DOI :https://doi.
org/ DOI 10.
36378/juatika.
JUATIKA
eissn 2656-1727
JURNAL AGRONOMI TANAMAN TROPIKA
pissn 2684-785X VOL.
6 NO.
1 January 2024 Hal : 1 Ae 10 Increasing Red Onion Plant (Allium ascalonicum L) Growth and Production by Providing Cascing and NPK 16.
Fertilizer Khusnu Abdillah Siregar1*, dan Saripah Ulpah2 Universitas Pasir Pengaraian Jl.
Tuanku Tambusai.
Kumu.
Rambah Hilir.
Rokan Hulu.
Riau Pasca Sarjana Universitas Islam Riau Jalan Kaharuddin Nasution No.
Pekanbaru.
Riau.
E-mail: khusnuabdillah@upp.
ABSTRACT
Riau Province relies on other regions, such as North Sumatra.
West Sumatra, and Java, for its needs.
However, when natural disasters occur, or transportation disruptions happen from the sources of onion production, the price of shallots in the market increases.
To reduce Riau companies' dependency on this raw material, it is necessary to develop shallot plants using optimal cultivation techniques to maximize growth and production.
This research was conducted at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture.
Pasir Pengaraian University.
Rokan Hulu Regency, for three months from May 2022 to July 2022.
The research utilized a completely randomized factorial design with two The first factor involved the application of Vermicompost Fertilizer, with four treatment levels: 0.
and 600 g/plot.
The second factor involved the application of NPK 16.
16 fertilizer with four treatment levels: 0.
and 30 g/plot.
The parameters observed included plant height, harvest age, number of tubers per cluster, tuber weight per bulb, wet tuber weight per cluster, dry tuber weight, and percentage of tuber weight The research results indicated that the interaction between vermicompost fertilizer and NPK 16.
16 fertilizer had a significant impact on plant height, harvest age, number of tubers per cluster, number of tubers per tuber, wet tuber weight per cluster, and dry tuber weight per cluster.
The best treatment was a combination of Vermicompost 600 g/plot and NPK 16.
16 30 g/plot.
The main effect of the Vermicompost Fertilizer application was significant for all observation parameters, and the main effect of NPK 16 also had a significant impact on all observation parameters.
Keywords: Shallots.
Vernucinoist.
NPK 16.
Production.
Growth Copyright A 2024.
The authors.
This is an open access article under the CC BY license .
ttps://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by/4.
Siregar et.
INTRODUCTION
Shallots, a staple in the daily lives of Indonesians, serve as a vital rural In addition to their culinary uses, shallots are also employed in traditional medicine.
They are often utilized as a spice, following chilies.
They can be sold or processed into various forms, such as spices, essential oils, fried onions, and even medicinal products, to reduce cholesterol levels in the blood and improve overall cardiovascular health (Suriani, 2.
Irianto .
highlights the nutritional composition of shallots, stating that for every 100 grams, they consist of approximately 80-85% water, 5% protein, 0.
3% fat, and 9.
Shallots also contain essential minerals like iron, potassium, phosphorus, ascorbate acid, nisin.
Flavin essence, vitamin B, and vitamin C (Irianto, 2.
Based on data provided by the National Statistics Agency in 2017.
production of shallots amounted to 221 tonnes.
Subsequently 2018.
there was an increase in shallot production, reaching 1.
773 tonnes.
The year 2019 witnessed a further rise in production, with 1.
801 tonnes of shallots being produced.
In 2020.
slightly decreased to 184 tonnes, but in 2021.
860 tonnes.
As the production of shallots continues to grow on small islands.
Indonesia has become selfsufficient in meeting its domestic demand, eliminating the need for importing shallots from other countries (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2.
In the province of Riau, one of the contributing factors to the variation in shallot production is the unfavorable soil conditions and inadequate nutrition resulting from continuous farming Implementing Juatika Vol.
6 No.
crucial to address this issue and These technologies can be employed in shallot cultivation to compensate for the limited availability of nutrients through effective fertilization methods.
Organic fertilizer, in addition to artificial fertilizer, is considered the most effective and environmentally friendly method of enhancing soil Generally, organic fertilizers have lower levels of long-term nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K).
Still, they contain required for plant growth.
One of the advantages of organic fertilizer is its ability to prevent erosion, soil surface movement, and soil cracks and maintain soil moisture levels (Sutanto.
Vermicompost, a type of organic decomposition of organic matter by worms, is particularly beneficial for promoting plant growth and improving soil fertility.
It contains various components necessary for plant development, including hormones like gibberellins, cytokinins, and auxins.
Additionally, vermicompost contains essential nutrients such as nitrogen (N), (P), (K), magnesium (M.
, and calcium (C.
Furthermore, it also contains nonsymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Azobacter sp, which aids in enriching the soil with vital elements required by plants.
The utilization of organic fertilizer should be carefully balanced alongside the application of inorganic fertilizer.
One notable example of the latter is NPK 16:16:16 fertilizer.
NPK 16:16:16
Siregar et.
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Fertilizer assumes a significant role in numerous metabolic processes within Nitrogen (N) serves the purpose of promoting overall plant growth.
Phosphorus (P) facilitates the transfer of energy, such as ADP and ATP, within plant cells and encourages the development of young plant roots.
the other hand, potassium (K) fortifies plant tissue, preventing premature shedding of flowers and leaves and carbohydrate proteins to other plant organs (Hendri, 2.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This research was conducted at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture.
Pasir Pengaraian University.
Rokan Hulu Regency.
This research was carried out for three months, from May 2022 to July 2022.
The materials used in this research were red onion seeds of the Bima variety, vermicompost fertilizer.
NPK and Dhitane M-45 manure.
Meanwhile, the tools used are hoes, machetes, stainless knives, raffia rope.
Gembor, a camera, measuring tape, a bucket, a hand sprayer, a zinc plate, and writing utensils.
The present study employed a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) comprising two factors.
The first factor involved the application of vermicompost fertilizer (K) with four different levels, while the second factor consisted of NPK 16.
16 (N) fertilizer with four different levels.
This resulted in 16 treatment combinations replicated three times, leading to 48 experimental Each comprised six plants per plot, which were utilized as observation samples.
Consequently, the study encompassed a total of 288 plants.
Land preparation Planting Administering Treatment Observation Processing Research Result Data Figure 1.
Research Flow Diagram Siregar et.
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After analysis of variance, the observations of plant height showed that the main effect of applying vermicompost fertilizer and NPK 16:16:16 fertilizer had a real influence on shallot plant height.
The results of the Honestly Significant RESULT AND DISCUSSION Difference Test (BNJ) at the 5% level 1 Height of shallot plants are shown in Table 1.
Table 1.
The average height of shallot plants treated with vermicompost and NPK fertilizer was 16.
Vermicompost NPK 16.
16 Fertilizer .
/plo.
Mean /plo.
N0 .
N1 .
N2 .
N3 .
K0 .
35,53 g 36,60 g 37,50fg 39,47ef 37,28 d K1 .
40,10 de 40,60 cde 41,23be 41,57be 40,88 c K2 .
41,67 be 42,17 bcd 42,60bc 42,97bc 42,35 b K3 .
42,53 bcd 43,00 bc 4,70b 46,40a 43,91 a Mean 39,96 b 40,59 b 41,93 a 41,93 a CV= 2,00 % Tukey T & N =0,90 Tukey TN=2,4 Data from observations of each treatment was analyzed statistically.
the F-count exceeds the F-table, proceed with the Honest Significant Difference Test (BNJ) at the 5% level.
Numbers in columns followed by the same lowercase letters are not significantly different according to the BNJ follow-up test at the 5% level.
According to the data presented in Table 1.
it is evident that the interaction vermicompost fertilizer and NPK 16 fertilizer had a notable impact on the height of shallot plants.
The highest plant height was observed when the vermicompost treatment was administered at a rate of 600 g/plot, in conjunction with NPK 16.
16 fertilizer at 30 g/plot .
eferred to as K3N.
, 40 cm.
This height is significantly different from the heights observed in the other treatments.
On the other hand, the lowest plant height was recorded in the treatment where no vermicompost treatment was applied, and NPK 16 fertilizer .
eferred to as K0N.
was not used.
The average plant height in this combination was 35.
53 cm.
Sumarni .
stated that the metabolic process of photosynthesis plays a crucial role in the growth and development of plants by producing energy to support their life cycle.
The amount of energy generated through photosynthesis directly impacts the overall growth and development of well-functioning substantial energy, which in turn development of plant organs.
In a study conducted by Napitupulu and Winarno .
, it was found that applying nitrogen can significantly enhance plant growth.
This is attributed to the stimulation of chlorophyll formation and the resulting greener color of leaves.
Additionally, nitrogen application also leads to an increase in the shoot-to-root ratio.
Consequently, the application of nitrogen can effectively expedite the growth of plants.
2 Harvest Age The results of observations of harvest age after analysis of variance showed that the interaction and main effects of vermicompost fertilizer and NPK 16.
16 were significant on shallot harvest age.
The results of the Honestly Significant Difference Test (BNJ) at the 5% level are shown in Table 2.
Siregar et.
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Table 2.
Average age of shallot harvest with vermicompost and NPK fertilizer treatment 16:16:16 .
Vermicompost NPK 16.
16 Fertilizer .
/plo.
Mean /plo.
N0 .
N1 .
N2 .
N3 .
K0 .
64,67 j 63,67 hij 63,67 ij 63,33 g-j 63,84 c K1 .
63,00 f-j 63,00 f-j 62,67 e-j 62,33 e-i 62,75 bc K2 .
61,00 c-f 61,33 d-g 62,67 e-j 60,67 b-e 61,25 ab K3 .
59,67 bcd 59,33 bc 59,00 b 55,33 a 58,33 a Mean 62,09 b 61,83 ab 60,92 a 61,33 a CV = 1.
Tukey T & N = 0.
Tukey TN = 2.
Numbers in columns followed by the same lowercase letters are not significantly different according to the BNJ follow-up test at the 5% level.
According to the information vegetative growth to enter the presented in Table 2.
it is evident that generation phase.
The supply of NPK the combination of vermicompost fertilizer can increase root growth and fertilizer and NPK 16.
16 fertilizer has provide nutrients.
a substantial impact on the harvest age According to Masciandro et al.
of shallots.
The application of 600 g/plot .
, of vermicompost fertilizer and 30 g of microbes that are beneficial to plants.
NPK 16.
16 fertilizer (K3N.
resulted Microbial activity helps in forming a in the shortest harvest age of 55.
33 cm, stable soil structure.
significantly different from the other 3 Number of Tubers Per Clump On the other hand, the longest .
harvest time was observed when no The results of observing the vermicompost treatment and NPK number of tubers per hill after analysis 16 (K0N.
fertilizer were applied, of variance showed that the interaction with a harvest age of 64.
67 DAP.
and main effects of vermicompost Harvest Age Treatment (K3N.
, fertilizer and NPK 16.
16 were given with a weekly dose of significant on the number of tubers per vermicompost fertilizer at the correct hill.
The results of the Honestly dose, improves the physical and Significant Difference Test (BNJ) at the chemical properties of the soil, resulting 5% level are shown in Table 3.
in more plants that encourage Table 3.
Average number of bulbs per cluster of shallots treated with vermicompost and NPK fertilizer 16:16:16 .
Vermicompost NPK 16.
16 Fertilizer .
/plo.
Mean /plo.
N0 .
N1 .
N2 .
N3 .
K0 .
5,10 l 5,40 kl 5,57 jkl 5,83 ijkl 5,48 d K1 .
6,10 ijk 6,33 hijk 6,53 ghi 6,50 hij 6,37 c K2 .
6,97 gh 7,33 g 8,93 f 10,20 e 8,36 b K3 .
10,97 d 12,03 c 14,13 ab 14,23 a 12,84 a Mean 7,29c 7,77b 8,82a 9,17b CV= 3,20 % Tukey T & N =0,36 Tukey TN=1,0 Numbers in columns followed by the same lowercase letters are not significantly different according to the BNJ follow-up test at the 5% level.
Based on the data in Table 3 shows that the interaction between the vermicompost fertilizer treatment and NPK 16.
16 had a real influence on the number of bulbs per cluster of shallots, where the highest number of Siregar et.
Juatika Vol.
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tubers per cluster was found in the phosphorus (P), potassium (K), treatment of vermicompost 600 g/plot magnesium (M.
, and calcium (C.
and NPK 16.
16 fertilizer 30 g / plot Additionally, it contains Azotobacter (K3N.
, namely: 14.
23 tubers, this sp, a non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing treatment was not significantly different bacteria that aids in enriching the from the K3N2 treatment.
Still, it was necessary nitrogen elements required significantly different from the other by plants (Krishnawati, 2.
According to Mulyadi .
The lowest number of tubers was macro elements, particularly nitrogen produced by a combination of (N), contribute to the growth of plants.
treatment without vermicompost and Phosphorus (P) plays a crucial role in NPK 16.
16 (K0N.
with several root formation, strengthening plant stems, and increasing crop yields.
Munawar's .
Furthermore, (K) Nutrient availability and improved soil beneficial in fortifying the overall plant properties are critical for taller plants' structure preventing premature leaf, clump and root growth.
This is flower, and fruit drop.
because bulbs produce onions that 4 Tuber Weight Per Bulb .
The results of observing the enlargement as a reservoir for weight of tubers per tuber after photosynthetic carbohydrates.
Shallots carrying out an analysis of variance are made from the roots of the lumps showed that the interaction and main that appear because, generally, each effects of vermicompost fertilizer and lump produces a bulb with 3-5 shallots.
NPK 16.
16 were significant on the Vermicompost is composed of weight of tubers per tuber.
The results various essential components for plant of the Honestly Significant Difference These include hormones like Test (BNJ) at the 5% level are shown gibberellin, cytokinin, and auxin, as in Table 4.
well as nutrients such as nitrogen (N).
Table 4.
Average bulb weight per shallot bulb treated with vermicompost and NPK fertilizer 16:16:16 .
Vermicompost NPK 16.
16 Fertilizer .
/plo.
Mean /plo.
N0 .
N1 .
N2 .
N3 .
K0 .
3,03 f 3,38 cde 3,50 abcd 3,28 def 3,45 b K1 .
3,35 cde 3,14 ef 3,28 def 3,65 abc 3,20 c K2 .
3,42 bcde 3,62 abc 3,77 a 3,75 a 3,64 a K3 .
3,51 abcd 3,52 abcd 3,70 ab 3,78 a 3,63 a Mean 3,45 ab 3,42 b 3,53 ab 3,53a CV = 15,60 % Tukey T & N = 0,54 Tukey TN= 1,48 Numbers in columns followed by the same lowercase letters are not significantly different according to the BNJ follow-up test at the 5% level.
Based presented in Table 4.
it is evident that the combination of vermicompost fertilizer treatment and NPK 16.
significantly impacted the weight of tubers per shallot bulb.
The treatment with the highest tuber weight per tuber was observed in the vermicompost 600 g/plot and NPK 16.
16 30 g/plot (K3N.
treatment, weighing 3.
7 g.
This treatment did not show a significant difference compared to the K3N2.
K2N3.
K2N2.
K2N1.
and K1N3 treatments, but it differed from the Siregar et.
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other treatments.
photosynthesis to be transferred to On the other hand, the lowest productive organs, especially for the tuber weight per tuber was obtained formation of cilia.
Rosema and Narshi .
suggested that root potassium vermicompost fertilizer and NPK plays a role in absorbing nutrients and 16 (K0N.
, with a tuber weight water, which increases metabolism.
03 tubers.
Indrani .
suggested good N.
According to Masnur .
, and K nutrition, increasing fresh vermicompost offers the advantage of onions' weight.
providing essential nutrients for plants, including N.
Ca.
Mg.
Fe.
Mn, 5 Wet Tuber Weight Per Clump .
AL.
Na.
Cu.
Zn.
Bo, and Mo.
Observing the wet tuber weight depending on the materials used.
per household after analysis of Additionally, vermicompost acts as a variance showed that the interaction nutrient source for soil microbes, and main effect of vermicompost promoting their growth and enhancing fertilizer and NPK 16.
16 was the decomposition of organic matter.
significant on the wet tuber weight per According to Lactin .
, the The results of the Honestly element potassium plays a role in Significant Difference Test (BNJ) at the increasing photosynthetic activity, 5% level are shown in Table 5.
which allows the collection of Table 5.
Average wet tuber weight per cluster of shallot plants treated with vermicompost and NPK fertilizer 16:16:16 .
Vermicompost NPK 16.
16 Fertilizer .
/plo.
Mean /plo.
N0 .
N1 .
N2 .
N3 .
K0 .
33,49 h 36,36 h 38,44 gh 39,16 fgh 36,86 d K1 .
38,28 fgh 41,75 fgh 44,99 efg 47,33 ef 43,09 c K2 .
42,58 efg 46,71 efg 53,27 de 58,39 d 50,24 b K3 .
70,00 c 86,28 b 94,24 ab 96,75 a 86,82 a Mean 46,09 c 54,278 b 58,36 a 59,78 a CV= 5,20 % Tukey T & N = 3.
Tukey TN=8.
Numbers in columns followed by the same lowercase letters are not significantly different according to the BNJ follow-up test at the 5% level.
According to the data presented in Table 5.
it is evident that the interaction between vermicompost and NPK 16.
16 fertilizer treatments had a significant impact on the wet bulb weight per cluster of shallots.
The highest weight per tuber was observed in the 600 g/plot vermicompost fertilizer and NPK 16.
16 fertilizer.
30 g/plot (K3N.
treatment, explicitly 75 g.
This treatment did not show a significant difference compared to the K3N2 treatment but did differ from the other treatments.
On the other hand, the lowest tuber weight per tuber was recorded in the combination of treatment without vermicompost and NPK 16.
(K0N.
, with a wet tuber weight per cluster of 33.
49 g.
According to Lingga .
, the metabolic processes of plants are greatly influenced by the availability of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, during both the vegetative and generative growth phases.
In addition, vermicompost can potentially enhance soil's chemical It can enhance the soil's capacity to absorb cations, serving as a valuable source of macro Siregar et.
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and micronutrients.
Furthermore, it can also elevate the pH levels in acidic The utilization of vermicompost is 6 Dry Tuber Weight Per Clump .
anticipated to decrease the reliance on Observing the weight of dry chemical fertilizers while promoting tubers per house after carrying out an organic fertilizers.
This, in turn, will analysis of variance showed that the contribute to reducing environmental interaction and primary effect of pollution (Luh, 2.
vermicompost fertilizer and NPK Adequate nitrogen content plays 16 was significant on the weight a crucial role in stimulating plant of dry tubers per house.
The results of growth, producing a more significant the Honestly Significant Difference number of tubers.
This is because the Test (BNJ) at the 5% level are shown fertility of plants directly impacts the in Table 6.
quantity of tubers they yield (Wahyu.
Table 6.
Average dry tuber weight per cluster of shallot plants with the influence of vermicompost fertilizer and NPK fertilizer 16:16:16 .
Vermicompost NPK 16.
16 Fertilizer .
/plo.
Mean /plo.
N0 .
N1 .
N2 .
N3 .
K0 .
26,28 i 26,50 gh 29,17 hi 32,24 hi 28,55 d K1 .
34,69 hi 37,07 gh 42,33 fg 44,98 ef 39,77 c K2 .
47,80 ef 52,93 de 62,87 bc 63,50 ab 56,78 b K3 .
67,13 cd 67,91 bc 73,34 a 77,76 a 71,54 a Mean 43,98 d 46,10 c 53,03 b 53,52 a CV= 6.
Tukey T & N = 2.
Tukey TN=8.
Numbers in columns followed by the same lowercase letters are not significantly different according to the BNJ follow-up test at the 5% level.
Based on the data in Table 6.
shows that the interaction between the vermicompost fertilizer treatment and NPK 16.
16 had a real influence on the dry tuber weight per cluster of shallots, where the highest tuber weight per tuber was found in the 600 vermicompost/plot NPK 16 fertilizer treatment.
30 g/plot (K3N.
, namely: 77.
76 g.
This treatment is not significantly different from the K3N2 and K2N2 treatments but differs from other treatments.
The lowest dry bulb weight per cluster of shallots was produced by a combination of treatment without vermicompost and NPK 16.
(K0N.
with a wet bulb weight per cluster of 26.
The vermicompost fertilizer and NPK 16 fertilizer can improve the soil, and potassium elements make dry material filler so that the tubers produced are high enough.
Vermicompost contains macro and Vermicompost usually (N) phosphorus (P) 0.
35%, potassium (K) 2%, calcium (C.
23%, manganese (M.
003%, magnesium (M.
copper (C.
58%, zinc (Z.
007%, iron (F.
79%, molybdenum (M.
48%, organic matter 0.
CEC 35.
80 me%, water holding 23% and humic acid 88% (Mulat, 2.
When converted to an area of 1 ha, the research results show that the weight of dry tubers obtained from treatment with K3N3 is approximately equivalent to the description of 21 tons/ha.
In contrast, the average yield of the shallot variety of 9.
7 tons/ha Siregar et.
Bima Brebes exceeds the production in the same way because rich compost and NPK 16.
16 fertilizer can meet the nutritional needs of shallots during their growth.
As demonstrated by Sudrajat et al.
, the dry tuber weight represents the quantity of dry substance accumulated during the growth process.
It is worth noting that approximately 90% of the plant's dry matter is attributed to photosynthesis.
By evaluating the growth analysis regarding dry tuber weight, one can assess the plant's ability to perform Moreover, plant dry weight serves as a reliable indicator to determine the growth of seeds, as it effectively describes the efficiency of plant physiological processes.
CONCLUSION
The application of vermicompost fertilizer in combination with NPK 16 fertilizer has a notable impact on various aspects of plant growth and tuber production.
These include plant height, harvest age, the number of tubers per cluster, the number of tubers per tuber, and the wet and dry tuber weights per The treatment involves using 600 g/plot of vermicompost fertilizer and 30 g/plot of NPK fertilizer (K3N.
The utilization of vermicompost fertilizer significantly influences plant height, harvest age, the number of tubers per hill, the number of tubers per tuber, and the wet and dry tuber weights per The optimal treatment involves applying 600 g/plot of vermicompost fertilizer (K.
The application of NPK 16.
fertilizer has a notable impact on plant height, harvest age, the number of tubers per hill, the number of tubers per tuber, and the wet and dry tuber weights per Juatika Vol.
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The treatment involves 30 g/plot of NPK fertilizer (N.
REFERENCE