RACHMAN ET AL.
Bio Palembanica 1.
: 41-47 .
This journal is available online at: https://ejournal.
Out of Sarawak.
Further Records Red-blue big-jawed spider Leucauge sarawakensis (Arachnida: Aranea.
in Southeast Asia NUR RACHMAN1.
MUHAMMAD SAYIDINA ALI1.
SURIANTO EFFENDI1 &
MUHAMMAD IQBAL1,2*
Daemeter Consulting.
Jalan Tangkuban Perahu No.
Bogor.
West Java 16128.
Indonesia E-mail: ornithologi95@gmail.
https://orcid.
org/0000-0002-9482-1103 E-mail: sayidina.
ali@daemeter.
https://orcid.
org/0009-0004-1093-5456 E-mail: surianto.
effendi@daemeter.
https://orcid.
org/0000-0001-6577-4654 Department of Biology.
Universitas Indo Global Mandiri.
Jalan Jend.
Sudirman No.
Palembang 30129.
Sumatera Selatan.
Indonesia.
*Corresponding Author.
E-mail: miqbal@uigm.
https://orcid.
org/0000-0002-6657-0183 Received 29 April 2024iCAccepted by I.
Aprillia: 24 May 2024iCPublished online 30 June 2024.
Abstract Red-blue big-jawed spider Leucauge sarawakensis is a spider species described in 2015 from specimens collected in Sarawak.
Malaysian Borneo.
Since 2015, there are many records of L.
sarawakensis reported by citizen science platform.
To update recent distribution of L.
sarawakensis, we compile distribution of the species from confirmed reports and our observations.
This study suggest L.
sarawakensis recorded far away out c.
km distance from Sarawak, and distribution of this species range from Vietnam.
Thailand.
Malaysia.
Singapore.
Brunei and Indonesia (Sumatra and Kalimanta.
Keywords: Borneo, tetragnathidae, range.
Opadometa sarawakensis.
Red-blue opadometa.
Introduction As a class of certain taxon.
Arachnids or Arachnida are found throughout the world (Beccaloni 2.
Arachnids are joint-legged invertebrate animals with six pairs of appendages, lack of antenae, incapable of flight, body divided into two parts, book lungs and simple eyes (Venkataraman 2.
They posses a hard external covering called the exoskeleton .
that constructed of various layers, like pasta sheets in a lasagne (Beccaloni 2.
Spiders (Order Arenea.
are the largest order of arachnids, 000 described species, and this probably represent only a portion of the actual number (Ruppert & Barnes 1.
The Order Areneae is usually divided into three suborders, and of all belong more than 90% to the Areneomorphae or Labidognatha (Foelix 1.
One family of suborder Areneomorphae is Family Tetragnathide, a group of spider with large chelicerae, giving their common name of big-jawed spiders (Venkataraman 2.
This family sometimes included in the Family Araneidae, but have sufficient structural preculiarities for them to be in their own family (Preston-Mafham & Preston-Mafham 1.
As a biodiversity hotspot in Oriental region.
Southeast Asia is home for at least 3.
617 species of spiders in 69 families (Murphy & Murphy 2.
Red-blue big-jawed spider Leucauge sarawakensis is a species of spider only found in Southeast Asia.
Described from Sarawak in 2015 as Opadometa sarawakensis.
Leucauge sarawakensis was previously known from Brunei and Malaysian Borneo (Koh & Ming 2014.
Dzulhelmi et al.
The female of L.
sarawakensis has distinct features, and make this species relatively easy to identified (Koh & Ming 2014.
Koh et al.
Here, we summarize further records of L.
sarawakensis from our observations and confirmed citizen science reports.
This paper suggest L.
sarawakensis widely distributed in Southeast Asia, range from Vietnam.
Thailand.
Peninsular Malaysia.
Sumatra and Borneo (Brunei.
Malaysian Borneo and Kalimanta.
Out of Sarawak Methods We compiled all unpublished and published reports on L.
The sites where the species reported are put on the map (Fig.
From June 2021 to March 2023, we have opportunities for conducting biodiversity surveys in Sumatra and Kalimantan.
During the surveys, we have some observations and documentations of L.
sarawakensis in the field.
Most of the documentations are taken coindentally, without some specific certain methods being assigned.
All the sightings of L.
are discovered during daylight, ranging between 08.
00 a.
00 p.
Records of L.
sarawakensis were obtained from published papers and internet supported with photographs or other evidence .
location, habitat type, morphology and description from citizen science report.
All informations presented herein were verified.
and ambiguous or unconfirmed records were rejected.
iNaturalist as a largest online platform of public sharing biodiversity information is a major source to help data collection on L.
NaturalistGT 2.
Figure 1.
Map of known records of L.
sarawakensis, solid triangles are previously known from various confirm reports and yellow traingles are our field records in Sumatra and Kalimantan.
RACHMAN ET AL.
Results and Discussion The spiders were identified as L.
sarawakensis by the distinct following features of the female: pearshaped abdomen overhanging the cephalothorax with srikingly coloured in metallic blue and red, each tibia IV is armed with thick brush of black spines and there is an additional brush on tibia I.
The male has an orange circular spot on the venter and two orange spots on the sides of the abdomen.
The male is smaller, and usually overlooked in the field (Fig.
The historical records of L.
sarawakensis are summarize in Table 1.
Table 1.
The known records of red-blue big-jawed spider Leucauge sarawakensis based our observation and various confirmed sources.
Note: NR (Nur Rachma.
MSA (Muhammad Sayidina Al.
SE (Surianto Effend.
MI (Muhammad Iqba.
Date 16 Mar 2007 27 Jul 2008 26 April 2013 2 Mar, 8 May 2014 29 Jan 2015 27 Nov 2015 Oct 2016 .
7 Mar 2017 14 May 2017 1 Jul 2017 Feb 2018.
24 Feb 2018 1 Mar 2018 19 Aug 2018 A 17 Jan 2020 12 Mar 2021 10 Jun 2021 16 Jun 2021 21 Jan 2022 29 Apr 2022 May 2022 .
12 Jun 2022 A 5 Aug 2022 9 Aug 2022 15 Aug 2022 7 Nov 2022 19 Nov 2022 Nov 2022 .
28 Nov 2022 29 Dec 2022 2022 .
15 Jan 2023 17 Jan 2023 18 Jan 2023 2 Feb 2023 20 Feb 2023 24 Feb 2023 1 Mar 2023 Location Sources/Observers West Kalimantan.
Indonesia Sarawak.
Malaysia Sarawak.
Malaysia Sabah.
Malaysia Sabah.
Malaysia Sabah.
Malaysia Aceh Selatan.
Indonesia Sarawak.
Malaysia K'Bang.
Vietnam Sabah.
Malaysia Sabah.
Malaysia Sarawak.
Malaysia Pahang.
Malaysia Johor.
Malaysia Sarawak.
Malaysia West Kalimantan.
Indonesia West Kalimantan.
Indonesia Central Kalimantan.
Indonesia Mueang Satun.
Thailand West Kalimantan.
Indonesia Johor.
Malaysia Johor.
Malaysia Sungai Kolok.
Thailand Waeng.
Thailand A K'Bang.
Vietnam Central Kalimantan.
Indonesia Lumapas.
Brunei Sungai Padi.
Thailand K'Bang.
Vietnam West Kalimantan.
Indonesia Singapore Pahang.
Malaysia Sabah.
Malaysia Jambi.
Indonesia East Kalimantan Johor.
Malaysia Sabah.
Malaysia Sungai Kolok.
Thailand iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 Dzulhelmi et al.
iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 Miller et al.
iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 NR.
MSA.
SE.
NR.
MSA.
SE.
iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 Koh et al.
iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 NR.
MSA.
SE.
iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 Number in the map (Fig.
Out of Sarawak 5 Mar 2023 5 Mar 2023 14 Mar 2023 17 Apr 2023 6 Jun 2023 18 Jun 2023 18 Jul 2023 25 Jul 2023 4 Aug 2023 6 Aug 2023 19 Aug 2003 11 Sep 2023 17 Sep 2023 24 Sep 2023 18 Nov 2023 11 Dec 2023 17 Dec 2023 A Feb 2024 .
23 Feb 2024 11 Mar 2024 18 Mar 2024 26 Apr 2024 11 Dec 2022 Ayutthaya.
Thailand Waeng.
Thailand A Aceh Singkil.
Indonesia Central Kalimantan.
Indonesia K'Bang.
Vietnam Sarawak.
Malaysia Jambi.
Indonesia Lampung.
Indonesia Sukhirin.
Thailand Johor.
Malaysia Pahang.
Malaysia Sabah.
Malaysia Johor.
Malaysia Sukhirin District.
Thailand A West Kalimantan.
Indonesia Central Kalimantan.
Indonesia Pahang.
Malaysia Sarawak.
Malaysia Sabah.
Malaysia Sarawak.
Malaysia Johor.
Malaysia Johor.
Malaysia Central Kalimantan.
Indonesia iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 NR.
MSA.
SE.
iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 iNaturalistGT 2024 We determined the spider as L.
sarawakensis as the characteristics agreed with the illustations of approriate references (Koh & Ming 2014.
Dzulhelmi et al.
Koh & Bay 2018.
Miller et al.
Koh et al.
The body length of male is 3 mm .
rom the cephalothorax or head to the tip of abdomen of mature specimens, exlude the legs, as well as any protruding chelicerae or jaw.
and the female is 9 mm.
The smaller size between male and female make the male frequently overlooked in the The firs descriptions of L.
sarawakensis in 2015 are based from female specimens without male specimens (Dzulhelmi et al.
Figure 2.
Female L.
sarawakensis on 14 March 2023 in Aceh Singkil.
Aceh.
Sumatra (Photograph by Surianto Effend.
RACHMAN ET AL.
Figure 2.
Female L.
sarawakensis on 18 November 2023 in peatswamp forest of Seluan River.
Putussibau.
West Kalimantan Province.
Indonesia (Photograph by Muhammad Iqba.
Figure 3.
Female L.
sarawakensis on 17 November 2023 in Sangkulirang.
Kutai Timur District.
East Kalimantan Province.
Indonesia (Photograph by Surianto Effend.
Out of Sarawak Figure 4.
Female L.
sarawakensis on 18 November 2023 in Mempawah.
West Kalimantan Province.
Indonesia (Photograph by Muhammad Iqba.
Dzulhelmi et al.
reported L.
sarawakensis is first new species of spiders based on the specimen collections from Bako National Park.
Sarawak.
Malaysian Borneo.
The presence of this species has been reported by Koh & Ming .
from Brunei.
The record of this species out from Sarawak and Borneo is reported in October 2016 from photo documentation from Aceh.
Sumatra.
Indonesia .
NaturalistGT 2.
On 1 March 2018, the species was reported for first time from Pahang.
Malay Peninsula .
NaturalistGT 2.
On 21 January 2022, this spider was documented first time in Thailand, from Mueang Satun region .
NaturalistGT 2.
On 6 June 2023, the L.
reported presence in Vietnam from photo documentation in K'Bang District .
NaturalistGT 2.
The record from Aceh (Sumatr.
and K'Bang District (Vietna.
are far away c.
000 km from Bako National Park.
Sarawak .
ocation of female holotype collectio.
The records of L.
sarawakensis outside from Sarawak and Borneo Island indicate this species has wide range in Southeast Asia.
The most probable argumentation why L.
sarawakensis has only been discovered in Vietnam.
Thailand.
Singapore and Indonesian Borneo because spiders are little explored.
The field guide for spiders in Southeast Asia is very limited, particularly a guide with local language.
Furthermore, the lack of local spider experts in Southeast Asian countries drive the species being overlooked by biologists.
The records of L.
sarawakensis in Vietnam.
Thailand.
Malaysia.
Singapore.
Brunei and Indonesia (Sumatra and Kalimanta.
suggest the range of the species is endemic to Southeast Asia.
Acknowledgments We thank Daemeter Consulting for facilitating us conducted various biodiversity surveys in Sumatra and Kalimantan.
MI thank Universitas Indo Global Mandiri for allowing field visits during data
Finally, we thank anonymous reviewers who provided many valuable suggestions for this References