart Home Indonesia Distan Traveled .
Total Table 11.
Distance and Alternative Mode Selection Transjogja Car Motorcycle Bus Priva Persona .
ransportatio te car Source: Survey results, 2024 Tot Table 5.
14 shows that private motorcycles dominate students' choices within a distance of 1-7 km, with 42 users.
This mode allows for fast and flexible travel with low operational costs.
Private cars are also quite popular .
, showing a preference for comfort despite the relatively short distance.
For online transportation, motorcycles .
and cars .
are alternatives for students who do not have a personal vehicle or are in certain conditions.
As for the Trans Jogja Bus used by one student, it shows a low preference for this mode in short-distance travel.
Within a distance of 8-14 km, the choice of transportation modes is more varied.
Private motorbikes are still widely used .
, but the number of users of private cars .
and Trans Jogja Bus .
is increasing.
Then, the Trans Jogja Bus became more popular than shorter distances due to cost efficiency and the wider range of routes.
Meanwhile, online transportation .
ars and motorcycle.
remains an option for a small number of students.
Furthermore, within a distance of 15-21 km, the use of transportation modes is more balanced with each mode .
nline transportation motorbike.
Trans Jogja Bus, and private motorbik.
used by one student.
There are no private car users or car online transportation, perhaps because this trip requires higher operational costs or longer time with the mode.
Likewise with a distance of 22-28 km, only private cars and private motorbikes are used, each by one student.
Students who live far from campus tend to use private transportation modes that provide better flexibility and comfort for long-distance Thus it can be said that private motorcycles are the most popular mode of transport in all distance categories, especially within a distance of 1-7 km.
Trans Jogja buses are more widely used in medium distances .
-14 k.
, reflecting the effectiveness of this mode in medium-distance travel at an affordable cost.
For private cars, it shows stable use, especially in short and medium distances.
Online transportation, both motorbikes and cars, is more often used over short distances due to its flexibility and ease of access.
Over long distances .
-28 k.
, private modes of transport .
ars and motorcycle.
are preferred due to convenience and speed on long-distance travel.
Indonesian Journal of Social Technology.
Vol.
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February 2025 Ajie Setiawan.
Firga Ariani.
Agus Budi Purwantoro Travel Costs and Alternative Mode Selection The cross-tabulation between the cost .
and the alternative mode of choosing students to the UMY campus is presented as follows:
Table 12.
Travel Costs and Alternative Mode Selection Transjogja Car Motorcycle Bus .
ublic Fee Private Personal (R.
Total Total Source: Survey results, 2024 Table 12 states that private motorcycles are the most dominant mode of transportation among students, especially in the low-cost category (Rp0 - Rp15,.
, due to their low efficiency and operational costs, while the Trans Jogja Bus is the second choice for students with a limited budget, but is not used in the middle to high cost In the cost range of IDR 16,000 - IDR 27,000, the use of private motorbikes has decreased, and online transportation .
otorbikes and car.
has begun to be in demand by students who prioritize comfort even at a higher cost.
In the cost category of Rp28,000 Rp39,000, private cars are the main choice, reflecting a preference for comfort for students who can afford to allocate more money, while online transportation for motorbikes is still used even though it is limited.
At the cost of a trip of Rp40,000 Rp51,000, private cars still dominate, while other modes such as the Trans Jogja Bus and private motorbikes are not used, indicating that this mode is not suitable for high-cost Thus, the choice of student mode of transportation is greatly influenced by the balance between cost, convenience, and flexibility, where private motorbikes are the main choice for low costs, online transportation is preferred in the middle category, and private cars are the main option for students with larger transportation budgets.
Reasons for Choosing Moda and Alternative Moda Selection The cross-tabulation between the reasons and the alternative mode of student selection to the UMY campus is presented as follows:
Table 12.
Reasons and Alternatives for Choosing Moda Transjogja Car Motorcycle Bus .
ublic Reaso Privat Personal e car Indonesian Journal of Social Technology.
Vol.
No.
Februari 2025 Tota Government Support.
Trust, and UTAUT 2 in Willingness to Adopt & Pay Smart Home Indonesia Safe and Low cost Ease of Overall Total Source: Survey results, 2024 Based on the table of 12, private cars are the main mode of transportation for students who prioritize safety and comfort .
, followed by online transportation by car .
, while private motorbikes and Trans Jogja buses are not chosen due to limited space and comfort.
For reasons of low cost.
Trans Jogja Bus is the main choice with 12 users, followed by private motorbikes .
, while online transportation motorcycles are used by three students, and private cars and online car transportation have only one or no users in this category.
Private motorbikes dominated in terms of ease of access with 49 users, reflecting high flexibility compared to other modes, followed by private cars .
and motorbike online transportation .
, while Trans Jogja Bus was not chosen due to route and schedule limitations.
Overall, private cars are the most dominant for safety and comfort reasons.
Trans Jogja buses and private motorbikes excel in the cost factor, while private motorbikes are the top choice in terms of ease of (Kristyanto et al.
, 2.
Conclusion Based on the results of the analysis, the findings of the study showed that the majority of respondents aged 19-23 years, male, earning above UMP, had a driver's license C, with a travel time between 0-15 minutes, a distance of 1-7 km, and transportation costs between Rp 0 - Rp 15,000.
Private motorcycles are the most dominant mode of transportation among UMY students, both men and women, as well as students with SIM C.
Private motorcycles are more widely used for trips with a travel time of 015 minutes, while private cars are used for travel times of 5-25 minutes, and Trans Jogja buses are more widely used for travel times of 16-25 minutes.
Online transportation, both motorbikes and cars, is used more often for short to medium distances, although the number of users is smaller than private modes.
Private motorcycles are most popular in all distance categories, especially 1-7 km.
Trans Jogja buses are more widely used for medium distances .
-14 k.
, while private cars are used stably for short and medium Online transportation is more often used for short distances, but at a higher cost compared to private modes.
Over long distances .
-28 k.
, private modes of transport Indonesian Journal of Social Technology.
Vol.
No.
February 2025 Ajie Setiawan.
Firga Ariani.
Agus Budi Purwantoro are preferred due to convenience and speed.
Private motorcycles are dominant in the lowcost category (Rp 0 - Rp 15,.
, while Trans Jogja is more popular among students with a limited budget.
Online transportation .
otorbikes and car.
is an option in the cost range of Rp 16,000 - Rp 27,000, and private cars are used more in the high-cost category (Rp 28,000 and abov.
for convenience.
Trans Jogja and private motorcycles are preferred for reasons of low cost, while private motorcycles are also more chosen for ease of access.
Bibliography