INFOKUM
Volume 13.
Number 06, 2025.
DOI 10.
58471/infokum.
ESSN 2722-4635 (Onlin.
https://infor.
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php/infokum Comparative Analysis of Solar Power Plants Using Direct Sunlight and Glass Reflected Light Muhammad Renaldy1.
Rahmaniar2.
Parlin Siagian3
1,2,3
Fakultas Sains Dan Teknologi Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi Medan.
Indonesia Article Info Keywords:
Reflector.
Solar Panel.
Glass.
Sunlight This is an open access article under the CC BY-NClicense ABSTRACT Indonesia has the potential for new and renewable energy (EBT), including solar energy as a source of power generation.
Energy efficiency can be defined as the ratio between the electrical power generated and the input power received.
Low efficiency impacts the electrical power output of solar modules.
This underlies the use of Solar Power Plants (PLTS) as a new and renewable electrical energy source to replace fossil fuels that have limited quantities and pollute the environment.
Solar cells as PLTS units have the constraint of insufficient output power and are highly dependent on natural conditions.
One method of optimizing solar cells is by using sunlight-reflecting glass .
Sunlight is a renewable energy source that can be utilized as a new power generator.
However, in the process, certain additions are required to the solar cell module to optimize the output voltage produced.
Efforts to optimize electrical output in solar modules by maximizing the intensity of light falling on the surface of the solar module by using direct sunlight.
The results obtained are in the form of a comparison.
Corresponding Author:
Muhammad Renaldy Fakultas Sains Dan Teknologi Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi Medan.
Indonesia aldibojes00@gmail.
INTRODUCTION
Electrical energy has become a primary need for society and this need will continue in the future, this is due to the use of increasingly modern household appliances that require electrical energy sources.
The need for such a large amount of electrical energy is not comparable to the availability of power generation energy sources, especially those derived from conventional energy sources.
Conventional electrical energy sources come from fossil fuels whose supplies are decreasing day by day and require a long period of time to regenerate their energy.
The use of fossil fuels is the largest source of pollution that has an impact on global warming.
Based on these conditions, human creativity is needed to find environmentally friendly renewable energy sources that can support the supply of electrical energy sustainably.
One natural energy that can be utilized as electrical energy is sunlight or solar energy by building solar power plants or hereinafter referred to as Solar Power Plants (PLTS).
In the current era.
Solar Power Plants (PLTS) are very commonly used both in big cities and in rural areas as a primary or backup energy provider.
However, in this study, a 200WP Solar Power Plant (PLTS) system will be analyzed which will be tested using additional Comparative Analysis of Solar Power Plants Using Direct Sunlight and Glass Reflected LightAeMuhammad Renaldy et.
1946 | P a g e
INFOKUM
Volume 13.
Number 06, 2025.
DOI 10.
58471/infokum.
ESSN 2722-4635 (Onlin.
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php/infokum reflectors in the form of mirror glass.
The Solar Power Plant (PLTS) data that will be analyzed can later be used for learning or research purposes by students of the Panca Budi Development University Medan or can be developed later into further projects.
The purpose of this study is to determine the difference in input power values using reflectors and without Knowing the comparison of input voltage and current values on PLTS using reflectors and without using reflectors.
Basetheory Renewable energy is a source of energy found in nature .
ater, sun, air, and eart.
that can be directly and freely utilized in relatively large quantities to produce ready-to-use energy such as electricity.
New and renewable energy plays a crucial role in meeting energy needs.
This is because the long-term use of conventional fuels for power generation will deplete the dwindling resources of oil, gas, and coal and can also cause environmental pollution.
Solar Cell (Solar Pane.
Solar Cell or also called cellphotovoltaicwill be increasingly in demand because it can be used for various relevant needs and in various places such as offices, factories, housing, and others.
The formula for electrical power is as follows:
P (Wat.
= V (Vol.
x I (A) .
Installation of Solar Power Plants (PLTS) requires planning regarding power Solar Power Plant (PLTS) Solar Power Plants (PLTS) are power plants that utilize sunlight through solar panels .
to convert solar photon radiation into electrical energy.
Solar Power Plants (PLTS) are a renewable energy source, where sunlight is an inexhaustible source of energy, in addition PLTS is an environmentally friendly power plant because there are no rotating parts, does not produce noise, and does not emit exhaust gases or waste.
Solar Cell Modules .
are the main components used to convert solar energy into DC electrical These photovoltaic cells can be arranged in series to increase the output voltage, parallel to increase the output current or a combination of both, namely series-parallel.
Picture 1.
Solar Cell Solar Charge Controller (SCC) Solar Charger Controller (SCC) or also called Battery charging control is an electronic device that functions to regulate the current entering the battery from the solar panel module so that battery charging runs optimally, without undercharging or overcharging.
To obtain the Comparative Analysis of Solar Power Plants Using Direct Sunlight and Glass Reflected LightAeMuhammad Renaldy et.
1947 | P a g e
INFOKUM
Volume 13.
Number 06, 2025.
DOI 10.
58471/infokum.
ESSN 2722-4635 (Onlin.
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php/infokum maximum output power level from the Solar Panel module, a system algorithm is needed that functions to maximize the work of the Solar Panel module to reach its optimal working point.
In general, the Solar Charger Controller (SCC) has six pins, where each pin has its own function or path, which can be seen in the image below:
Battery Picture 2.
Solar Charge Control (SCC) Picture 3.
Battery Batteries play a role as a medium for storing electrical energy from several alternative energies and to supply electric current when the system is working, therefore the use of batteries is very important to provide a reliable and sustainable energy supply for a relatively long time.
Batteries consist of two types, namely primary and secondary batteries.
In this study, secondary batteries are used, consisting of lead-acid battery types, namely FLA (Flooded Lead Aci.
and VRLA (Valve Regulated Lead Aci.
batteries and lithium battery types, namely LifePO4 (Lithium Iron Phosphat.
batteries, where these three types of batteries are widely applied as a medium for storing electrical energy from several new and renewable energies.
Mirror Mirror glassA flat mirror functions as a light reflector because it has a flat surface and is coated with a highly reflective metal layer .
sually silver or aluminu.
Light that hits a flat mirror will be reflected back regularly, following the law of reflection which states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
This reflection produces an image that is the same size, virtual .
ot rea.
, and upright, just like the image we see when looking in a Comparative Analysis of Solar Power Plants Using Direct Sunlight and Glass Reflected LightAeMuhammad Renaldy et.
1948 | P a g e
INFOKUM
Volume 13.
Number 06, 2025.
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Mirror Glass Watt Meter Picture 5.
Watt Meter WattmeterBasically, it is a combination of two measuring instruments, namely an Ammeter and a Voltmeter.
Therefore, a Wattmeter consists of a current coil .
ixed coi.
and a voltage coil .
otating coi.
, so that the installation is also the same, namely the current coil is installed in series with the load and the voltage coil is installed in parallel with the voltage Solar Power Plant Design The design of a solar power plant is very simple, requiring only a few components required in a solar power plant circuit.
The following is a solar power plant design diagram:
(A)
(B)
Picture 6 Block Diagram of Solar Panel (A) Circuit Using Reflector (B) Circuit Without Reflector Comparative Analysis of Solar Power Plants Using Direct Sunlight and Glass Reflected LightAeMuhammad Renaldy et.
1949 | P a g e
INFOKUM
Volume 13.
Number 06, 2025.
DOI 10.
58471/infokum.
ESSN 2722-4635 (Onlin.
https://infor.
org/index.
php/infokum The solar panel block diagram above shows a design explaining how to design a solar power system circuit with a reflector.
A photovoltaic solar power system operates based on the absorption of solar energy generated by the solar cells themselves.
RESEARCH METHODS
In this study, data collection was conducted using direct measurement methods.
The data collected included voltage, current, power, and air temperature.
The data were obtained by conducting direct measurements three times daily for seven days.
Time and place of research The location of this research was carried out at the Electrical Laboratory of Panca Budi Development University Medan.
Jl.
Jend.
Gatot Subroto Km.
5 Sei Sikambing 20122 Medan City.
The time of data collection .
took place in April.
Table1Tools.
Materials and Specifications Tool Name Tool Specifications Tool Capacity Maximum power (Pma.
Maximum current (Im.
Solar Cell Maximum voltage (Vm.
Short circuit voltage (Vo.
44 V Short circuit current (Is.
Lifepo4 battery Voltage Current 100 Ah Rated power Inverter Output waveform Pure Sine Wave Output voltage 220V/230A5V Harmonic distortion < 3% (Impedance loa.
Output frequency 50 Hz Standby current <0.
9A <0.
Conversion efficiency Rated voltage 12V 24V
System Voltage 24V/36V/48V (AUTO) Rated Current
SCC
Max PV Voltage Max Power V), 3120 .
Glass Reflector Size 50 cm x 40 cm Comparative Analysis of Solar Power Plants Using Direct Sunlight and Glass Reflected LightAeMuhammad Renaldy et.
1950 | P a g e
INFOKUM
Volume 13.
Number 06, 2025.
DOI 10.
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php/infokum Finished A Textbook A Journal Literature Study Making a series of solar power plants Data collection A A A A Voltage Air temperature Current Power Calculating Input and Output Power on a Solar Power Plant using a reflector and without using a reflector Analysis of Calculations and Measurements in Circuits Data Obtained From Measurements YES Conclusion Finishe Figure 7.
Research Flowchart
RESULTS
Current and voltage tests conducted on solar power plants using and without reflectors were conducted at the same time and using the same equipment to determine the power generated by the solar cells.
Several factors influenced the results of this study, including weather conditions and solar panel temperature.
Comparative Analysis of Solar Power Plants Using Direct Sunlight and Glass Reflected LightAeMuhammad Renaldy et.
1951 | P a g e
INFOKUM
Volume 13.
Number 06, 2025.
DOI 10.
58471/infokum.
ESSN 2722-4635 (Onlin.
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php/infokum Table2.
Current and Voltage Test Results Data on Solar Panels Using Reflectors Day/Date Monday / April 14.
Tuesday / April 15.
Wednesday / April 16.
Thursday / April 17.
Friday / April 18.
Saturday / April 19.
Monday / April 21.
Weather Tempera Review Time Corner V Solar Panel (Vol.
I Solar Panel (Amper.
P Solar Panel (Wat.
Table 2 shows data from a 7-day study of solar power plants using reflectors.
Data were collected three times daily at 11:00, 1:00, and 3:00 PM.
The data collected included air temperature, solar panel tilt, voltage, current, and power from the solar power plant.
For example, on day 1 at 11.
00 the author obtained data in the form of an air temperature of 320, the PLTS using a reflector produced a voltage of 18.
80 V, a current of 1.
86 A and a power of 96 W.
Next, the data was calculated to find the average value of the data using the following method:
Average Current and Voltage Values in Solar Power Plants Using Reflectors Average value of Vpanel= V Average Average value Ipanel= I Average Vtotal
392,52
18,69 V
Itotal
38,94
1,85 A
Average Power Value Comparative Analysis of Solar Power Plants Using Direct Sunlight and Glass Reflected LightAeMuhammad Renaldy et.
1952 | P a g e
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php/infokum P Average = Ptotal
728,79
P Average = 34,56 watt Table3.
Current and Voltage Test Results Data on Solar Panels Without Using a Reflector Day/Date Monday / April 14.
Tuesday / April 15.
Wednesday / April 16.
Thursday / April 17.
Friday / April 18.
Saturday / April 19.
Monday / April 21.
Weather Tempera Review Time Corner V Solar Panel (Vol.
I Solar Panel (Amper.
P Solar Panel (Wat.
Table 3 shows data from a 7-day study of solar power plants using reflectors.
Data were collected three times daily at 11:00, 1:00, and 3:00 PM.
The data collected included air temperature, solar panel tilt, voltage, current, and power from the solar power plant.
For example, on day 1 at 11.
00 the author obtained data in the form of an air temperature of 310, the PLTS using a reflector produced a voltage of 17.
61 V, a current of 1.
73 A and a power of 46 W.
Next, the data was calculated to find the average value of the data using the following method:
Average Current and Voltage Values at tT Reflector Solar Power Plant
Average value of Vpanel= V Average Vtotal
365,40
17,40 V
Comparative Analysis of Solar Power Plants Using Direct Sunlight and Glass Reflected LightAeMuhammad Renaldy et.
1953 | P a g e
INFOKUM
Volume 13.
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58471/infokum.
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php/infokum Average value Ipanel= Itotal
35,95
I Average = 1,71 A Average Power Value P Average = Ptotal
626,44
P Average = 29,83 Watt Research Data on Current and Voltage in Batteries Table4.
Research Data on Batteries Using and Without Reflectors Time Day / Date Monday / April 14.
Tuesday / April 15.
Wednesday / April 16.
Thursday / April 17.
Friday / April 18.
Saturday / April 19.
Monday / April 21.
Weather Temperature Using a Reflector Review Time Battery Without using a V battery I Battery The table shows data from the results of battery research sourced from solar power plants using reflectors and without reflectors for 7 days, with data collection carried out three times each day at 11:00, 1:00, and 15:00.
The data collected included air temperature, solar panel tilt, voltage, current, and battery power.
Comparative Analysis of Solar Power Plants Using Direct Sunlight and Glass Reflected LightAeMuhammad Renaldy et.
1954 | P a g e
INFOKUM
Volume 13.
Number 06, 2025.
DOI 10.
58471/infokum.
ESSN 2722-4635 (Onlin.
https://infor.
org/index.
php/infokum For example, on the 1st day at 13.
00 the author obtained data in the form of an air temperature of 320, the battery sourced from the PLTS using a reflector produced a voltage 38 V, a current of 1.
53 A, while the battery sourced from the PLTS not using a reflector produced a voltage of 14.
28 V and a voltage of 1.
38 A.
Next, the data was calculated to find the battery efficiency from the data using the following method:
Output and Input Power Difference Values Using a Reflector Efficiency value on the first day at 11.
ycuycycycyycyc yuC = ycnycuycyycyc x 100% yuC = 34,96 x 100% yuC = 69,2 Efficiency value on the first day at 15.
ycuycycycyycyc yuC = ycnycuycyycyc x 100% yuC= x 100% 31,09 yuC = 68,2 Difference between Output and Input Power Without Using a Reflector Efficiency value on the first day at 11.
ycuycycycyycyc yuC = ycnycuycyycyc x 100% yuC = 30,46 x 100% = 67,03 Efficiency value on the first day at 15.
ycuycycycyycyc yuC = ycnycuycyycyc x 100% yuC = 26,77 x 100% yuC = 66,07 CONCLUSION Based on the discussion of the research results, several things can be concluded as follows.
The average output power produced by the PLTS without using a reflector in 7 days of the experiment was 29.
83 watts and using a reflector could reach 34.
56 watts.
This shows that the output power produced using a reflector is greater than without using a reflector.
The difference in output power produced in this study is clearly visible in the data presented in the The data above shows a difference in power produced by solar power plants using and without reflectors of 4.
73 watts.
Comparative Analysis of Solar Power Plants Using Direct Sunlight and Glass Reflected LightAeMuhammad Renaldy et.
1955 | P a g e
INFOKUM
Volume 13.
Number 06, 2025.
DOI 10.
58471/infokum.
ESSN 2722-4635 (Onlin.
https://infor.
org/index.
php/infokum REFERENCES