JSPM
Nur Alamsyah Putra & Sukri .
Security Policy Analysis: A Study of The BNPT Deradicalisation Policy Towards Former Terrorists in The City of Makassar.
Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Malikussaleh (JSPM), 7 .
Hal.
Januari-Juni 2026.
DOI.
29103/jspm.
SECURITY POLICY ANALYSIS: A STUDY OF THE BNPT'S DERADICALISATION
POLICY TOWARDS FORMER TERRORISTS IN THE CITY OF MAKASSAR
Nur Alamsyah Putra.
Sukri.
Department of Political Science.
Universitas Hasanuddin.
Makassar-Indonesia *Corresponding Author: alamaztra@gmail.
ABSTRACT
This study aims to analyse the implementation of deradicalisation policies carried out by the National Counterterrorism Agency (BNPT) on former terrorist convicts in Makassar City.
Using a qualitative approach and descriptive design, data was collected through in-depth interviews with key informants, including the BNPT team, former terrorist convicts, and other relevant institutions.
The findings show that the BNPT's deradicalisation policy is implemented in three main stages, namely national insight, religious insight, moderation, and entrepreneurship.
The entrepreneurship programme is at the core of this policy, with the aim of increasing the economic independence of ex-terrorists after their release from prison.
In addition, this study found significant challenges in terms of coordination between the institutions involved, budget constraints, and social acceptance of the ex-terrorists.
Nevertheless, the deradicalisation programme has succeeded in reducing the potential for ex-terrorists to re-engage in radicalisation, especially with the support of the local community.
Based on these findings, it is recommended to strengthen regional regulations and improve coordination between relevant institutions in order to improve the effectiveness of deradicalisation policies in the future.
Keywords: Deradicalisation.
BNPT.
Former Terrorists.
Policy Implementation.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi kebijakan deradikalisasi yang dilaksanakan oleh Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme (BNPT) terhadap eks napiter di Kota Makassar.
Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan desain deskriptif, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan informan kunci yang meliputi tim BNPT, eks napiter, serta lembaga terkait lainnya.
Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan deradikalisasi BNPT diterapkan dalam tiga tahapan utama, yaitu wawasan kebangsaan, wawasan keagamaan, moderat, dan Program kewirausahaan menjadi inti dari kebijakan ini dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kemandirian ekonomi eks napiter setelah bebas dari penjara.
Selain itu, penelitian ini menemukan tantangan yang signifikan dalam hal koordinasi antar lembaga yang terlibat, pembatasan anggaran, dan penerimaan sosial terhadap eksploratif.
Meskipun demikian, program deradikalisasi berhasil mengurangi potensi eks napiter untuk kembali terlibat dalam radikalisasi, terutama dengan dukungan masyarakat lokal.
Berdasarkan temuan ini, disarankan untuk memperkuat regulasi daerah dan meningkatkan koordinasi antar lembaga terkait guna memperbaiki efektivitas kebijakan deradikalisasi di masa depan.
Kata kunci: Deradikalisasi.
BNPT.
Eks Napiter.
Implementasi Kebijakan.
INTRODUCTION
The phenomenon of radicalisation leading to terrorism has become a serious challenge in Indonesia, with widespread impacts not only on national security but also on social and political stability (Ashraff, 2023.
Lubis, 2.
In the aftermath of terrorist attacks, such as the Bali bombings and other acts of terror.
Indonesia has faced recurring problems in countering terrorism, particularly in relation to the reintegration of former terrorism convicts into society (Astuti, 2024.
Kurniawan, 2022.
Nahdhodin.
Sudarmanto.
Triwati, & Arifin, 2.
The persistence of this radicalisation threat is reflected in the return of former terrorist convicts to terrorist networks, which is a major problem in counter-terrorism efforts.
To that end, the National Counterterrorism Agency (BNPT) has formulated a deradicalisation policy aimed at guiding former terrorist convicts so that they can be accepted back into society and distanced from radical ideology (Restiana.
Susila, & Rofieq, 2021.
However, despite the BNPT launching various deradicalisation programmes, significant challenges remain in their implementation, such as difficulties in fostering moderate attitudes among ex-terrorists, economic integration through entrepreneurship, and community acceptance of them after their return to their social environment.
This study focuses on the BNPT's deradicalisation policy towards exterrorists in Makassar City, with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of the programme in reducing the potential for re-radicalisation.
Various studies have examined the deradicalisation policies implemented by the National Counterterrorism Agency (BNPT) with various approaches and challenges faced in their The study "(Restiana.
Susila, & Rofieq, 2021.
identifies that the BNPT's deradicalisation programme consists of several stages, such as rehabilitation, re-education, resocialisation, and guidance on nationalism, moderate religion, and entrepreneurship, which are carried out using a "soft approach.
"This study shows that although this policy is designed to reduce radicalisation, the main challenge lies in the return of ex-terrorists to terrorist networks, which requires further evaluation of the programme's effectiveness.
In addition, the study (Syahputra & Sukabdi, 2.
on the deradicalisation case of MW alias WG reveals that the involvement of TNI officials, especially Babinsa, in the guidance process is very important, although its implementation is still hampered by suboptimal regulations.
In this case, the involvement of local officials such as Babinsa provides a new dimension to the deradicalisation approach, demonstrating the importance of inter-agency synergy in preventing radicalisation.
298 | Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Malikussaleh (JSPM) Volume 7 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026 Furthermore.
Damayani's research .
on the synergy between Bhabinkamtibmas and former terrorist convicts in Poso Regency shows that the role of the police in establishing communication with former terrorist convicts through direct approaches and the provision of social assistance, such as business capital or job facilitation, can support the social reintegration This research emphasises the importance of collaboration between security forces and the community in supporting successful deradicalisation.
On the other hand.
Zuhri.
offers a political perspective in his analysis of deradicalisation policies, focusing on the extent to which these programmes are able to change individuals' political spectrum from radical to non-radical.
However, he found that the results of BNPT's deradicalisation were insignificant in changing the political spectrum of the targets.
(Mardlatillah & Hidayat, 2.
also examined the role of local government in deradicalisation efforts, particularly in the city of Semarang, identifying obstacles in implementation, such as ideological differences, lack of budget, and social stigma against former terrorist convicts.
All of these studies show that although the BNPT's deradicalisation policy has various stages and approaches, the challenges faced, both in terms of inter-agency coordination, budget, and public acceptance, remain a major problem in achieving effective This study focuses on evaluating the BNPT's deradicalisation policy in the city of Makassar, examining the more specific and dynamic aspects of the policy's implementation, as well as the challenges that arise at the local level.
Although there have been various studies on deradicalisation in Indonesia, this study offers a new perspective by examining how the BNPT's deradicalisation programme is implemented in Makassar, looking at the involvement of various parties, and its impact on the social acceptance of ex-terrorists and the sustainability of their Although previous studies have examined the BNPT's deradicalisation policy, there is still a gap in understanding the local implementation of this policy, particularly regarding the role of local government and the community in the success of this programme.
Many studies have focused more on the national level or limited case studies, while few have explored the dynamics of BNPT policy implementation in Makassar City specifically.
This study also adds novelty by focusing on the relationship between deradicalisation, entrepreneurship as the core of the programme, and the challenges of social acceptance from the local community, which have received little attention in the existing literature.
This study aims to analyse the BNPT's deradicalisation policy for ex-terrorists in Makassar City, focusing on the effectiveness of the programme stages, including the 299 | Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Malikussaleh (JSPM) Volume 7 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026 development of national awareness, moderate religious views, and entrepreneurship.
Through qualitative analysis, this study will explore the challenges faced by the BNPT in its efforts to socially reintegrate ex-terrorists, as well as the role of local government and the community in supporting or hindering this process.
The main argument of this study is that the success of the BNPT's deradicalisation programme depends not only on the intervention of the central government, but also on the active involvement of local actors, such as local government, security forces, and the community, in supporting the reintegration of ex-terrorists into a more harmonious social life.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Research on deradicalisation in Indonesia has developed rapidly, with many approaches and models being tested to address the issues of radicalisation and terrorism.
One of the main efforts undertaken by the Indonesian government in dealing with this threat is through a deradicalisation programme run by the National Counterterrorism Agency (BNPT).
(Restiana et , 2021.
identified that BNPT deradicalisation consists of four main stages: identification, rehabilitation, re-education, and resocialisation.
This approach uses a "soft approach" concept to foster former terrorist convicts through guidance on nationalism, religious moderation, and However, they also note that although this programme has been running since 2010, many former terrorist convicts have re-engaged in terrorist networks, indicating that the main challenges lie in the sustainability and effectiveness of its implementation.
In this regard, research by (Syahputra & Sukabdi, 2.
adds insight by exploring the role of the Indonesian National Army (TNI) in deradicalisation assistance.
They reveal that the involvement of Babinsa (Village Guidance Officer.
in deradicalisation activities offers great potential, although its implementation is still constrained by regulations that are not yet fully Another study by the Indonesian National Police ((Damayani, 2.
focuses on the role of Bhabinkamtibmas in deradicalisation in Poso Regency.
The results of this study show the importance of the role of the police at the village level in interacting directly with former terrorist convicts through social approaches and assistance in various aspects of life, such as providing capital and employment facilities.
This approach aims to help former terrorist detainees reintegrate into society and prevent them from returning to terrorist groups.
Zuhri .
provides additional perspective by evaluating the impact of deradicalisation programmes in the context of the political spectrum.
He found that although the National Counterterrorism Agency (BNPT) focuses on the ideological change of former terrorist 300 | Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Malikussaleh (JSPM) Volume 7 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026 convicts, the programme has not been able to significantly change the political spectrum of individuals, which can cause difficulties in their reintegration into society.
Meanwhile, (Mardlatillah & Hidayat, 2.
highlights the role of local governments in supporting deradicalisation through guidance, training, and economic empowerment.
However, they note that budgetary issues and a lack of local regulations are obstacles to the implementation of these (Indrawan & Aji, 2.
and Probowati.
show that although deradicalisation programmes in correctional institutions .
have succeeded in reducing the level of radicalisation among terrorist prisoners, major challenges remain in social reintegration, where ex-terrorist prisoners often face stigmatisation by the community.
This creates major obstacles in their reintegration process.
Safira.
reveals that other obstacles include a lack of budget for the implementation of outreach programmes and early detection of radical groups.
In response to these challenges.
Adi.
offered an innovative approach using literacy as part of the deradicalisation programme.
The Rumah Daulat Buku (Rudalk.
programme was proposed as an alternative to enrich the BNPT's deradicalisation approach, with the aim of reducing the risk of ex-terrorist inmates returning to terrorist networks through a sustainable educational approach.
Meanwhile, (Pattiwaellapia.
Priyanto, & Syauqillah, 2.
emphasises the importance of social reintegration in deradicalisation, but also identifies problems in existing deradicalisation models, which still fail to address the root causes of radicalisation.
(Haqiqi.
Lailin, & Ningsih, 2.
provides deeper insights into persuasive communication strategies in the social reintegration of former terrorist convicts in Mojokerto through the Mojokerto Moderation House (RMM) programme.
This research highlights the importance of psychodynamic, sociocultural, and meaning-construction approaches in helping former terrorist convicts change their ideological views and supporting their reintegration into Overall, the existing literature indicates that although various approaches have been tried in deradicalisation programmes, both by the BNPT and other institutions, significant challenges remain regarding sustainability, effectiveness, and coordination between various institutions.
More creative and sustainable approaches, such as literacy programmes and persuasive communication, may fill the gaps in existing approaches, enabling former terrorist detainees to truly reintegrate into society in a more moderate and productive manner.
301 | Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Malikussaleh (JSPM) Volume 7 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026
RESEARCH METHODS
This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive design to understand the phenomenon of deradicalisation policies implemented by the National Counterterrorism Agency (BNPT) towards ex-terrorists in Makassar City.
A qualitative approach was chosen because this study aims to explore in depth the perspectives of individuals directly involved in the implementation of these policies (Kusumajanti.
Syarifuddin.
Sanulita, & Gopur, 2.
descriptive design was used to depict the conditions on the ground, particularly regarding the implementation of the deradicalisation programme, the challenges faced, and its impact on former terrorist detainees and social stability in Makassar City.
Through this approach, the study aims to provide a holistic picture of the successes and obstacles in the deradicalisation programme, as well as to explore the socio-political dynamics that influence this policy.
The main focus of this study is to explore the experiences and perspectives of key informants, such as members of the National Counterterrorism Agency (BNPT), local government, religious leaders, and ex-terrorists who have participated in the The data sources in this study consist of two main categories: primary data and secondary data.
Primary data was obtained through in-depth interviews with a number of informants selected using purposive sampling techniques, based on their involvement in the BNPT's deradicalisation policy in Makassar City.
The informants in this study consisted of:
Table 1.
Research Informants Position BNPT Deradicalisation Team BNPT Team for South Sulawesi Region South Sulawesi Regional Office for Political.
Legal and Security Affairs South Sulawesi Terrorism Prevention Coordination Forum (FKPT) Religious Leaders Former Terrorist (Sikawarui Appa Sulapa Foundation [Kapal.
Makassa.
Source: Researcher Data Analysis.
Author 2025 In addition to interviews, this study also collected data through direct observation of deradicalisation activities carried out by the BNPT in Makassar City.
Observations were made to gain a deeper understanding of the dynamics in the field, such as the interaction between former terrorist convicts and the institutions involved, as well as the challenges that arose during the deradicalisation process.
Secondary data was obtained from literature studies covering policy documents.
BNPT reports, as well as scientific articles and previous studies related to 302 | Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Malikussaleh (JSPM) Volume 7 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026 The collected data was analysed using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques.
The first process in data analysis was data reduction, which involved selecting and sorting data relevant to the research objectives.
Data collected from interviews and observations were then categorised based on the main themes that emerged, such as the stages of deradicalisation, obstacles encountered in implementation, and the impact of deradicalisation policies on former terrorist convicts and society.
Furthermore, the reduced data was analysed in depth using thematic coding techniques.
This technique was used to find patterns, relationships, and meanings that emerged from the collected data, which were then organised into categories that described the existing phenomena.
The researchers identified central themes related to the development of national awareness, moderate religion, entrepreneurship, and the role of local government and the community in supporting the deradicalisation process.
The results of this analysis were used to develop a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of the BNPT's deradicalisation policy in Makassar City and its impact on ex-terrorists and socio-political stability in the region.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
As an integral part of this research, an analysis of interview data was conducted to gain an in-depth understanding of the informants' perspectives on the deradicalisation policies implemented by the National Counterterrorism Agency (BNPT) towards former terrorist convicts in Makassar City.
The following table presents a tabulation of interview data containing key statements from informants, consisting of the BNPT Deradicalisation Team, ex-terrorists involved in the deradicalisation programme, and other actors involved in the implementation of the programme.
This table provides a comprehensive overview of the dynamics and results achieved in the implementation of deradicalisation policies in the field.
Table 1.
Tabulation of Interview Data Informant Dr.
Ardi Prasetya
(BNPT)
Statements AuThe deradicalisation programme for former terrorist convicts is essentially implemented to continue the previous deradicalisation programme within prisons, so that the programme can be sustained.
Ay AuThe main focus of the programme is how former terrorist inmates can be fully reintegrated into society and eliminate the stigma of their past as Ay AuThe third stage, entrepreneurship, is designed to provide skills or vocational training and capital assistance for starting a business.
Ay 303 | Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Malikussaleh (JSPM) Volume 7 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026 Thematic Coding Philosophy of Deradicalisation Social Reintegration Entrepreneurship Muchtar Dg Lau (Former Terroris.
Junaidi Ramadhan (BNPT South Sulawesi Regio.
Dr.
Ardi Prasetya
(BNPT)
Muchtar Dg Lau (Former Terroris.
Dr.
Ardi Prasetya
(BNPT)
Muchtar Dg Lau (Former Terroris.
Dr.
Ardi Prasetya
(BNPT)
Muchtar Dg Lau (Former Terroris.
AuThe core of all BNPT deradicalisation programmes is entrepreneurship.
Ay "The entrepreneurship programme, as the core of the deradicalisation programme, has a concrete impact, particularly on the welfare and lives of former terrorist convicts after their release.
AuFormer entrepreneurship training must first pass the civic education and socialisation training programme.
Ay "BNPT is the national coordinator of the deradicalisation programme, which serves as the main foundation for the implementation of deradicalisation programmes for former terrorist convicts in the regions.
AuEach of these actors has different strengths and influences based on the capacity and capabilities of their respective institutions.
Ay "BNPT requires legitimacy as the coordinating agency for national deradicalisation and maintaining national stability, particularly in the field of terrorism prevention.
"The success of the deradicalisation programme is an important indicator to demonstrate BNPT's performance to the President, the House of Representatives, and the public.
"Most former terrorist convicts are willing to participate in the BNPT's deradicalisation "Former terrorist convicts who have participated in the deradicalisation programme understand their individual needs and are willing to abandon radical "The community's acceptance of the presence of former terrorist convicts is quite good, as most of them have pledged their allegiance to the Republic of Indonesia.
"BNPT should also provide guidance to the social environment of former terrorist convicts so that they understand and realise that former terrorist convicts have abandoned radical ideology.
AuThe economic conditions of ex-terrorists continue to improve.
There is no discrimination or stigma that is still felt.
Ay "Economic independence can increase, and social life will also improve as they are accepted back into AuBNPT will establish communication with local government leaders to ensure community acceptance 304 | Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Malikussaleh (JSPM) Volume 7 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026 Programme Priority:
Economy Entrepreneurship Selection and Classification Institutional Coordination Institutional Coordination Political Legitimacy Political Legitimacy Participation of Former Terrorist Prisoners Ideological Transformation Social Acceptance Social Acceptance Economic Empowerment Economic Empowerment Communication and Coordination Junaidi Ramadhan (BNPT South Sulawesi Regio.
Dr.
Ardi Prasetya
(BNPT)
of former terrorist detainees.
Ay AuThe importance of good communication with other Coordination and actors involved in the deradicalisation programme.
Ay Communication AuBNPT must continue to monitor and supervise the Monitoring and activities of former terrorist convicts after they Evaluation receive business capital assistance to ensure that the assistance is not misused.
Ay Source: Results of Data Tabulation Table Analysis.
Author 2025 Based on the interview tabulation table above, descriptive analysis of the collected data shows various important aspects related to the deradicalisation programme implemented by the National Counterterrorism Agency (BNPT).
The main focus of this programme is to reintegrate ex-terrorists into society by removing the stigma of their past as terrorists and providing them with the opportunity to build a better life through a sustainable and systematic approach.
In the Philosophy of Deradicalisation, a statement by Dr Ardi Prasetya from the BNPT emphasises that deradicalisation is not only a process that takes place in prisons, but must also continue after ex-terrorists are released, by providing opportunities to instil national values and a moderate understanding of religion.
This leads to the goal of eliminating the radical ideology previously held by ex-terrorists.
The stages described by Dr.
Ardi in this programme, including national insight, religious insight, and entrepreneurship, demonstrate the BNPT's efforts to provide comprehensive guidance, not only ideologically but also in the social and economic aspects of ex-terrorists' lives.
Entrepreneurship is at the core of the deradicalisation programme, with Dr Ardi and Muchtar Dg Lau .
former terrorist who is now the Chair of the Kapala Foundatio.
agreeing that providing entrepreneurship training is very important to improve the economic independence of former terrorists.
Through the entrepreneurship programme, the BNPT aims to provide skills that can help former terrorist convicts become financially independent and avoid re-involvement in radical groups.
However, as explained by Muchtar, former terrorist convicts must first successfully complete the stages of national awareness and religious awareness to ensure their readiness to receive the entrepreneurship programme.
In terms of the Classification and Selection System.
Muchtar Dg Lau explained that exterrorists are classified into "green", "yellow" or "red" categories based on their radical status.
Those in the "green" category are considered ready to receive further deradicalisation programmes, while those still in the "red" category will require further training before they can proceed to the next stage.
This system illustrates a selective approach in ensuring that ex305 | Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Malikussaleh (JSPM) Volume 7 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026 terrorists receive the type of guidance appropriate to their level of maturity in undergoing the deradicalisation process.
On the institutional coordination side.
Junaidi Ramadhan from the South Sulawesi Regional BNPT emphasised the importance of the BNPT's role as national coordinator in the implementation of deradicalisation.
He identified various actors involved, such as the police, the TNI, the BIN, local government, and religious leaders, each of which has a specific role in supporting the smooth running of this programme.
In this regard, effective coordination between these various institutions is key to the successful implementation of deradicalisation policies in the region.
Meanwhile, in terms of social acceptance, both Dr.
Ardi and Muchtar Dg Lau noted that the community's acceptance of former terrorist convicts was quite positive, especially in the city of Makassar.
This acceptance is greatly influenced by good communication with the local community and their involvement in the deradicalisation programme.
Muchtar Dg Lau also highlighted the importance of support from families and communities in supporting the social reintegration of ex-terrorists, which is a key element in the success of the deradicalisation On the economic empowerment side, both Dr.
Ardi and Muchtar emphasised that entrepreneurship programmes provide great benefits in improving the welfare of ex-terrorists after their release.
Muchtar stated that these entrepreneurship programmes not only provide economic independence but also improve their social and psychological conditions, as they feel more accepted by the community.
However, according to Dr.
Ardi, even though economic independence may increase, the BNPT must continue to monitor and ensure that the business capital assistance provided is not misused.
Overall, the data from this interview tabulation table illustrates that the success of the BNPT's deradicalisation programme is greatly influenced by various factors, including the selection and classification stages of ex-terrorists, social and family support, and economic Good coordination between relevant institutions and active community participation are important elements in achieving the long-term goal of deradicalisation, namely the productive and safe reintegration of ex-terrorists into society.
This study aims to explore the implementation of the BNPT's deradicalisation policy for ex-terrorists in Makassar City, focusing on the philosophy, substance, and challenges of The results of the study show that the BNPT's deradicalisation policy is implemented through three main stages: national insight, moderate religious insight, and 306 | Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Malikussaleh (JSPM) Volume 7 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026 entrepreneurship.
The first stage aims to instil values of nationalism and love for the country in ex-terrorists.
The second stage focuses on a more moderate understanding of religion, by countering the radical ideology that ex-terrorists have embraced.
The third stage, which is the core of the programme, is economic empowerment through entrepreneurship training.
The entrepreneurship programme is expected to provide former terrorist convicts with the skills and capital to become financially independent, which in turn will reduce their potential to re-engage with radical groups.
In addition, in terms of institutional coordination, the BNPT plays the role of main coordinator, working together with various parties such as the police, the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI), the State Intelligence Agency (BIN), and local governments.
Community acceptance of ex-terrorists is also quite positive, especially in the city of Makassar, where the community has shown a willingness to accept ex-terrorists who have participated in the deradicalisation programme.
However, this study also reveals that there are still significant challenges in terms of budget constraints and overlapping inter-agency coordination, which can hinder the smooth implementation of deradicalisation policies.
Referring to Merilee S.
Grindle's Policy Implementation Theory .
, the results of this study indicate that the success of the BNPT's deradicalisation policy implementation is greatly influenced by two main factors, namely policy content and the implementation environment.
The content of the BNPT's deradicalisation policy, which covers three stages of national insight, moderate religious insight, and entrepreneurship, targets ideological change and improved welfare for ex-terrorists, which are the interests of the target group .
x-terrorist.
This is in line with Grindle's theory that policies designed to meet the interests of the target group will be more easily accepted and implemented.
However, the implementation environment factor also plays an important role.
In this case, the implementation environment includes coordination between agencies involved in deradicalisation policies.
Although the BNPT acts as the main coordinator, the overlapping authorities between the BNPT.
Densus 88, prisons, and local governments indicate obstacles to effective implementation.
This underlines the importance of alignment between policies and factors that influence their implementation, such as budgetary support, human resources, and coordination between institutions.
Research by Rusfiana .
, on deradicalisation policies in Indonesia highlights the importance of an approach that integrates local wisdom and democratic principles in These findings are in line with the results of this study, which show that the 307 | Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Malikussaleh (JSPM) Volume 7 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026 success of the BNPT's deradicalisation policy in Makassar City is also supported by local factors, namely community participation and social acceptance of former terrorist convicts.
Therefore, it is important to adopt a culture- and locally-based approach to ensure the successful implementation of deradicalisation policies, as exemplified by the Sikawarui Appa Sulapa (Kapal.
Foundation, which plays a role in supporting the social reintegration of ex-terrorists.
In addition, the findings of the study (Mardlatillah & Hidayat, 2.
on the role of local government in the implementation of deradicalisation show the importance of the role of facilitators and regulators in deradicalisation policies.
This study also highlights obstacles such as limited budgets and the absence of local regulations governing deradicalisation.
This is highly relevant to the findings of the study, which found that budgetary and regulatory constraints at the local level pose challenges to policy implementation in Makassar City.
Therefore, strengthening local regulations and increasing the budget for deradicalisation programmes are important steps that need to be considered to ensure the smooth implementation of these policies.
CONCLUSIONS
This study focuses on the implementation of deradicalisation policies applied by the BNPT to former terrorist convicts in Makassar City.
The main issue raised in this study is how the BNPT's deradicalisation policy can effectively reintegrate former terrorist convicts back into society and the challenges faced in its implementation.
The findings show that although this policy was designed with a comprehensive approach through three main stages of friendship, religious insight, moderation, and entrepreneurship, challenges in terms of inter-agency coordination, budget constraints, and social acceptance still hinder the success of the programme.
One significant finding is that entrepreneurship is at the core of the deradicalisation programme, which has been proven to have a positive impact on the welfare of ex-terrorists after their release.
The significance of this finding lies in the importance of integration between central government policies and the support of local institutions and communities in supporting the social reintegration of ex-terrorists.
The active involvement of local communities, as carried out by the Sikawarui Appa Sulapa (Kapal.
Foundation, is key to reducing social stigma and increasing the acceptance of ex-terrorists.
However, the weakness of this study lies in the limited sample size and the lack of longitudinal data on the long-term impact of this policy on ex-terrorists after For future research, it is recommended to conduct further research on the long-term evaluation of the effectiveness of deradicalisation policies and focus on the role of local communities in supporting the reintegration of ex-terrorists.
In addition, research can expand its 308 | Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Malikussaleh (JSPM) Volume 7 Nomor 1 Tahun 2026 geographical scope to compare the implementation of deradicalisation policies in various regions in Indonesia.
REFERENCE