https://dinastires.
org/JLPH Vol.
No.
May 2024 DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
38035/jlph.
Received: 13 June 2024.
Revised: 18 June 2024.
Publish: 21 June 2024 https://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by/4.
The Role of The National Land Agency in Preventing and Setting Land Disputes in Indonesia Dwi Purnama1.
Dian Dewi Khasanah2 ATR/BPN Provincial Central Java, dwi.
purnama@atrbpn.
National Land College.
Yogyakarta, dewanugraha084@gmail.
Corresponding Author: dewanugraha084@gmail.
Abstract: Land holds a vital role in Indonesia, yet its management faces complex challenges, including land disputes involving individuals, communities, government, and corporations.
This research aims to analyze the role of the National Land Agency (Badan Pertanahan Nasional.
BPN) in preventing land disputes in Indonesia and to identify the challenges and obstacles faced in the process of resolving land disputes.
This study employs a normative legal research method with a legislative and conceptual approach, examining various primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources through a literature review.
Data analysis is conducted qualitatively using descriptive-analytical methods, involving legal interpretation and evaluation of the effectiveness of BPN's role in preventing and resolving land disputes.
The results of the research indicate that the National Land Agency (BPN) plays a crucial role in preventing and resolving land disputes in Indonesia through various programs and strategies but faces complex challenges.
BPN implements programs such as systematic land registration, the development of an integrated land information system, and agrarian reform to create better land administration.
However.
BPN also encounters obstacles such as the complexity of disputes, overlapping authorities, resource limitations, conflicts with customary law, and the politicization of land disputes.
The diversity of these issues requires different approaches and often involves various parties with conflicting interests, while BPN must contend with resource constraints and a legal framework that does not fully accommodate the complexity of contemporary land issues.
Keyword: Dispute.
National Land Agency.
Conflict Prevention.
Agrarian Reform.
Land Management.
INTRODUCTION
Land is a natural resource that has a vital role in human life and the development of a In Indonesia, land is not only seen as an economic commodity, but also has deep social, cultural and religious value for society.
(Iftitah, 2.
As an agricultural country with a large and growing population.
Indonesia faces major challenges in land management and The complexity of land issues in Indonesia is increasing along with economic development, urbanization and social changes occurring in society.
(Sutaryono et al.
, 2.
943 | P a g e https://dinastires.
org/JLPH Vol.
No.
May 2024 In a historical context, land problems in Indonesia can be traced back to the Dutch colonial period.
The dualism of land law implemented by the colonial government, where there are differences in legal treatment between land subject to Western law and land subject to customary law, has created complexity in the land administration system.
After independence, the Indonesian government attempted to unify and simplify the land law system through Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles (UUPA).
(Agung, 2.
UUPA is the main basis for land management in Indonesia, with basic principles that reflect the values of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution.
This law recognizes various land rights, including property rights, business use rights, building use rights, and use rights.
Apart from that.
UUPA also regulates land registration as an instrument to guarantee legal certainty in land ownership.
However, the implementation of UUPA in practice does not always run smoothly, and various land problems continue to emerge over time.
(Rahmawati, 2.
One of the main challenges in land management in Indonesia is the high number of land disputes and conflicts.
(Sutaryono.
Amien Tohari.
Anik Iftitah, 2.
Land disputes can occur between individuals, between the community and the government, or between the community and corporations.
The causes of land disputes are very diverse, ranging from overlapping ownership, unclear land boundaries, land control without rights, to conflicts arising from land acquisition for public purposes or investment.
(Ramadani, 2.
According to data from the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ATR/BPN), the number of land cases that occur in Indonesia reaches thousands every year.
These cases not only cause economic losses, but also have the potential to trigger wider social conflicts.
In some cases, land disputes have even resulted in violence and loss of This situation shows the urgency to find effective and sustainable solutions in handling land disputes in Indonesia.
(Sutaryono et al.
, 2.
In an effort to overcome complex land problems, the Indonesian government has formed the National Land Agency (BPN) as a non-ministerial government institution responsible for the land sector.
BPN was formed based on Presidential Decree Number 26 of 1988, which then underwent several organizational changes.
Currently.
BPN operates under the Ministry of Agrarian and Spatial Planning based on Presidential Regulation Number 17 of 2015 concerning the Ministry of Agrarian and Spatial Planning.
(Ardani, 2.
BPN's duties and functions are very broad, including the formulation and implementation of policies in the fields of surveying, measurement and mapping.
determining land rights, land registration, and community empowerment.
regulating and determining land rights.
land acquisition.
control and handling land disputes and cases.
In the context of preventing and resolving land disputes, the role of BPN is very crucial.
(Jamaluddin, 2.
In the context of law and policy, even though there are various laws and regulations governing land, there are still gaps and ambiguities that can give rise to different For example, in the case of land procurement for the public interest, even though it is regulated in Law Number 2 of 2012 concerning Land Acquisition for Development in the Public Interest, in practice there are still frequent conflicts between the government and the community regarding compensation and relocation.
(Hamidah, 2.
Therefore, it is important to carry out in-depth research on the role of BPN in preventing and resolving land disputes in Indonesia.
So the author is interested in conducting research entitled "The Role of the National Land Agency in Preventing and Resolving Land Disputes in Indonesia".
The problem formulation in this research is:
What is the role of the National Land Agency in efforts to prevent land disputes in Indonesia? What are the challenges and obstacles faced by the National Land Agency in the process of resolving land disputes? 944 | P a g e https://dinastires.
org/JLPH Vol.
No.
May 2024
METHOD
This research uses normative legal research methods, which are library legal research or doctrinal legal research.
(Rifa'i.
IJ.
Purwoto.
Ramadhani.
Rusydi.
MT.
Harahap.
NK.
Mardiyanto.
, .
& Surasa, 2.
This method was chosen because this research focuses on analyzing legal norms, legal principles and legal concepts related to the role of the National Land Agency in preventing and resolving land disputes in Indonesia.
This normative legal research will examine various statutory regulations, legal literature, and official documents that are relevant to the research topic.
In this research, two main approaches were used, namely the statutory approach and the conceptual approach.
The legislative approach is carried out by reviewing all statutory regulations relating to the legal issue being handled.
(Marzuki, 2.
In the context of this research, this approach will involve an analysis of various regulations governing the National Land Agency, land disputes, and land dispute resolution mechanisms.
Some of the regulations that will be studied include Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Regulations on Agrarian Principles.
Presidential Regulation Number 17 of 2015 concerning the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning, and Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency Number 11 of 2016 concerning Settlement of Land Cases.
Meanwhile, a conceptual approach is taken by departing from the views and doctrines that have developed in legal science.
This approach will help researchers understand legal concepts relevant to the role of BPN in preventing and resolving land disputes, such as the concept of land rights, land disputes, alternative dispute resolution, and good governance in land administration.
The sources of legal materials used in this research consist of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials.
Primary legal materials include laws and regulations that are directly related to the research topic, such as laws, government regulations, presidential regulations and ministerial regulations that are relevant to the role of BPN and handling land disputes.
Secondary legal materials consist of legal textbooks, legal journals, scientific articles, legal research results, and opinions of legal experts related to the research topic.
Meanwhile, tertiary legal materials include legal dictionaries, legal encyclopedias, and other sources that can provide instructions or explanations for primary and secondary legal materials.
(Muhaimin.
The data collection technique in this research was carried out through library research.
Researchers will collect and review various literature, legal documents, and other written sources relevant to the research topic.
(Sugiyono, 2.
This process involves searching for legal materials in libraries, online legal databases, official websites of government agencies, and other sources that can be academically reliable.
The data analysis technique used in this research is qualitative analysis with analytical descriptive methods.
The analysis process begins with organizing the legal materials that have been collected, then categorizing and systematizing the data in accordance with the problem formulation and research objectives.
Next, the researcher will carry out legal interpretation of the materials that have been collected, identify patterns and relationships between legal concepts, and analyze the legal implications of these findings.
In the analysis process, researchers will use relevant legal interpretation methods, such as grammatical, systematic and teleological interpretation, to understand the meaning and purpose of laws and regulations relating to the role of BPN in preventing and resolving land disputes.
The analysis will also involve a comparison between existing legal norms and their implementation in practice, as well as an evaluation of the effectiveness of BPN's role based on the theoretical framework that has been developed.
(Hardani et al.
, 2.
The results of the analysis will be presented in a descriptive analytical manner, where researchers will describe in detail research findings related to the role of BPN in preventing and resolving land disputes, analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of existing approaches, 945 | P a g e https://dinastires.
org/JLPH Vol.
No.
May 2024 and providing recommendations for improving policies and practices in the future.
The presentation of research results will be carried out systematically and logically, paying attention to the coherence of arguments and clarity in conveying ideas.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The Role of the National Land Agency in Efforts to Prevent Land Disputes in Indonesia The role of the National Land Agency (BPN) in efforts to prevent land disputes in Indonesia is a crucial aspect in the management and administration of national land.
As a government agency responsible for the land sector.
BPN has a broad mandate to develop and implement various strategies and programs aimed at preventing the emergence of land (Dewandaru et al.
, 2.
One of BPN's main roles in preventing land disputes is through the land registration Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles (UUPA) is the main legal basis that requires land registration throughout Indonesia.
Article 19 of the UUPA mandates the government to carry out land registration throughout the territory of the Republic of Indonesia.
Further implementation of this mandate is outlined in Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration.
(Aksar et al.
, 2.
In order to speed up the land registration process.
BPN has initiated the Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) program.
This program is regulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency Number 6 of 2018 concerning Complete Systematic Land Registration.
PTSL aims to provide legal certainty and legal protection of community land rights in a definite, simple, fast, smooth, safe, fair, equitable and open and accountable manner, so as to improve the welfare and prosperity of the community and the country's economy, as well as reduce and prevent disputes and conflicts.
Through PTSL.
BPN carries out mass land registration which covers all land registration objects throughout the territory of the Republic of Indonesia.
This program not only includes measuring and mapping land plots, but also land inspection, recording land rights, and issuing land rights certificates.
With the land certificate produced through PTSL, it is hoped that it can provide legal certainty to land rights holders and reduce the potential for disputes due to unclear land status and boundaries.
(Rachmawati, 2.
Apart from land registration.
BPN also plays an important role in developing and managing an integrated land information system.
This is in line with the mandate of Presidential Regulation Number 20 of 2015 concerning the National Land Agency, which states that one of the functions of BPN is managing data and information in the land sector.
The land information system developed by BPN includes spatial and textual data relating to land parcels, legal status of land, and other land information.
(Ardani, 2.
The development of this land information system is realized through the Land Office Computerization (KKP) program which has been implemented in all Land Offices in Indonesia.
KKP aims to improve the quality of land services, speed up the service process, increase transparency, and minimize the potential for errors in land administration.
With an integrated and accurate information system, it is hoped that it can reduce the potential for disputes arising from administrative errors or overlapping land data.
(Adinegoro, 2023.
BPN has also developed electronic-based land services, such as the "Touch My Land" service which allows the public to access land information and services online.
This innovation not only increases service efficiency, but also provides wider access for the public to obtain accurate land information.
In this way, potential disputes arising from ignorance or misunderstanding regarding land status can be minimized.
(Harahap et al.
, 2.
In an effort to prevent land disputes.
BPN also plays an active role in providing education and socializing land law to the community.
This activity aims to increase public understanding of land rights, land registration procedures, and other aspects of land law.
This 946 | P a g e https://dinastires.
org/JLPH Vol.
No.
May 2024 counseling and outreach is carried out both directly through meetings with the community, as well as through mass media and digital platforms.
(Deka, 2.
BPN also provides guidance and supervision to Land Deed Drafting Officials (PPAT) as partners in implementing land registration.
This is regulated in Government Regulation Number 24 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Government Regulation Number 37 of 1998 concerning Position Regulations for Land Deed Officials.
Through effective guidance and supervision of PPAT, it is hoped that it can improve the quality of service in making deeds related to land, thereby reducing the potential for disputes arising due to errors or irregularities in making land deeds.
(Parameswari et al.
, 2.
In the context of preventing disputes related to land acquisition for the public interest.
BPN has an important role in implementing Law Number 2 of 2012 concerning Land Acquisition for Development in the Public Interest.
BPN is involved in the planning, preparation and implementation of land acquisition, including carrying out inventory and identifying control, ownership, use and utilization of land.
Through this role.
BPN seeks to ensure that the land acquisition process is carried out transparently, participatively, and in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, so as to minimize the potential for conflict with the community.
(Zahra, 2.
BPN also plays a role in implementing agrarian reform as an effort to reduce inequality in land control and ownership.
The Agrarian Reform Object Land Program (TORA) implemented by BPN aims to redistribute land to people in need, especially farmers and the It is hoped that the implementation of agrarian reform can reduce the potential for agrarian conflicts which often occur due to injustice in access to land.
In an effort to prevent disputes related to customary or ulayat lands.
BPN has developed the Inventory of Land Tenure.
Ownership.
Use and Utilization (IP4T) program.
This program aims to identify and map customary or ulayat lands, so that it can provide recognition and protection of indigenous peoples' rights to land.
By providing clarity regarding the status and boundaries of customary land, it is hoped that it can reduce the potential for conflict between indigenous peoples and other parties, including the government and investors.
(Liliyani et al.
BPN also plays a role in the development and implementation of zoning and spatial planning policies.
Through collaboration with local governments and other related agencies.
BPN is involved in preparing Regional Spatial Planning (RTRW) and detailed spatial planning This role is important in preventing disputes arising due to overlapping land use or nonconformity of land use with established spatial plans.
(Arnanto et al.
, 2.
In the context of preventing disputes related to business use rights (HGU).
BPN has an important role in the process of granting, extending and renewing HGU.
BPN evaluates and supervises the use and utilization of HGU land to ensure compliance with applicable designations and provisions.
This is regulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency Number 7 of 2017 concerning Arrangements and Procedures for Determining Cultivation Rights.
Through strict supervision, it is hoped that disputes can arise due to misuse of HGU or conflicts with surrounding (Hastuti, 2.
BPN also plays a role in developing and implementing land consolidation policies, both in urban and rural areas.
Land consolidation is a land policy regarding the restructuring of control, ownership, use and utilization of land in accordance with the Regional Spatial Plan.
Through land consolidation, it is hoped that it can create a more regular land control and use structure, thereby reducing the potential for disputes due to irregularities in land use and (Nur & Sarwadi, 2.
In an effort to prevent disputes related to abandoned land.
BPN has the authority to identify and control abandoned land.
This is regulated in Government Regulation Number 11 of 2010 concerning Controlling and Utilizing Abandoned Land.
By controlling abandoned 947 | P a g e https://dinastires.
org/JLPH Vol.
No.
May 2024 land, it is hoped that disputes can arise due to illegal control of land by parties who have no (Prasista et al.
, 2.
BPN also plays a role in developing and implementing environmentally sound land This includes efforts to prevent and handle land degradation, as well as protecting land that has a conservation function.
Through this policy, it is hoped that it can prevent the emergence of disputes related to environmental damage or unsustainable land use.
In the context of preventing disputes related to waqf land.
BPN collaborates with the Ministry of Religion in the waqf land certification process.
This is regulated in Government Regulation Number 42 of 2006 concerning Implementation of Law Number 41 of 2004 concerning Waqf.
Through waqf land certification, it is hoped that it can provide legal certainty and prevent disputes arising due to unclear status of waqf land.
BPN also plays a role in developing a system for managing public complaints regarding land issues.
Through this system, people can submit complaints or reports regarding the land problems they face.
BPN then carries out research and analysis of the complaint, and takes the necessary steps to prevent the problem from escalating into a more serious dispute.
(Annisa & Vionica, 2.
In an effort to improve service quality and prevent practices that have the potential to cause disputes.
BPN also implements a quality management system in carrying out its duties and functions.
This is realized through the implementation of ISO 9001:2015 within BPN, which aims to increase public satisfaction with land services and reduce the potential for errors in land administration.
Apart from that.
BPN is also active in collaborating and coordinating with various stakeholders, including local governments, non-governmental organizations, academics and the private sector.
This collaboration is important to build a common understanding of land problems and develop holistic and sustainable solutions in preventing land disputes.
(Epakartika et al.
, 2.
With the various roles and efforts carried out by BPN in preventing land disputes, it is hoped that a better land administration and management system can be created in Indonesia.
However, the effectiveness of BPN's role certainly still faces various challenges, including limited resources, the complexity of land issues, and socio-economic dynamics that continue to develop.
Therefore, continuous evaluation and improvement of land dispute prevention strategies and programs implemented by BPN is needed.
Challenges and Obstacles Faced by the National Land Agency in the Land Dispute Resolution Process The National Land Agency (BPN) faces various significant challenges and obstacles in the process of resolving land disputes in Indonesia.
The complexity of land issues, the diversity of socio-cultural conditions, as well as political and economic dynamics are the background to the emergence of various obstacles in BPN's efforts to carry out its function as an institution responsible for resolving land disputes.
The following are the challenges and obstacles faced by BPN:
Complexity and Diversity of Land Disputes One of the main challenges facing BPN is the complexity and diversity of land disputes in Indonesia.
Land disputes can arise in various forms, ranging from land boundary conflicts between individuals, ownership disputes between indigenous communities and the government or companies, to conflicts arising from overlapping land use permits.
This diversity requires different resolution approaches and often involves various parties with conflicting interests.
(Aksnudin, 2.
Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles (UUPA), which is the main basis for land law in Indonesia, although it has provided a basic framework, is not yet fully able to accommodate the complexity of contemporary land problems.
As a result.
BPN often has to deal with situations where the 948 | P a g e https://dinastires.
org/JLPH Vol.
No.
May 2024 existing legal framework does not provide clear and firm solutions for resolving certain Overlapping Authority and Coordination Between Institutions The next challenge is the overlap in authority and lack of coordination between government agencies in handling land disputes.
Although BPN has the main mandate in land administration, in practice, land dispute resolution often involves various other government agencies such as the Ministry of Environment and Forestry.
Ministry of Home Affairs, regional governments, and law enforcement agencies.
(Saputra et al.
Presidential Regulation Number 17 of 2015 concerning the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning which integrates BPN into the ministry structure, actually aims to strengthen coordination.
However, in its implementation, policy incongruities and overlapping authority often occur which hamper the dispute resolution process.
For example, in cases of land disputes in forest areas, there are often differences of opinion between BPN and the Ministry of Environment and Forestry regarding the status and use of the land.
Limited Human Resources and Budget BPN faces serious challenges related to limited human resources, both in terms of quantity and quality.
The number of BPN personnel who are competent in mediation and dispute resolution is often not commensurate with the number of cases that must be handled.
This is exacerbated by the unequal distribution of human resources, where BPN offices in remote areas often lack skilled personnel.
(Permono & Rosmidah, 2.
Regulation of the Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2014 concerning the Organization and Work Procedures of the National Land Agency has regulated the organizational structure of BPN, including the unit that handles land disputes.
However, the implementation of this regulation is hampered by limited budget and adequate human resources, especially at the regional level.
In addition, the complexity of modern land disputes requires diverse expertise, not only in legal and land administration aspects, but also a deep understanding of social, cultural and economic aspects.
Limitations in this case often result in the dispute resolution process being suboptimal or even (Sutaryono et al.
, 2.
Imperfect Land Administration System Another challenge faced by BPN is the land administration system which is not yet fully integrated and accurate.
There is still a lot of land in Indonesia that has not been registered or has a certificate, especially in areas that still adhere to the customary land ownership This incomplete land data often becomes a source of conflict and complicates the dispute resolution process.
(Syuib, 2.
Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration has regulated a systematic land registration mechanism.
However, the implementation is still far from perfect.
The Complete Systematic Land Registration Program (PTSL) which is regulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency Number 6 of 2018 is an effort to speed up land registration.
However, this process still faces various technical and social obstacles in the field.
Conflict with Customary Law and Local Wisdom Indonesia has a variety of customary laws and local wisdom related to land management which sometimes conflict with the formal legal system.
BPN often faces dilemmas in resolving disputes involving customary or ulayat land claims.
On the one hand.
UUPA recognizes the existence of customary rights, but on the other hand, this recognition is often difficult to implement in modern land administration systems.
(Suwitra, 2.
Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency Number 10 of 2016 concerning Procedures for Determining Communal Rights on Land of Customary Law Communities and Communities in Certain 949 | P a g e https://dinastires.
org/JLPH Vol.
No.
May 2024 Areas has attempted to accommodate the rights of indigenous communities.
However, in practice, the implementation of this regulation still faces various challenges, especially in terms of identifying and verifying the existence of customary law communities and the boundaries of their customary land.
Politicization of Land Disputes Land disputes often become politicized issues, especially in the context of regional head elections or local political dynamics.
This creates challenges for BPN in carrying out its functions objectively and professionally.
Political pressure can influence the decisionmaking process and hinder fair and transparent dispute resolution.
Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration has actually provided a basis for government officials, including BPN, to act professionally and not be influenced by political interests.
However, the implementation of good governance principles in the context of land dispute resolution still faces challenges, especially at the regional level.
Limited Authority in Executing Decisions BPN has the authority to facilitate mediation and make administrative decisions regarding land disputes.
However.
BPN does not have the authority to execute its own decisions, especially if there are parties who do not comply with the mediation results or administrative decisions issued.
This often results in ineffective dispute resolution.
(Sahnan et al.
, 2.
Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency Number 11 of 2016 concerning Settlement of Land Cases has regulated a mechanism for resolving disputes through mediation facilitated by BPN.
However, this regulation does not give BPN the authority to enforce the implementation of mediation results.
As a result, many cases that have been mediated have to return to court for execution, which extends the time for dispute resolution.
Dynamics of Land Use Change and Conflicts of Interest Rapid economic development and urbanization in Indonesia have resulted in significant land use changes.
Conversion of agricultural land into industrial or residential areas, as well as large-scale infrastructure projects, often trigger new land disputes.
BPN faces challenges in balancing the interests of economic development with the protection of community land rights.
(Syaban & Appiah-Opoku, 2.
Law Number 2 of 2012 concerning Land Acquisition for Development in the Public Interest has provided a legal framework for land acquisition.
However, its implementation often causes conflict, especially related to issues of compensation and relocation.
BPN, as an institution involved in the land acquisition process, often has to face a dilemma between facilitating development and protecting community rights to land.
Lack of Public Understanding of Land Law Another challenge faced by BPN is the public's low understanding of land laws and Many disputes arise due to people's ignorance about the importance of land certification, legal boundaries of ownership, or procedures for transferring land rights.
This condition makes it difficult for BPN to prevent and resolve disputes effectively.
(Suci Aulia & Sukirno, 2.
Regulation of the Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 of 2015 concerning the National Agrarian Program (PRONA) is an effort to increase public awareness of the importance of land certification.
However, the implementation of this program is still limited and has not been fully able to overcome the public's low understanding of land law.
Technology and Digitalization Challenges The digital era brings challenges as well as opportunities for BPN in resolving land On the one hand, technology can help in more accurate mapping, data collection and land administration.
However, on the other hand.
BPN faces challenges in adopting and implementing new technology evenly throughout Indonesia, especially in remote areas with limited infrastructure.
(Adinegoro, 2023.
Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian 950 | P a g e https://dinastires.
org/JLPH Vol.
No.
May 2024 Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency Number 1 of 2021 concerning Electronic Certificates has paved the way for the digitization of land However, the implementation of this electronic system still faces various obstacles, including uneven technological infrastructure, data security, and resistance from some people who are still more comfortable with conventional systems.
The challenges and obstacles faced by BPN in resolving land disputes in Indonesia are very complex and multidimensional.
Starting from legal, socio-cultural, political, to technological aspects, everything influences the effectiveness of BPN in carrying out its To overcome these challenges, a comprehensive and integrated approach is needed, involving not only internal reform of BPN, but also better coordination with relevant institutions, increasing public legal awareness, as well as improving the legal and land policy framework in Indonesia.
Efforts that have been made through various laws and regulations need to continue to be evaluated and refined to accommodate the dynamics of land problems that continue to develop.
In addition, strengthening BPN's institutional capacity, both in terms of human resources and infrastructure, is key in increasing the effectiveness of resolving land disputes in the future.
CONCLUSION
The National Land Agency (BPN) has a crucial role in efforts to prevent land disputes in Indonesia through various programs and strategies.
BPN's main role includes implementing a complete systematic land registration program (PTSL) to provide legal certainty over land ownership, developing an integrated land information system to increase data accuracy, providing electronic-based land services to facilitate public access, implementing land law counseling and socialization, developing officials.
Drafting of Land Deeds, involvement in the process of land acquisition for public purposes, implementation of agrarian reform programs, inventory of customary land, development of spatial planning policies, supervision of business use rights, implementation of land consolidation, control of abandoned land, certification of waqf land, as well as development of a public complaint management system .
Through these various efforts.
BPN is trying to create a better land administration and management system to minimize the potential for future disputes.
The National Land Agency (BPN) faces various complex challenges and obstacles in the process of resolving land disputes in Indonesia.
The main challenges include the complexity and diversity of land disputes, overlapping authority and lack of coordination between government institutions, limited human resources and budgets, imperfect land administration systems, conflicts with customary law and local wisdom, politicization of land disputes, limited authority in executing decisions.
, dynamics of changes in land use and conflicts of interest, lack of public understanding of land law, as well as technological and digitalization challenges.
The diversity of these problems requires different approaches and often involves various parties with conflicting interests, while BPN has to deal with limited resources and a legal framework that does not fully accommodate the complexity of contemporary land problems.
REFERENCE