Pitaloka, Y, A., Astuti, S, J, W. /JDG Vol. 15 No. 02 (2025) 303-311

ISSN 2303- 0089

e-ISSN 2656-949

DINAMIKA GOVERNANCE
JURNAL ILMU ADMINISTRASI NEGARA
http://ejournal.upnjatim.ac.id/index.php/jdg/index

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE KRPPA PROGRAM FOR GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN
BABAT JERAWAT VILLAGE
Yanesty Ayu Pitaloka*1, Sri Juni Woro Astuti 2
Universitas Wijaya Putra 1,2
*Email Corresponding: 21031025@student.uwp.ac.id
ARTICLE INFORMATION

ABSTRACT

Article history:
Received date : 9 September 2025
Revised date : 9 Oktober 2025
Accepted date : 10 Oktober 2025

The Women and Child Friendly Village Programme (KRPPA) is a government initiative
introduced by the Ministry of Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection to strengthen
gender mainstreaming and child protection at the local level. This study aims to analyse the
effectiveness of KRPPA in Babat Jerawat Urban Village, Surabaya. A qualitative descriptive
method was employed, involving five key informants consisting of DP3APPKB staff, village
officials, KSH cadres, community leaders, and female residents. Data were collected through
in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, and were analysed based on seven
dimensions of programme effectiveness: clarity of objectives, resources, participation,
coordination, programme quality, evaluation, and impact. The results indicate that KRPPA in
Babat Jerawat is “fairly effective”. Activities such as family health posts, parenting classes,
and premarital courses support the programme’s indicators, but implementation remains
limited to health and social aspects. The main obstacles are the lack of continuous training,
weak cross-agency coordination, and the absence of participatory evaluation. These findings
suggest that the effectiveness of KRPPA at the local level requires further strengthening in
terms of socialisation, cadre capacity building, and inter-agency synergy to achieve its
objectives more optimally.
Keywords: KRPPA; gender mainstreaming; women and children programs; program
effectiveness; Surabaya

INTRODUCTION
Gender-responsive
and
child-caring
development is an important agenda in public policy
in Indonesia. Since 2021, the Ministry of Women's
Empowerment and Child Protection (KemenPPPA)
has launched the Women Friendly and Child Caring
Village/ Urban Village (DRPPA/KRPPA) program
to strengthen gender mainstreaming and child
protection at the local level (Setkab, 2022). This
program is based on Presidential Instruction Number
9 of 2000 concerning Gender Mainstreaming and
was adapted to the regional level through Surabaya
City Regional Regulation Number 4 of 2019
(Pemerintah Kota Surabaya, 2020) and Mayor's
Regulation Number 43 of 2020 (Walikota Surabaya,
2020). These regulations provide both legal
legitimacy and technical guidance for the
implementation of KRPPA in Surabaya.

The urgency of this program is even more
evident when linked to the city's socio-economic
conditions. BPS data shows that the number of poor
residents in Surabaya had increased from 4.51% in
2019 to 5.23% in 2021, before slowly decreasing to
3.96% in 2024 (Surabaya, 2025). Although this trend
is encouraging, the vulnerability of women remains
high because most depend on the informal sector for
a living. Of the total 1.54 million working residents
in Surabaya, almost half are recorded as laborers,
freelancers, or unpaid family workers. Women make
up a larger proportion of those who work
independently, are family workers, and are in unpaid
employment compared to men (Surabaya, 2025).
This condition indicates that the decrease in poverty
does not necessarily eliminate the economic
vulnerability experienced by women.

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In terms of social protection, cases of
violence against women are also still alarming. The
Surabaya DP3APPKB recorded 93 cases in 2024,
consisting of 63 domestic violence cases and 30
sexual violence cases (Elaine, 2024). This situation
confirms that women remain in a vulnerable position,
making the strengthening of gender institutions at the
urban village level an urgent necessity.
A number of previous studies have shown
that the implementation of DRPPA/KRPPA in
various regions faces challenges. Martiani, Yuwono,
& Supratiwi (2023) found weak institutional
coordination in Purbalingga, while Enggareti,
Widowati, & Maesaroh (2022) emphasized that
program effectiveness is heavily influenced by local
capacity and cross-actor coordination. Aryatie,
Thalib, & Usanti (2022) highlighted the role of
village regulations in the prevention of child
marriage, while Darmaningrum & Ardiansyah
(2024) demonstrated the importance of female
leadership in DRPPA-based development. Obstacles
in the form of a lack of socialization and evaluation
were also revealed by Haslindatus (2022), Elaine
(2024), and Darmaningrum & Ardiansyah (2024).
However, research on the effectiveness of KRPPA in
Surabaya is still very limited, especially in urban
villages that have not yet received maximum
program strengthening.
The study by Indarto & Rahmawati (2024)
did examine KRPPA in Surabaya, but their focus was
on the role of Kader Surabaya Hebat (KSH) in
Manyar Sabrangan Urban Village as a community
actor in promoting a women-friendly and childcaring urban village. That study provided an
overview of the dynamics of the cadres but did not
assess the extent to which KRPPA is effective as a
public policy. This research takes a different
direction by comprehensively assessing the
program's effectiveness, including its achievements,
supporting and inhibiting factors, and its contribution
to strengthening gender institutions at the urban
village level. The context of Babat Jerawat further
reinforces the novelty of this research because, as of
mid 2025, the urban village had not received further
guidance related to KRPPA or Gender Responsive
Neighborhood Units. In fact, the DP3APPKB targets
guidance in three sub-districts every month, and as of
July 2025, only nine sub-districts with 44 urban
villages have received guidance, while Babat Jerawat
is not included. This condition indicates an
implementation gap that is important to study.
Theoretically, this research uses the
framework of program effectiveness proposed by
Campbell (1970) in Enggareti et al. (2022) which
emphasizes a program's ability to achieve

measurable goals in a complex context. The policy
implementation model of Van Meter and Van Horn
(1975) in Martiani et al. (2023) also strengthens the
analysis by highlighting the importance of
communication, resources, and the disposition of
implementers. From an organizational perspective,
Gibson (2000) in Haslindatus (2022) emphasizes the
alignment of organizational structure, process, and
behavior as a measure of effectiveness. These three
frameworks provide a relevant conceptual basis for
assessing the effectiveness of KRPPA at the local
level.
Based on this, the research problem is how
effective KRPPA is as a form of gender
mainstreaming implementation in Babat Jerawat
Urban Village, Surabaya. The objective of this
research is to analyze the effectiveness of the KRPPA
program's implementation, identify supporting and
inhibiting factors, and evaluate its contribution to
strengthening gender institutions at the local level.
RESEARCH METHODS
This research uses a qualitative method with
a descriptive approach. This method was chosen
because it aligns with the research objective, which
is to gain an in-depth understanding of how the
Women-Friendly and Child-Caring Urban Village
(KRPPA) program is implemented in Babat Jerawat
Urban Village and its impact on women's well-being.
The research focus is not on statistical figures, but on
the experiences, meanings, and social dynamics
directly felt by residents, especially women.
The research location was set in Babat
Jerawat Urban Village, Pakal District, Surabaya City.
This area was chosen purposively because it has been
designated as one of the implementing urban villages
for KRPPA, and it also has a diverse social character
with
active
community
participation
in
empowerment activities. Supporting data was
obtained from Surabaya City BPS documents and
official DP3APPKB reports which show a high
number of female residents and their level of
involvement in community-based programs.
The research duration was approximately
three months, from June to August 2025. In the
preparation stage, the researcher conducted a
literature study on program effectiveness and gender
mainstreaming, and prepared interview guidelines.
The research implementation stage was carried out
by collecting data through in-depth interviews and
field observations. Meanwhile, the analysis stage
was carried out through the process of transcribing
interview results, data coding, and organizing
information according to the seven dimensions of
program effectiveness which became the research
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reference. The data analysis process was carried out
thematically, emphasizing the links between
findings, and then compared with the theoretical
framework and previous research results.
Research informants were determined using a
purposive sampling technique, which is the selection
of subjects who are considered most relevant and
have direct experience related to the implementation
of KRPPA. The main informants included a Gender
Mainstreaming (PUG) staff member from the
Surabaya City DP3APPKB who understands the
policy framework and program implementation at
the city level, the Head of the Babat Jerawat Urban
Village Welfare Section who represents the role of
the urban village government, the Head of the Kader
Surabaya Hebat (KSH) RW 10 who is active in
mentoring and empowering residents, a housewife in
RW 10 who also serves as a KSH cadre, and a female
resident who is a program beneficiary. The number
of informants in this study is limited, primarily due
to the limited research time and access to informants.
Nevertheless, the selection of informants was carried
out purposively so that the data obtained remains
relevant to the research focus.
To maintain the credibility and validity of the
research, the researcher used source triangulation and
technique triangulation. Source triangulation was
carried out by comparing data from various
informants with different backgrounds, such as
government officials, cadres, and residents.
Technique triangulation was carried out by
comparing interview results with field observations
and regional regulations in the form of Regional
Regulations (Perda), Mayor's Regulations (Perwali),
as well as official indicators from the Ministry of
PPPA regarding KRPPA implementation, so that the
information obtained could strengthen each other.
This effort was made to minimize bias and increase
the validity of the research findings.
The analysis in this study refers to the theory
of program effectiveness according to Campbell
(1970 in Enggareti et al. (2022) and Gibson et al.
(2011 in Haslindatus (2022), which emphasizes the
importance of clear goals, availability of resources,
community
participation,
inter-institutional
coordination, quality of activities, implementation
evaluation, and program impact. In addition, the
official indicators of the Ministry of PPPA regarding
KRPPA implementation were used as a reference in
assessing achievements at the urban village level. To
enrich the analysis, this study also refers to the policy
implementation theory of Van Meter and Van Horn,
which emphasizes the importance of communication
among implementers, adequate resources, and sociopolitical conditions in determining the success of a

public policy. The integration of Campbell's
effectiveness theory and Van Meter & Van Horn's
implementation framework allows this research to
not only assess the program's success in terms of
indicator achievements but also from the dynamics
of implementation at the urban village level which
involves interaction among actors, institutional
support, and community participation.
Thus, the research method used is able to
provide a comprehensive picture of how KRPPA's
effectiveness in Babat Jerawat Urban Village is
formed, what factors support and hinder it, and how
this program contributes to gender mainstreaming
and child protection at the local level.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Clarity of Objectives and Planning
The Women-Friendly and Child-Caring
Urban Village (KRPPA) program in Babat Jerawat
Urban Village is part of the implementation of a
national policy initiated by the Ministry of Women's
Empowerment and Child Protection (KemenPPPA).
Initial socialization of the program was conducted on
August 20, 2024, and was implemented through
coordination between the urban village, RWs
(neighborhood associations), and community
leaders. The main objective of the program is to
create a safe, friendly, and conducive environment
for women and children, while also strengthening the
Gender Mainstreaming (PUG) strategy at the local
level.
A PUG staff member from the DP3APPKB
affirmed that the program has clear directions and
indicators as established by the KemenPPPA:
“KRPPA is part of the implementation of PUG…
The urban village encourages the RWs to be able to
fulfill the women-friendly and child-caring
indicators, especially those related to violence,
participation, and access to services.” (Interview,
Tuesday, June 24, 2025).
However, this understanding has not been
fully uniform at the urban village level. The Head of
the Babat Jerawat Welfare Section stated that the
objective of KRPPA is understood more as a tool for
the urban village to strengthen coordination with the
RWs so that activities can target women's and
children's issues. He stated: “After the socialization,
we helped coordinate with the RWs, so that the
activities could target children and women, at least
reducing violence, increasing activities, and
providing a safe space.” (Interview, Tuesday, June
17, 2025).
Meanwhile, the understanding at the cadre
level tends to be more practical. The Head of Kader
KSH RW 10 emphasized the importance of this
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program for assisting vulnerable groups, although the
term “KRPPA” is not fully understood by all cadres.
She explained: “Gender equality is important,
because we can't directly interfere in household
problems, but we can provide assistance and
education. For children, we have a family Posyandu
every month, from babies to the elderly, everyone
can be monitored.” (Interview, Thursday, July 10,
2025).
A similar sentiment was conveyed by a
female cadre and Head of the RT (neighborhood unit)
in RW 10. According to her, the community's
understanding of the KRPPA's objectives is more
often formed through routine activities: “The
activities may seem small, but they have many
benefits, they can increase knowledge about
parenting, maintaining health, and the mothers also
become enthusiastic about getting together.”
(Interview, Thursday, August 1, 2025).
From the general public's perspective,
understanding of the program's objectives is still
partial. A resident felt that the planning of activities
was often not suitable for the working hours of
residents: "The activities are actually good, but
sometimes the timing is not right, working mothers
cannot join. If it could be in the afternoon or on
weekends, more people could participate."
(Interview, Thursday, August 1, 2025).
These findings show that although the
objectives of KRPPA are quite clear at the official
level, at the urban village and community level,
understanding still varies. According to Campbell
(1970) in Enggareti et al. (2022), clarity of objectives
is an important requirement for implementers to
understand the direction of a policy. The lack of
clarity on the ground has the potential to cause
implementation bias. This finding is in line with
Martiani et al. (2023) in Purbalingga, who
emphasized that the clarity of the program's direction
is very decisive for the success of internalizing
gender values in the community.
Table 1 Clarity of Objectives and Planning
Informant
Findings
Analysis
Understands
PUG Staff, formal KRPPA
DP3APPKB indicators as part
of PUG
Urban
Village
Welfare
Section
Head

Objectives are
clear at the
departmental
level

Understands it as
a tool for
coordinating
Planning is
activities targeting still general,
women &
not technically
children (but there detailed
is an overlap in
understanding

between RPA and
KRPPA)
Focuses on
practical
assistance
Substantive
(Posyandu,
Head of
understanding,
education,
Kader KSH
not identical
violence cases)
RW 10
with the term
(but does not
KRPPA
know that the
program is part of
KRPPA)
Knows KRPPA's
objectives through
routine activities
Socialization
(SOTH,
is not explicit,
Cadre (Head Posyandu,
but is formed
of RT)
exercise, religious
through
study) (but does
practice
not know that the
program is part of
KRPPA)

Female
Resident

Considers the
activities good but
the time planning The objective
is not suitable for is not
working people
inclusive for
(only knows about all groups
pre-existing
activities)

Resources and Facilities
The implementation of the Women-Friendly
and Child-Caring Urban Village (KRPPA) Program
in Babat Jerawat Urban Village involves various
human resources (HR) and utilizes available local
facilities. In terms of HR, the program is supported
by urban village officials, RW (neighborhood
association) administrators, Kader Surabaya Hebat
(KSH) cadres, and residents who are involved
through routine activities. A PUG staff member from
the DP3APPKB emphasized that the presence of
cadres is the backbone of the activities: “The HR is
mostly from the urban village and the RW. Every
RW has at least one KSH cadre, and they are usually
empowered to carry out the activities.” (Interview,
June 24, 2025).
This was reinforced by the statement of the
Head of the Babat Jerawat Urban Village Welfare
Section, who said that in addition to RW officials,
assisting students from universities also helped with
a number of activities: “We use what is already
available, such as the RW hall or the PAUD (Early
Childhood Education) room. There are also activities
that are sometimes assisted by students who have
usually received training from the DP3APPKB or
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Karang Taruna (youth organization).” (Interview,
June 17, 2025).
The cadre structure at the RW level is quite
organized. The Head of Kader KSH RW 10 stated:
“In my RW, there are four RTs (neighborhood units),
and each RT usually has three cadres. So that's
enough to assist with activities, especially activities
like weighing or parenting.” (Interview, July 10,
2025). The role of cadres is not only limited to
technical implementation but also includes
coordination and mobilization of residents. This is
evident from the statement of a housewife who is also
a KSH cadre: “As cadres, we are part of the
implementers, who invite residents, arrange the
place, and help create attendance lists and
documentation. Sometimes we use the RW hall,
sometimes we borrow the PAUD room.” (Interview,
August 1, 2025).
In terms of facilities, KRPPA activities
mostly use facilities that are already available in the
community, such as RW halls and PAUD rooms.
Residents felt that these facilities were adequate
enough to support the activities, although there were
obstacles to the continuity of activities that still
depend on the readiness of the cadres. One resident
stated: “The RW hall is enough for activities, just
continue them. Sometimes the activities stop because
the cadres are busy or there is no schedule yet.”
(Interview, August 1, 2025).
These findings show that the availability of
HR and physical facilities is basically sufficient to
support the program's implementation. However,
limitations are still seen in terms of skills and
sustainability. Gibson et al. (2011) in Haslindatus
(2022) state that the availability of competent human
resources is a crucial factor for program
effectiveness. This condition is similar to Aryatie et
al., (2022) who found the need to strengthen the
capacity of cadres so that the implementation of PUG
programs is sustainable.
Table 2 Resources and Facilities
Condition in the
Aspect
Analysis
Field

HR

There are urban
Great
village officials, RW,
potential, but
KSH cadres, assisting
skills are not
students, the cadre
evenly
structure is quite
distributed
strong

Facilities

Adequate
RW halls and PAUD
and easily
rooms are used
accessible
routinely
infrastructure

There is no routine
training yet, activity
Technical
schedules are
Support
sometimes not
sustainable

Obstacles to
program
sustainability

Women's Participation
The participation of women in the WomenFriendly and Child-Caring Urban Village (KRPPA)
program in Babat Jerawat Urban Village shows a
fairly active involvement, although it is still more
dominant in health and social-based activities. The
most frequently attended activities include family
Posyandu, parenting classes (both offline and
online), group exercise, and routine religious studies.
These activities not only provide health services but
also serve as a means for education on child-rearing,
character building, and strengthening solidarity
among mothers.
The Head of Kader KSH RW 10 emphasized
that health activities, especially family Posyandu, are
the main entry point for women's participation:
“Family Posyandu is active. In our RW it also
continues to run, besides that there are also parenting
activities like SOTH, and those are usually of interest
to the mothers.” (Interview, Thursday, July 10,
2025).
She also added that the approach through
health activities is considered easier for the
community to accept: “Usually, activities like mobile
Posyandu are once a week, and the presence of health
workers also attracts a lot of residents. Through
activities like this, we insert education on parenting
and health.” (Interview, Tuesday, June 24, 2025).
The Head of the Babat Jerawat Urban Village
Welfare Section confirmed that parenting classes
held by the DP3APPKB, including those based
online, also expand the space for women's
participation: “The parenting classes are from the
department, but we usually help distribute the
invitations through cadres or RT-RW groups. The
active mothers usually participate.” (Interview,
Tuesday, June 17, 2025).
From the perspective of a beneficiary, a
female resident mentioned that these activities are
not only beneficial from an educational standpoint
but also strengthen social relationships: “Yes, we
sometimes join the religious studies, exercise, or
SOTH. I think it's important, because we also learn
how to raise children, and we can also share stories
and information with our neighbors.” (Interview,
Friday, August 1, 2025).
However, participation is not always
uniform. A Head of the RT and KSH cadre explained
that the level of resident attendance is heavily
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influenced by time factors and the topic of the
activity: “The active mothers will definitely
participate, but there are also those who are busy with
work. Usually, if the time is right, many people
come. The key is the schedule and an interesting
topic.” (Interview, Friday, August 1, 2025).
Overall, these findings show that women's
participation in Babat Jerawat is quite high in
practical activities, especially health and parenting,
but has not yet reached the strategic realm such as
decision-making. This shows a soft impact in the
form of increased awareness and social solidarity.
Indarto & Rahmawati (2024) found a similar trend in
Manyar Sabrangan, that initial women's participation
usually appears in practical activities before
developing into strategic areas.
Table 3 Women's Participation
Participation
Activity
Impact
Level
Increased health
awareness, a
forum for family
education

Family
Posyandu

High

Parenting
Classes
(including
SOTH,
Father's
Parenting
Class)

Increased insight
Medium–High into childrearing

Forum/PKK
& Religious Medium
Studies

Strengthened
social solidarity
among women

Group
Exercise

Medium

Pre-marital
Classes

Medium
(Partial)

Increased fitness
& togetherness
Better
preparation for
marriage

Coordination and Support
The coordination for the KRPPA program
implementation in Babat Jerawat Urban Village
involves various actors ranging from the Surabaya
City DP3APPKB, urban village officials, RWs,
cadres, and residents. The coordination mechanism is
carried out in the form of online meetings via Zoom,
routine communication via WhatsApp, and face-toface meetings at the RW hall or urban village office.
A PUG staff member from the DP3APPKB
stated: “We always coordinate with the urban village,
including in indicator reporting. There are also
usually online meetings, such as via Zoom, which
become a forum for discussion across RWs and
cadres.” (Interview, July 24, 2025)

The Head of the Urban Village Welfare
Section confirmed the same thing: “Our
communication is usually via WhatsApp, for both
meeting invitations and socialization. Sometimes we
also meet directly at the urban village office or during
RW activities.” (Interview, June 17, 2025)
The Head of Kader KSH RW 10 added that
local coordination meetings are often held by
combining the PKK and RW forums: “We have
routine meetings, sometimes at the RW hall,
sometimes we join PKK meetings. Usually, the
people who attend are the Head of the RW, cadres,
RTs, and the urban village also comes.” (Interview,
July 10, 2025)
However, most residents receive program
information indirectly, through the RT/RW channels
or WhatsApp groups. An RT Head stated: “Usually,
information from the urban village is sent to the RW,
then to the RT, and then we forward it to the residents
via the WA group.” (Interview, August 1, 2025)
This condition shows that coordination is
indeed running, but it is mostly informal and topdown, and has not yet involved cross-agency or nongovernmental institutions. According to Van Meter
& Van Horn (1975) in Martiani et al. (2023),
coordination among implementing actors determines
policy effectiveness. The condition in Babat Jerawat
is similar to the findings of Darmaningrum &
Ardiansyah (2024) in Pekalongan, where weak
synergy among actors hinders the success of PUG.
Table 4 Coordination and Support
Coordination
Actor
Analysis
Pattern
Top-down,
Has not yet
reporting and
actively
DP3APPKB
Zoom
involved other
coordination
agencies
Effective, but
Connects RW/RT
Urban
still limited to
via WA & faceVillage
technical
to-face meetings
communication
More
Routine local
operational,
Head &
meetings, joined minimal
KSH Cadres
with PKK forums structural
support

RT/RW

Information is
Distributes info fast, but
via WA/resident informal
groups
channels are
dominant

Residents

Receive info via Passive
RT/cadres, ask
participation,
neighbors
less direct
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access to
policy

Form and Quality of the Program
The implementation of the KRPPA program
in Babat Jerawat Urban Village is realized through
various activities, both offline at the RW level and
online facilitated by the Surabaya City DP3APPKB.
Routine activities at the RW level include family
posyandu, Early Childhood Education (PAUD),
group exercise, religious studies, and PKK forums.
Meanwhile, online activities such as Parenting
Classes, Pre-marital Classes (Catin), and Father's
Parenting are accessed through the Zoom
application.
The Head of Kader KSH RW 10 stated: “The
routine ones are family posyandu, PAUD, exercise,
religious studies. If there's one from the urban
village, we join, if not, we just run the RW activities.”
(Interview, July 10, 2025)
The Head of the Urban Village Welfare
Section added that the online activities are an
innovation from the DP3APPKB: “The parenting
classes are online, every Thursday, and the premarital classes are on Wednesdays. We forward the
info from the DP3APPKB to the cadres, and then
they spread it to the residents.” (Interview, June 17,
2025)
However, participation in online activities is
not yet uniform. A resident stated: “I know the online
ones exist, but I've never participated. I more often
join the ones at the RW, like posyandu or religious
studies.” (Interview, August 1, 2025)
A similar sentiment was conveyed by a Head of the
RT: “When there's an invitation for an activity, it's
usually distributed via the WA group. But if it's doorto-door or they are invited directly, more residents
show up.” (Interview, August 1, 2025)
In general, offline activities are considered
more effective because the atmosphere is more
familiar and easy to access, while online activities
provide flexibility but are constrained by technology
access. Martiani et al. (2023) confirmed that a clear
program identity helps residents recognize and assess
its success. These findings reinforce the importance
of integrating and labeling activities in Surabaya.
Table 5 Form and Quality of the Program
Activity
Frequency
Quality
Family Posyandu

Routine
monthly

PAUD & Religious
Weekly
Studies
Group Exercise
Weekly
PKK Forum

Monthly

High
Medium
Medium
Medium

Parenting Classes

Weekly online Medium

Pre-marital Classes Weekly online Medium
Father's Parenting

Monthly
online

Medium

Evaluation and Monitoring
The evaluation of the KRPPA program in
Babat Jerawat Urban Village so far has been more
administrative, in the form of reports on indicator
achievements from the urban village to the Surabaya
City DP3APPKB. A PUG staff member from the
DP3APPKB stated: “Evaluation is carried out based
on the completion of fulfillment indicators. So the
urban village reports the achievement of indicators
from each RW.” (Interview, July 24, 2025)
The Head of the Urban Village Welfare
Section added: “Every month we report to the
department, containing the achievement of indicators
from RW activities. But not all activities are formally
evaluated.” (Interview, June 17, 2025)
However, at the RW and community level,
evaluation is more informal. The Head of Kader KSH
admitted: “So far there has been no formal
evaluation. At most, it’s just a conversation between
cadres, or reporting to the Head of the RW if there
are problems.” (Interview, July 10, 2025). The same
thing was conveyed by other residents and cadres
who affirmed that feedback is usually conveyed
verbally, without a participatory mechanism or
written documentation.
This condition shows a gap between
administrative evaluation at the departmental level
and substantive evaluation at the community level. In
fact, according to KemenPPPA guidelines, an ideal
evaluation must be based on citizen participation so
that the social impact of the program can be recorded
more comprehensively. The weak social reflection
system in Babat Jerawat is in line with the findings
of Martiani et al. (2023) that the absence of
participatory
evaluation
can
hinder
the
internalization of program values.
Table 6 Evaluation and Monitoring
Ideal
Babat Jerawat
Aspect
(KemenPPPA)
Reality
Evaluation Participatory
Structured &
Reporting
reflective
Based on
Monitoring indicators &
impact

Administrative
Routine monthly,
formality
Not routine at the
RW level

Program Impact
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The KRPPA program in Babat Jerawat Urban
Village has had a number of positive impacts on the
community, especially regarding health awareness,
parenting patterns, and the strengthening of social
solidarity. A PUG staff member from the
DP3APPKB emphasized: “One of the KRPPA
indicators is related to child-rights-based parenting.
So the goal is indeed for residents' behavior to also
change... to be more sensitive, more aware.”
(Interview, July 24, 2025)
This is reflected in the increased participation
in family posyandu activities. The Head of the Urban
Village Welfare Section stated: “Mothers are now
more attentive. At the posyandu, it's not just babies
who are brought, sometimes the elderly are too. So
it's like all stages of a child's age are monitored.”
(Interview, June 17, 2025)
Behavioral changes are also seen in the way
parents raise their children after participating in
parenting activities. The Head of Kader KSH
observed: “Parents are more open-minded about
parenting styles. It's like children are being
monitored now.” (Interview, July 10, 2025)
In addition, residents also feel a stronger
social bond. A resident stated: “If we have activities
together, we can share experiences, especially about
children. Sometimes it also makes us more
enthusiastic about teaching our children at home.”
(Interview, August 1, 2025)
From a structural side, major impacts such as
a decrease in violence against women and child
marriage have not yet been clearly seen. This
condition is in line with Aryatie et al. (2022) who
emphasized that community-based programs usually
have a soft impact first before producing a hard
impact. This is consistent with the condition in Babat
Jerawat which is still in the early stages of
implementation.
Table 7 KRPPA Program Impact
Condition in
Impact
Analysis
the Field
Health
awareness

Parenting
patterns

Social
solidarity

Increased
(family
posyandu is
active)
Better
(parenting
classes,
SOTH, premarital
classes)
Strengthened
(PKK forums,
community
activities)

Direct effect of
health activities

Education
forms new
behavior

Increased social
support among
residents

Structural
impact
Needs time &
(domestic
Not yet visible long-term
violence, child
development
marriage)

The findings of this research show that the
effectiveness of the Women-Friendly and ChildCaring Urban Village (KRPPA) Program in Babat
Jerawat is at a “sufficient” level because even though
the activities are running and are relevant to the
KemenPPPA indicators, their implementation is still
partial and not yet fully integrated. This strengthens
the statement in the introduction that gender
mainstreaming (PUG) at the urban village level still
faces a gap between regulation and implementation.
The scientific novelty of this research lies in
the analysis of the seven dimensions of effectiveness
that combine program effectiveness theory
(Campbell & Gibson) with KemenPPPA indicators,
thus providing a comprehensive overview of the
supporting and inhibiting factors of KRPPA
implementation. This approach is different from
previous studies which tended to focus on one aspect,
such as women's participation (Indarto &
Rahmawati, 2024) or the role of leadership
(Darmaningrum & Ardiansyah, 2024).
Thus, the results of this study not only answer
the research objective of assessing the effectiveness
of KRPPA in Babat Jerawat, but also provide a
scientific contribution in the form of an analytical
model that can be replicated in other urban villages.
Its practical implication is that program
strengthening needs to be focused on sustainable
socialization, cross-sector coordination, and
evaluation based on citizen participation so that the
program's impact can be more widespread and
sustainable.
CONCLUSION
This study concludes that the effectiveness of
the Women-Friendly and Child-Caring Urban
Village (KRPPA) Program in Babat Jerawat Urban
Village can be categorized as sufficiently effective.
The program has provided a space for the
participation of women and children through
activities such as family posyandu, parenting classes,
and pre-marital classes. Nevertheless, its
implementation is not yet fully optimal as there are
still obstacles in terms of the sustainability of
guidance from the city government, limited resources
at the urban village level, and cross-sector
coordination that has not been fully maximized.
These findings indicate that the effectiveness of
program implementation, as theorized by Van Meter
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and Van Horn, is influenced by the clarity of
objectives, resources, communication among actors,
and external support. In the context of Babat Jerawat,
some of these dimensions still face obstacles,
especially in the aspects of cross-agency
coordination and participatory monitoring.
Based on these findings, the Surabaya City
Government and the DP3APPKB need to strengthen
citizen-based evaluation mechanisms, increase the
capacity of cadres through continuous training, and
expand cross-sector synergy so that KRPPA not only
functions as an administrative obligation but also has
a real impact on the well-being of women and
children. Further research is suggested to expand the
study location to several other urban villages in
Surabaya to capture variations in implementation and
see the extent to which local regulations (Perda and
Perwali) can be internalized at the grassroots level.
Additionally, future research could combine
qualitative and quantitative approaches to measure
more concrete achievements, for example, by
assessing the participation of adolescent girls, using
digital evaluation instruments like SIGAS, or
structural indicators such as the reduction of violence
and the prevention of child marriage.
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