International Journal of Computer in Humanities 5.
107-111 Journal homepage: https://ojs.
id/index.
php/injuchum Violations of Cooperative Maxims in Humor Genre Anime Richardy Chaeruman Rachman.
Pitri Haryanti Japanese Literature Study Program.
Universitas Komputer Indonesia.
Indonesia *Corresponding Email: pitri.
haryanti@email.
Abstract.
This study examines violations of Grice's Cooperative Maxims in the anime Danshi Koukousei no Nichijou and how these violations contribute to humor formation.
The Cooperative Principle, consists of four maxims: quantity, quality, relevance, and manner .
While these maxims aim to ensure effective communication, deliberate violations can create comedic effects.
This study employs a qualitative descriptive method with observation and note-taking techniques to analyze dialogues between the main characters: Tadakuni.
Hidenori, and Yoshitake.
The findings indicate that the most frequently violated maxims are the maxim of relevance and the maxim of quality.
These violations are associated with humor techniques such as misunderstanding, irony, and embarrassment, based on the classification .
Keywords: Pragmatics.
Cooperative Maxims.
Humor.
Anime Introduction Language plays a crucial role in human communication, allowing individuals to convey meaning and establish social connections.
Introduced the Cooperative Principle, which consists of four maxims: quantity, quality, relevance, and manner.
These maxims guide effective communication by ensuring clarity and coherence .
However, in practice, speakers often violate these maximsAieither intentionally or unintentionallyAiresulting in various effects, including humor.
Humor is a universal phenomenon that serves multiple functions, such as entertaining, strengthening social bonds, and indirectly conveying criticism .
Violations of conversational maxims often contribute to humor by creating unexpected or exaggerated responses.
Comedians, for instance, deliberately break these maxims to generate surprise and irony (Ramadhani, 2.
In audiovisual media, humor emerges not only from dialogue but also from visual cues, intonation, and situational absurdity.
Prior research has examined maxim violations in various contexts, such as stand-up comedy and anime (Gintama the Movi.
However, few studies have explored how these violations function specifically in humor-focused anime.
This study aims to analyze how maxim violations contribute to humor in Danshi Koukousei no Nichijou, a well-known slice-oflife comedy anime that relies heavily on absurd and exaggerated interactions.
International Journal of Computer in Humanities 5.
107-111 Journal homepage: https://ojs.
id/index.
php/injuchum This research contributes to pragmatic and humor studies by linking GriceAos Cooperative Principle with Buijzen and ValkenburgAos humor techniques .
By examining maxim violations in Danshi Koukousei no Nichijou, this study provides insight into how linguistic deviations enhancsse comedic effects in audiovisual media .
Literature Review Pragmatics and the cooperative principle Pragmatics studies language use in context (Yule, 2.
GriceAos Cooperative Principle .
includes maxim of quantity, provide sufficient but not excessive information.
Maxim of quality, provide truthful information.
Maxim of relevance, provide relevant information and Maxim of Manner, use clear and unambiguous language.
Maxim Violations and Humor in Audiovisual Media Maxim violations in communication do not always lead to communication failure.
Instead, they are often used as a humor strategy in audiovisual media (Attardo, 1.
Ramadhani .
states that comedians frequently and deliberately violate maxims to create surprise effects, absurdity, or inconsistencies that provoke laughter.
Previous research by Maherni .
analyzed maxim violations in the anime Gintama The Movie and found that humor techniques such as irony, sarcasm, and clownish behavior are commonly used to create comedic effects.
Mediatama .
explored maxim violations in the anime Kokoro ga Sakebitagatterunda and found that conflicts often lead to maxim violations, particularly in emotionally charged dialogues.
In the context of anime, humor does not only emerge from dialogue but also from facial expressions, intonation, and absurd situations that involve maxim violations.
These studies highlight how maxim violations contribute to humor, but they focus on different contexts.
Unlike prior research, this study specifically examines Danshi Koukousei no Nichijou and its use of maxim violations in connection with Buijzen and ValkenburgAos humor techniques .
This research fills a gap by linking humor techniques systematically with specific types of maxim violations in anime.
Humor Techniques in Audiovisual Media Buijzen and Valkenburg categorize humor techniques as, slapstick humor .
hysical comed.
, surprise humor .
nexpected twist.
Irony & sarcasm, clownish behavior, satire, misunderstanding, parodyand miscellaneous humor .
This study links GriceAos maxim violations to these humor techniques in Danshi Koukousei no Nichijou .
Method The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method.
According to Sukmadinata .
, the foundation of qualitative research is constructivism, which assumes that reality has multiple dimensions, is interactive, and involves the exchange of social experiences that can be interpreted by each individual.
The researcher collected data using the observation and note-taking method.
According to Sudaryanto .
, the observation method is a data collection technique that examines language use in a specific context, either directly or through media such as films or anime.
In this study, the researcher observed dialogues and social interactions in the anime Danshi Koukousei no Nichijou.
Relevant data obtained from the observation, such as dialogues between the three main characters, were recorded using the note-taking technique.
International Journal of Computer in Humanities 5.
107-111 Journal homepage: https://ojs.
id/index.
php/injuchum First, the researcher identified cooperative maxim violations in the anime Danshi Koukousei no Nichijou, particularly in the three main characters: Tabata Hidenori.
Tanaka Yoshitake, and Tadakuni.
Then, the researcher identified the humor that emerged and classified it based on the humor techniques .
Results and Discussion Hidenori violates the maxim of relevance, leading to humor through misunderstanding as he responds in an irrelevant and illogical manner.
Tadakuni violates the maxim of quality, resulting in irony, as his statement contradicts reality.
Yoshitake and Motoharu also violate the maxim of relevance, creating humor through irony by providing unrelated or exaggerated Table 1.
Result of maximal violation Character Name Hidenori Tadakuni Yoshitake Maxim Quality Maxim of Quantity Maxim of Relevance Maxim Manner Humor Technique Misunderstanding Irony Irony Each analyzed dialogue in this study demonstrates how maxim violations relate to humor techniques, as discussed below:
Data 1 CEACEUoAiAI EcoAyAIACOAAiAAEaCECEEyCCEEaCeACO CEACEUoAyAeAoCEAAOCOAA eNEaEocEUACAEECCAUCEEuAoCUaEAAUCO CEACEUoAeCUAAiAaoAoAuCEUEAAeCeAAUIeoAuNAyuAAEA eNEaEoAyAIACeA EcoAACeAAOA CEACEUoAACeAAOAAIA Danshi Koukousei no Nichijou (Daily Lives of High School Boy.
is a comedy and slice-oflife anime that focuses on the daily lives of three high school boys with absurd and silly The anime opens with a scene resembling a battle sequence typical of a mecha anime .
iant robot.
, which does not fit the slice-of-life genre.
Tadakuni, one of the main characters, becomes confused and frustrated because the situation does not make sense.
He realizes that they are in a slice-of-life anime, yet suddenly, a battle scene from a fantasy or mecha anime Hidenori and Yoshitake, his friends, respond with absurd and unhelpful comments, further frustrating Tadakuni .
Yoshitake and Hidenori's responses are irrelevant and do not answer TadakuniAos question.
Yoshitake comments on HidenoriAos position, while Hidenori suddenly mentions a collaboration between Square Enix and Sunrise.
This utterance violates the maxim of relevance, as GriceAos Cooperative Principle requires conversational participants to provide information relevant to the topic being discussed.
If someone provides an off-topic or irrelevant response, they are violating this maxim.
In this dialogue, there is a International Journal of Computer in Humanities 5.
107-111 Journal homepage: https://ojs.
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php/injuchum misunderstanding among the three main characters: Tadakuni reminds them that the anime is a slice-of-life, not fantasy, because it contains robots and questions why the opening scene is like that.
Yoshitake misinterprets TadakuniAos intent and instead questions why Hidenori takes the main role in the opening.
Meanwhile.
Hidenori misunderstands as well and randomly responds with a statement about Square Enix and Sunrise collaborating.
This humor falls under the misunderstanding technique .
Data 2 eNEaEoEUiauAACAuAAeCUACeOAAsCUAAyAI CEACEUoAIAiaAoCEAAOAUCO In the above dialogue.
Tadakuni asks his friends Yoshitake and Hidenori how to get a They conduct a simulated conversation with a female student, and Tadakuni eventually succeeds in the simulation.
Hidenori then congratulates him, saying.
AuIAom I think youAoll get a lot of girls.
Ay Tadakuni responds by pointing out that their school is an all-boys school.
This utterance violates the maxim of quality, which requires speakers to only say things that are true and based on evidence.
A violation occurs when someone says something that is not consistent with reality or lacks a clear basis.
HidenoriAos statement is factually incorrect, as Tadakuni cannot actually attract many girls from the simulation they In reality, their school is an all-boys school .
a, danshiko.
, meaning there are no female students present.
This utterance falls under the irony humor technique.
Irony occurs when there is a discrepancy between expectations and reality, creating a humorous effect .
Hidenori speaks as if Tadakuni can truly get a girlfriend, even though they attend an all-boys school, making the situation impossible.
Tadakuni quickly reminds them of the harsh reality that there are no girls at their school, making HidenoriAos statement sound ridiculous and Data 3 EEOEaEoCOCEACEU CEACEUoACEEOEaEAICUACAEOuAiAUaCai EEOEaEo:OuCCeAEACsACeAAUOIAUCUAUOAUCOACAANAouCeAoAUCOA CEACEUoAAIAAEacAUCaAUCOCe Motoharu catches Tadakuni walking with a girl and assumes that she is his girlfriend.
then approaches Tadakuni and says.
AuItAos cold today, do you know why? Because IAom going to kill your spring.
Ay Spring is often associated with romance because of its symbolic meanings related to love and new beginnings.
Just like cherry blossoms bloom in spring, love is often perceived as growing and flourishing during this season.
Here.
Motoharu wants to end TadakuniAos blooming Auseason of love.
Ay However, the girl was merely asking for directions and was not TadakuniAos girlfriend.
In the above dialogue.
Motoharu violates the maxim of relevance.
Tadakuni initially explains that he is late because he is feeling unwell.
However.
Motoharu suddenly makes an unrelated comment about Aukilling spring.
Ay Tadakuni responds with confusion: AAIAAEac AUCaAUCOCe (AuWhat do you mean? I donAot understandA.
This shows that Motoharu gives an irrelevant response to the initial conversation context, thereby violating the maxim of The humor in this conversation falls under the irony category, with the technique of embarrassment, as Motoharu embarrasses Tadakuni in front of the girl he assumed was his girlfriend .
International Journal of Computer in Humanities 5.
107-111 Journal homepage: https://ojs.
id/index.
php/injuchum Conclusion This study finds that humor in Danshi Koukousei no Nichijou is predominantly generated through violations of the maxim of relevance and maxim of quality.
These violations contribute to humor techniques such as misunderstanding, irony, and embarrassment.
Future research could adopt a quantitative approach to analyz e audience reception of maxim violations in humor.
References