J-Kesmas: Jurnal Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat (The Indonesian Journal of Public Healt.
Available at http://jurnal.
id/jkesmas p-ISSN: 2355-0643, e-ISSN: 2355-0988 Vol.
No.
April, 2022
Open Access
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Health Workers in Samarinda City: An Examination of Their Distribution Based on Strategic Issues Erwin Purwaningsih Hospital Administration Department.
Mutiara Mahakam College of Health Sciences.
Indonesia Corresponding author: Erwin Purwaningsih, e-mail: purwaningsiherwin18@gmail.
Submitted:01/05/2021 Revised: 20/03/2022 Accepted: 24/03/2022 Published online: 27/04/2022 DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
35308/j-kesmas.
How to cite this article: How to cite this article: Purwaningsih.
Health Workers in Samarinda City: An Examination of Their Distribution Based on Strategic Issues.
J-Kesmas: Jurnal Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat (The Indonesian Journal of Public Healt.
: 40-49
Abstract Providers and organizers of health care in the city are health professionals.
According to WHO guidelines, the number of health workers needed in Samarinda has not yet been determined.
This ratio compares the number of health workers to the population.
The method used in this study is a descriptive-analytical nonexperimental design .
ross-sectiona.
Following the study's goals, research participants used secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency's report for Samarinda City in 2018/2019 in social and population data.
The number of doctors in Samarinda is 1:10,249, so it does not meet the WHO minimum standard requirement of 1:2,500.
The number of nurses is identical, but the standard ratio of 1:855 cannot be met.
Six sub-districts failed to meet this ratio.
Sungai Pinang was the most effective sub-district in achieving the nurse-population balance.
Apart from Samarinda Ulu and Samarinda Kota, the distribution of pharmacists has caught the attention of almost all districts in Samarinda, a total of eight sections.
Even one pharmacy in the Sungai Pinang district must serve 54,386 people.
Health workers in Samarinda are not equally distributed, owing primarily to external issues.
Keywords: Distribution.
Health Workers.
Strategic Issue Introduction The need to address inequalities in the distribution of the medical workforce was in the spotlight of policy discussions for several years.
Despite its importance, few initiatives aimed to improve the medical workforce's attractiveness, recruitment, and retention provided practical approaches to overcome this problem(Elisa Maria Maffioli.
Thiago Augusto Hernandes Rocha.
Gabriel Vivas.
Carlos Rosales.
Catherine Staton, 2.
The distribution of health workers in Indonesia raises an interesting discussion since Indonesia, an archipelagic country, has vast geography and challenges for fulfilling equitable health services(Agung Dwi Laksono.
Ilham Akhsanu Ridlo, 2.
According to Health Law Number 36 of 2009, a health worker has the expertise, skills, and authorization to engage in health-related activities and can dedicate himself to the community in the health Meanwhile, according to the Minister of Health's Regulation No.
75 of 2014, at least nine health workers in public health centers work according to labor (Kemenkes RI, 2.
Insufficient numbers and categories of health workers concerning service levels, unequal This article is licensed under CC BY- SA 4.
0 License distribution of health workers, and uneven productivity for all health workers are all strategic challenges (Slamet, 2.
Health human capital is critical to achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC).
According to the World Health Organization.
Indonesia is one of 57 countries with a shortage of health workers.
Whereas health human capital account for 80% of the progress of healthy growth.
In Indonesia, a shortage of human health resources can be viewed as either a lack of human health resources or an uneven distribution of human health resources (Nurhotimah, 2.
One of the challenges in increasing access to health services in Indonesia is the unequal distribution of health professionals .
articularly, though not exclusively, doctors and specialist.
Although health workers congregate in cities, the Remote.
Border, and Archipelago Areas (DTPK) are experiencing a labor The Indonesian government has attempted to address this through a variety of policies.
This is a condition that does not only occur in Indonesia (Dewi, 2.
The goal of 100,000 people served by health workers has not been reached.
Specialist physicians have only reached 7.
73 percent of the target of 9 percent, and general practitioners have only got 26.
http://jurnal.
id/jkesmas/article/view/ percent of the target of 30 percent.
Meanwhile, nurses in this study are all health workers related to this study only made up 157.
75 percent of the average of 158, in Indonesia.
The number of samples is five kinds of while midwives only made up 43.
75 percent of the health professionals in Samarinda.
The sampling target of 75 per 100,000 people.
However, this issue is method uses random cluster sampling.
Samples will not isolated.
it is intertwined with some variables, represent the distribution of health workers in the including geographic environments, transportation, highest population in a city on the largest islands in facilities, and, most importantly, legislation governing Indonesia and as the capital province, except Java health workers' amount, efficiency, and equal island, which has a much better distribution of health (Nurhotimah, 2.
Samarinda was chosen based on the highest population in the province of East Kalimantan and a Regulation number 8 of 2018 of the Mayor of picture that reflects the distribution of health workers Samarinda relating to the Samarinda Smart City when it became the new nation's capital.
The Masterplan.
Intelligent living creates a decent, researchers used data on the population and comfortable, and efficient living environment.
Smart distribution of health workers from the city of Padang living goals include providing high-quality health as a comparison, taking into account the number of infrastructure, such as increasing the number of health residents who are not too far away and both are outside workers .
octors, nurses, and midwive.
and of Java.
establishing a resident health visit system (Walikota Samarinda, 2.
The equitable distribution of The data was collected using secondary data from healthy laborers should accompany an increase in the the Central Statistics Agency report for Samarinda City and Padang in 2018/2019 in social and population data in the health sector.
Secondary data for health staff The city of Samarinda's determination of the need from government-owned health facilities were used in for health personnel falls short of WHO guidelines, this study's data collection.
Research approval .
or one of which is the 1: 2500 doctor-to-population ratio, ethic.
is not needed because it uses open-source data in which one doctor serves 2500 people.
Since not all from Central Statistics Agency.
Data analysis begins health centers have enough physicians, it is normal for with describing existing research samples, followed by doctors to work primarily in city centers with better analysis based on theory or journals as a guide.
Then, access .
eography, transportation, housing, and draw conclusions, outline findings based on theory.
To establish the standard of health and offer solutions.
worker needs that are uniformly distributed in the city of Samarinda, an analysis of the distribution of health workers is needed.
Results Population by Sub-District Methods This type of research is a descriptive .
study method relating to analyzing some data, also known as samples, to forecast or draw conclusions about the entire parent data.
The research population is the whole object of research.
The people Data on the population of Samarinda was collected based on the research findings.
Based on the distribution and growth ratio in 2018, the following population data for the city of Samarinda will be Table 1.
Number of the population by sub-district in Samarinda city in 2010-2018 District Total Population (Thousan.
Annual population growth rate
Palaran 0,21 0,03 SamarindaIlir
0,12
0,01
Samarinda Kota
0,05
0,00
Sambutan 0,27 0,03 Samarinda Seberang
0,21
0,03
Loa JananIlir
0,21
0,03
Sungai Kunjang
0,05
0,00
Samarinda Ulu
0,05
0,00
Samarinda Utara
0,28
0,04
10 Sungai Pinang
0,12
0,01
Samarinda
0,26
0,02
Source: (BPS, 2.
Samarinda City had an estimated 858,080 people in This article is licensed under CC BY- SA 4.
0 License 2018, with 443,379 men and 414,701 women.
The http://jurnal.
id/jkesmas/article/view/ population of Samarinda city has increased by 0.
the research findings.
Based on the distribution and percent since the population estimate in 2017.
Data growth ratio is 2018.
on the population of Padang was collected based on Table 2.
Number of the population by sub-district in Padang city in 2010-2018
District
Bungus Teluk Kabung
Lubuk Kilangan Lubuk Begalung
Padang Selatan Padang Timur
Padang Barat
Padang Utara
Nanggalo
Kuranji Pauh
Koto Tangah
Padang
Annual Population Growth Rate
2010-2018 2017-2018
0,10
0,01
0,15
0,02
0,16
0,02
0,04
0,004
0,02
0,002
0,01
0,001
0,03
0,002
0,07
0,007
0,18
0,02
0,24
0,02
0,19
0,02
0,13
0,01
Total Population (Thousan.
Source: (Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS RI), 2.
Padang City had an estimated population of 112 people in 2018, with 469.
737 men and 375 women.
The population of Padang city has increased by 0.
01 percent since the population estimate in 2017.
In 2018, the population difference between the cities of Samarinda and Padang was 81,032 people.
It has been determined that the population difference between the two cities is decreasing, with approximately 201,499 people in a significant increase in population in Samarinda from year to year.
Population by Sex Meanwhile, in 2018, the male population to female population ratio was 106.
Table 3 will display the population of Samarinda city based on 2010 and 83,722 people in 2017.
This demonstrates Table 3.
Shows the total population of Samarinda City by gender and district in 2018 Total Population by Gender Total District Population Men Women Palaran SamarindaIlir Samarinda Kota Sambutan Samarinda Seberang Loa JananIlir Sungai Kunjang Samarinda Ulu Samarinda Utara Sungai Pinang Samarinda Source: (BPS, 2.
Table 3 shows that the Samarinda Ulu District has the most men and women, while the Samarinda Kota District has the least.
The total population of all sub- This article is licensed under CC BY- SA 4.
0 License Number of couples of reproductive age districts is 858,080, with a male population of 443,379, which is higher than the female population of 414,701.
Male compared to the female population in Padang city will display in Table 4 below http://jurnal.
id/jkesmas/article/view/ Table 4.
Shows the total population of Padang City by gender and district in 2018 Total Population by Total Population District Gender Men Women Bungus Teluk Kabung Lubuk Kilangan Lubuk Begalung Padang Selatan Padang Timur Padang Barat Padang Utara Nanggalo Kuranji Pauh Koto Tangah Padang Source: (Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS RI) Padang City, 2.
Table 4 shows that the Kuranji District has the most men and women, while the Bungus Teluk Kabung District has the least.
The total population of all sub-districts is 939.
112, with a male population of 737 people, which is higher than the female population of 469.
375The population by gender in the cities of Samarinda and Padang differs significantly in the female gender, with a difference of 54,674 residents, while the male population is Only around 26,358.
The difference is more than doubled, indicating that the female population outnumbers the male population.
Number of Health Workers The following table will display the number of health workers distributed across all sub-districts in Samarinda City:
Table 5.
Number of Health Workers by Districts in Samarinda City, 2018 District Doctor Nurse Midwife Palaran SamarindaIlir Samarinda Kota Sambutan Samarinda Seberang Loa JananIlir Sungai Kunjang Samarinda Ulu Samarinda Utara 10 Sungai Pinang Total Source : (Dinas Kesehatan Kota Samarinda, 2.
Table 5 shows that the prominent number of health workers in Kota Samarinda has risen year after year, in line with the population growth rate.
The number of doctors declined by 16 between 2017 and 2018, but the number of nurses, midwives, pharmacists, and nutritionists rose between 2017 and Nurses increased by 398 people, midwives increased by 55 people, pharmacists increased by 44 people, and nutritionists increased by nine people.
This article is licensed under CC BY- SA 4.
0 License Pharmacist Nutritionist The data above also indicates the number of physicians, nurses, midwives, pharmacists, and nutritionists in the previous three years, a decrease .
and a not-so-significant rise .
The following table 6 will display the number of health workers distributed across all sub-districts in Padang City in 2016 http://jurnal.
id/jkesmas/article/view/ Table 6.
Number of Health Workers by Districts Padang City, 2018 Health Workers Doctor Nurse Midwife Pharmacist Nutrisionist Total Source : (Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS RI) West Sumatera Province, 2.
Table 6 demonstrates that the number of health workers differs little between doctors, nurses, and In 2018, the city of Padang had 669 doctors, followed by nurses with 2.
008 and midwives The difference in the number of doctors, nurses, midwives, pharmacists, and nutritionists shown in tables 5 and 6 above is not statistically Doctors number in the 600s, nurses in the 2,000s, midwives in the 500s, pharmacists in the 350s-360s, and nutritionists in the Relationship Between Health Workers and Population The following table 7 shows the relationship between the number of health workers and the population in the city of Samarinda:
Table 7.
Number of Health Workers Per-Sub-District in Kota Samarinda Was Compared to The Population, 2018 District Comparison of the number of health workers with the population per sub-district of Kota Samarinda, 2018 Doctor Nurse Midwife Pharmacist Nutritionist Palaran 1: 4.
1: 1.
1: 303
1: 5.
1: 15.
Samarinda Ilir 1: 2.
1: 447
1: 936
1: 3.
1: 10.
Samarinda Kota
1: 354
1: 192
1: 114
1: 789
1: 8.
Sambutan 1: 4.
1: 447
1: 9.
1: 19.
Samarinda Seberang 1: 10.
1: 3.
1: 797
1: 18.
1: 24.
Loa JananIlir 1: 1.
1: 365
1: 225
1: 2.
1: 11.
Sungai Kunjang 1: 2.
1: 1.
1: 424
1: 4.
1: 39.
Samarinda Ulu
1: 398
1: 96
1: 106
1: 691
1: 3.
Samarinda Utara 1: 3.
1: 2.
1: 405
1: 6.
1: 20.
10 Sungai Pinang 1: 6.
1: 5.
1: 980
1: 13.
1: 54.
Average 1: 1330
1: 402
1: 272
1: 2.
1: 11.
Source: Primary Data, 2021 one nurse serves 5,725 patients.
The highest number The distribution of health workers in Kota was 1: 96 in the Samarinda Ulu sub-district, which Samarinda is not uniformly distributed across all submeans that one Nurse served 96 people.
The lowest districts, as shown in Table 7.
The number of number of midwives was in the Sungai Pinang subphysicians, nurses, pharmacists, and nutritionists district, with one midwife serving 980 mothers.
The ratio value is each district's total population to the highest number was in the Samarinda Ulu subnumber of doctors, nurses, pharmacies, and district, 1:106 indicates that one midwife serves 106 Meanwhile, the number of midwives mothers, based on the number of childbearing ratio is the ratio of the total female population to the couples per sub-district in Samarinda.
The lowest number of midwives spread in each sub-district.
number of pharmacy officers is in the Samarinda The number of doctors appears to be very low in Seberang sub-district.
One pharmacy officer serves the Samarinda Seberang sub-district, with a ratio of 18,252 people, while the highest number is in the 1: 10,429, implying that one doctor serves 10,429 Samarinda Ulu sub-district, where 1 pharmacy people, while the highest number of doctors is found officer serves 691 people.
Sungai Pinang sub-district in the Samarinda City District, with a ratio of 1: 354, has the lowest number of nutritionists .
: 54,.
, implying that one doctor serves 354 people.
In the implying that one nutritionist serves 54,386 people.
Sungai Pinang sub-district, the number of nurses is while Samarinda Ulu sub-district has the highest inadequate, with a ratio of 1 to 5,725, implying that number .
: 3,.
, implying that one nutritionist This article is licensed under CC BY- SA 4.
0 License http://jurnal.
id/jkesmas/article/view/ serves 3,758 people.
Table 8.
Number of health workers per sub-district compared to the population, 2018 Health Workers Total Health Population Comparation Health Workers Workers and Population Doctor 1 : 1.
Nurse 1 : 468 Midwife 1 : 1.
Pharmacist 1 : 2.
Nutrisionist 1 : 12.
Source: Primary Data, 2021 In terms of the distribution of health workers, the city of Padang is experiencing similar problems to Samarinda.
The number of doctors appears to be average, with a ratio of 1:1.
403, implying that one doctor serves 1.
403 people.
The number of Nurses appears to be average, with a ratio of 1 468, implying that one Nurse serves 468 people.
The number of midwives appears to be average, with a ratio of 1:1.
586, implying that one midwife serves 1.
The number of pharmacists appearsto be average, with a ratio of 1:2.
594, implying that one pharmacist serves 2.
594 people.
The number of nutritionists appears to be average, with a ratio of 1:12.
521, implying that one nutritionist serves 521 people.
Tables 7 and 8 compare the number of health workers in Samarinda City and Padang City and show some differences.
The ratio of doctors, nurses, midwives, pharmacists, and nutritionists shows that Samarinda is better than Padang, but this does not indicate that the basic standard of health workforce needs is met.
Discussion Challenge For Health Workers' Distribution The following strategic challenges and significant problems in the growth of health workers continue to plague Indonesia:
Health worker development has failed to meet the needs of health workers for health services and .
Regulations to aid in the development of health professionals are also minimal.
Planning for the need for health personnel needs improvement, and an effective health personnel information system is still lacking.
There is still a disconnect between requirements and procurement/education of different types of health workers.
Regarding health personnel use, quality health This article is licensed under CC BY- SA 4.
0 License personnel are still in short supply, especially in underdeveloped areas, remote areas, borders, islands, and less desirable areas.
Guidance and quality management of health staff is not yet being enforced as planned.
There are resources available to assist in the growth and empowerment of health workers that are still limited.
(Slamet, 2.
Impact on The Shortage of Health Workers Over Staffing for Non-Professional and Undestaffing for Professional.
Human resources, also known as human capital, is an essential resource in management.
Both levels of management must recognize the value of human capital.
(Arifudin.
Sudirman, 2.
The factors significantly related to over employment are ethnicity, age, education, number of children in the household, occupation, hours of work, and control over work schedule(Fernandez, 2.
Preliminary numbers, types, and distribution of health workers may result in a lack of public access to quality health care and the emergence of issues with referral and patient handling in specific cases(Kemenkes RI, 2.
Over-staffing for nonprofessional staff .
on-technica.
and understaffing for specialists .
echnical personne.
are both the shortage is the trustworthy source of the (Meliala, 2.
A Impact on Quality of Health Services The inequitable distribution of health professionals within countries poses an essential obstacle to the optimal functioning of health services(Liesl Grobler.
Ben J Marais, 2.
function efficiently, the healthcare system relies on human capital.
(Campbell.
Dussault.
Buchan, , 2.
In sufficient numbers and of adequate quality, health workers are critical for achieving optimal health indicators because they directly delivered(Ghosh, 2.
Even though regardless of socioeconomic growth, almost all countries face http://jurnal.
id/jkesmas/article/view/ challenges in distributing health workers, including issues with education and training, placement, retention, and efficiency.
(WHO, 2.
The health worker to population ratio is one of the most widely used calculations in the evaluation and planning of health services since it allows comparisons between regions and subregions with different population sizes, is simple to measure, and still provides relatively good relative inequality.
(Anand, 2.
Work Overload The appropriate doctor-to-population ratio is 1:
2500, which means one doctor serves 2,500 people.
(Kemenkumham, 2.
In Samarinda's city, there are six sub-districts where the doctor-to-population ratio does not meet Indonesian government Palaran.
SamarindaIlir.
Sambutan.
Samarinda Seberang.
North Samarinda, and Sungai Pinang are among these sub-districts.
The sub-district with the most doctors.
Samarinda Seberang, is far from the minimum ratio of doctors to the total population of the six sub-districts.
The optimal nurse-to-population ratio is 1: 855, which means that one Nurse serves 855 people(Kemenkumham, 2.
In the city of Samarinda, there are six sub-districts with a nurse-tototal-population ratio that is not in compliance with government guidelines.
Palaran.
Sambutan.
Samarinda Seberang.
Sungai Kukung.
North Samarinda, and Sungai Pinang are among these subdistricts.
Sungai Pinang sub-district has the smallest number of nurses among these sub-districts.
The Ministry of Health's regular ratio is characterized by each pharmacy serving 83,333 or 1:
83,333, while the WHO standard is similar with the understanding that each pharmacy serves 2,000 or 1:
2,000.
(Dyani Primasari Sukamdi.
Lutfan Lazuardi.
According to WHO requirements, the number of pharmacy staff in Samarinda is still inadequate.
An individual in charge of at least one pharmacist/pharmacist is usually found in a Compared to the total population, the number of pharmacy staff in Samarinda is considered there are eight sub-districts, including Palaran.
Samarinda Ilir.
Sambutan, and SamarindaSeber Loa JananIlir.
Sungai Kunjang.
North Samarinda, and Sungai Pinang.
Samarinda Seberang Subdistrict has a shortage of pharmacy staff from all sub-districts in the city of Samarinda.
Stress is higher among nursing assistants, medical assistants, social workers, inpatient workers, women, and persons of color are related to workload and mental health and is lower when feeling valued(Kriti Prasad.
Colleen Mc Loughlin.
Martin Stillman.
This article is licensed under CC BY- SA 4.
0 License Maldistribution The unequal distribution of risks in later life: .
burden of disease in epidemiological transition, .
financial security in retirement, .
familial resources for elderly care, and .
care workforce for elderly care(Masa Higo, 2.
Health staff quality, composition, and distribution are generally acknowledged as essential determinants of health system performance.
(WHO, 2.
The ten countries that make up the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (Brunei.
Cambodia.
Indonesia.
Laos.
Malaysia.
Myanmar, the Philippines.
Singapore.
Thailand, and Vietna.
have different socioeconomic statuses and have gone through different stages of growth over the last 50 (Bank, 2.
that influence health system capacity (Chongsuvivatwong V.
Phua KH.
Yap MTet al.
, 2.
, the political system, the health system, and the health situation are all intertwined.
Most countries, including the rest of Indonesia, are experiencing health worker shortages and (Review, 2.
In lower-middleincome countries, other factors such as motivation and job satisfaction have been essential in health worker retention and turnover.
(Bonenberger.
Aikins.
Akweongo, & Wyss, 2.
Economic Gap Uneven distribution of health workers can be caused by various causes, one of which is health worker migration between regions.
Government regulations on health workers are one of the causes of migration.
More health workers would be attracted to areas with better socioeconomic environments because of economic conditions, personal characteristics, safety factors, jobs, access to children's education, information production, and environments (Dussault.
& Dubois, 2.
Health professionals who perform well are those who, given the resources and circumstances available, work in a responsive, equitable, and productive manner to produce the best health outcomes possible.
(Manyazewal, 2.
Remote areas are Becoming not Desirable In Samarinda, the government focuses on social concerns such as demographic issues.
In comparison to other cities in the province of East Kalimantan.
Samarinda City, as a large city and provincial capital, has the most comprehensive range of facilities, http://jurnal.
id/jkesmas/article/view/ ranging from the center of government to educational facilities, health, and trade and services, and various forms of entertainment.
Of course, being able to experience these numerous facilities is a big draw for visitors from outside the area, so it's no surprise that the population of Samarinda City has grown significantly over time, to the point where it's now the most populated city in East Kalimantan.
(Dinas PU, 2.
Most health workers in Samarinda live and study in the city center.
In this regard, many areas facing a shortage of health professionals are primarily suburban areas.
Many people gradually migrate to cities because the population of cities is greater than that of the suburbs / rural areas for various reasons, one of which is economic factors.
When viewed from its vantage point as the administrative center of East Kalimantan Province.
Samarinda still has a shortage of health workers in several locations/ sub-districts that should be more evenly distributed in terms of distribution, especially in areas far from Samarinda cities, such as Penajam Paser Utara and other cities.
Which is far from Samarinda, the dilemma becomes increasingly complex.
The disparity in Health Utilization Significant issues include accessibility and geographic conditions.
The disparity in health utilization among communities in several areas of Samarinda could be exacerbated by differences in health staff and geographic conditions.
In Palaran and Sambutan, there is a scarcity of doctors and For example, one of the reasons is the geographical condition, which is a hilly region, and the lack of official accommodation, which forces health workers stationed in that area to have a unique housing budget.
for them, it is preferable to work in an urban area close to home, where access to transportation is also easier.
Furthermore, the Sungai Pinang sub-district, located in a region vulnerable to flooding, experienced the same thing, causing health workers to be less interested in being assigned to that Figure 1.
Relationship between health worker distribution and health (Rangga Yudistira, 2.
Stakeholder engagement in the creation process is critical for incorporating expert input and evaluating user feedback, which is then used to solve priority issues and create simulations that can be used widely(Gale.
Chatterjee.
Mellor, & Allan, 2.
For workforce planning, having access to accurate and detailed information on health workers is crucial.
(KD Rao.
R Shahrawat, 2.
The Samarinda City government's critical agenda for compiling regulations on distributing health workers in each sub-district is planning, monitoring, and evaluation.
This will be the starting point for policy formulation.
Development planning will serve as the axis for deciding development goals for the citizens of Samarinda City in the short, medium, and long term.
Conclusion Worker In the city of Samarinda, the allocation of health workers is not evenly distributed.
Health care professionals, such as physicians, nurses, and pharmacists, are more concentrated in metropolitan areas than suburban areas.
Social issues, environmental .
, demographics, and geography relate to this.
The relationship between health worker distribution and health degrees will be shown in Figure 1.
The number of health workers available has a significant impact on implementing the Indonesian government's health program.
As illustrated in Figure 1, the number, type, quality, and distribution of health workers all significantly impact the success of public and individual health efforts.
The impact of the distribution of health workers on the implementation over staffing for nonprofessionals and understaffing for professionals, impact on quality of health services, work overload, maldistribution, economic gap, remote area are becoming not desirable, and disparity of health Cooperation from various sectors, including the government, private sector, educational institutions, and health service institutions, is Relationship Between Health Distribution and Health Degrees This article is licensed under CC BY- SA 4.
0 License http://jurnal.
id/jkesmas/article/view/ urgently required to address the issue of health worker maldistribution in Indonesia.
BPS.
Sensus penduduk (SP) 2010 dan proyeksi penduduk Indonesia 2015-2045/BPSStatistics Indonesia.
Acknowledgment Campbell.
Dussault.
Buchan.
, et al.
A universal truth: no health without a Forum report.
Third Global Forum on Human Resources for Health.
Recife.
Brazil.
Geneva.
Global Health Workforce Alliance, and World Health Organization.
The author wishes to express his gratitude to those who assisted in completing this scientific articleAiaid from Mutiara Mahakam College of Health Sciences, which has provided assistance and guidance.
Author Interest Contributions Competing Interest All writers contribute the smallest to the essential things in collecting and analyzing data, including compiling the manuscript.
The author ensures that there is no conflict of interest in the activities and preparations Chongsuvivatwong V.
Phua KH.
Yap MTet al.
Health and healthcare systems in Southeast Asia: diversity and transitions.
The Lancet, 377: 429Ae37.
Dewi.
Kebijakan Untuk Daerah Dengan Jumlah Tenaga Kesehatan Rendah.
Dinas Kesehatan Kota Samarinda.
Profil kesehatan kota samarinda tahun 2016.
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