THE EFFECT OF HEALTH EDUCATION WITH AUDIOVISUAL METHODS ON
KNOWLEDGE FIRST AID FOR BURN ON HOUSEWIVES
IN GENERAL POLY ROOM PKM PURI MOJOKERTO REGENCY
Binarti Dwi Wahyuningsih UNIVERSITY Bina Sehat PPNI Mojokerto dwiwahyuni@gmail.
ABSTRACT
Keywords Burns are a form of trauma that occurs as a result of human activities in the household, industry, or natural disasters.
Lack of knowledge makes many people still believe that using toothpaste, ice, raw egg white, soy sauce can heal burns, after doing research on kitchen ingredients it will worsen burns because they will expand and not stop the spread of burns.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health education with audiovisual methods on knowledge of burn wound first aid among housewives in General Poly Room PKM Puri Mojokerto Regency.
The population in this study were housewives in General Poly Room PKM Puri Mojokerto Regency.
as many as 60 people.
Sampling in this study using purposive sampling.
The sample in this study were all housewives as many as 50 people.
Before being given health education on first aid burns, the level of knowledge was less than 28 people .
%).
After being given health education about first aid for burns using the audiovisual method, some of the respondents had good posttest scores with a total of 33 respondents .
%).
Atatistic test using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test with the help of SPSS obtained a significance level of a = 05 and the results were p = 0.
000 which means p <0.
05, namely H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, which means that there is an effect of health education with audiovisual methods on aid knowledge.
The first is burns to housewives in General Poly Room PKM Puri Mojokerto Regency.
Health Education.
Audiovisual.
Burns.
Knowledge Level International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Science (IJNMS).
Volume 9.
Issue 3.
December 2025
INTRODUCTION
1 BACKGROUND
Burns are a form of trauma that occurs as a result of human activities in the household, industry, and natural disasters.
As technology advances, much inaccurate information is available, so family members need to receive accurate information about first aid for burns.
Housewives are the most vulnerable to burns, as they play a key role in the family and are frequently exposed to fire and electricity (Ramdani, 2.
This lack of knowledge leads many people to believe that using toothpaste, ice, raw egg whites, and soy sauce can heal burns.
Research has shown that these kitchen ingredients can worsen burns by widening the wound and not stopping its spread (Muthohharoh, 2.
Factors influencing the level of knowledge include knowledge, information, education, social and cultural factors, and age.
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated in 2021 that 265,000 deaths occur annually worldwide due to burns.
The results (Riskesdas, 2.
stated that the proportion of accidents causing injuries that can disrupt daily activities in Indonesia has increased, namely Places where injuries often occur are at home and the environment by 44.
(Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2.
Data on the prevalence of burn cases in East Java is around 0.
7%, the number of deaths due to burns is around 41% of all burn sufferers who are treated, deaths generally occur in burns with an area of more than 50% or in burns accompanied by injuries to the respiratory tract.
Based on the results of a preliminary study carried out on September 10, 2025 at the PKM Puri General Polyclinic Room.
Interviews with 10 respondents, including housewives, revealed that burns frequently occur in the home, such as from cooking oil, hot water, electric irons, and exhaust pipes.
Six housewives reported inappropriate initial treatment, including using toothpaste.
two using soy sauce.
two fanning the wound or ignoring the Implementing health education on first aid for burns is deemed essential to improve practice and knowledge, and to correct ancient traditions still widely believed in by the community (Murti, 2.
To improve housewives' knowledge of first aid for burns, a health education method is To achieve this, the study included an audiovisual method, namely a video demonstrating first aid for burns.
The goal is to improve mothers' understanding and not simply guesswork.
Based on the above background and a preliminary study of incorrect first aid for burns performed in the area, the researcher is interested in conducting a study on "The Effect of Health Education Using Audiovisual Methods on First Aid Knowledge for Burns Among Housewives at the General Polyclinic of PKM Puri.
Mojokerto Regency.
2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of health education using audiovisual methods on first aid knowledge for burns among housewives at the General Polyclinic of PKM Puri.
Mojokerto Regency.
3 Research Benefits 1 For Educational Institutions The research results are expected to provide insight or information for readers, especially students, regarding first aid knowledge for burns among housewives.
2 For Respondents To provide knowledge in providing first aid
for burns and to increase the knowledge of LITERATURE REVIEW
1 HEALTH EDUCATION CONCEPT
1 Definition of Health Education Health education is an educational (Notoatmodjo, 2.
Health education is an educational concept applied in the health This activity is carried out by disseminating messages and instilling confidence in the community to better understand health-related issues, aiming to change unhealthy individual and community behaviors to healthy ones (Sari et al.
, 2.
According to Jurisa .
, education from health workers is providing support by providing information related to current health problems.
2 Goals of Health Education According to Hidayat .
, the goals of health education are to change International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Science (IJNMS).
Volume 9.
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December 2025 public beliefs and behaviors regarding health, establish health as something valued within society, provide people with knowledge to prevent the development of illness independently, and encourage visits to health care facilities.
3 Targets of Health Education According to (Siregar, 2.
, the targets of health education in Indonesia, based on the Indonesian development program, are:
The general public, with a focus on rural The general public, with a focus on specific groups, such as women, youth, and Targeting specific groups such as educational institutions ranging from kindergarten to private and public Targeting individuals using individual health education techniques.
4 Health Education Methods According to Notoatmodjo .
, health education methods are divided into three Individual Method This method is divided into two forms:
Guidance and Counseling .
Interviews Group Method This group method must take into account whether the group is large or small, as the method used will differ.
The effectiveness of the method will also depend on the size of the educational target.
Large Group .
Lecture This method is suitable for both high and low-educated individuals.
Seminar This method is suitable for large groups with high school education.
A seminar is a presentation by an expert or several experts on a specific topic.
Small Group .
Small Discussion In this group, the group leader positions themselves between the groups.
Each group positions themselves among the other Each group has the freedom to express their opinion.
The leader usually directs the discussion to ensure there is no dominance between groups.
Brainstorming This is a modified form of group discussion.
Each group presents its opinion, which is written on the board.
While giving opinions, no one is allowed to comment on anyone's opinion until everyone has expressed their Then, each member comments, and a discussion ensues.
Snowballing Everyone is divided into pairs, with two people per pair.
Then, a question is given, and approximately 5 minutes are given.
Two pairs of four people join together to discuss the question.
Then, the two pairs of four join another group, and so on until a whole class is formed, and a discussion ensues.
Buzz Groups The group is divided into small groups, then a question is posed.
Each group discusses the problem, and then draws conclusions from the group.
Role Play Some group members are assigned to play a role, such as a doctor, nurse, or midwife, while others play the role of a patient or member of the public.
Simulation Game This method combines role play with group Health messages are presented in various forms, such as Monopoly, with some people playing roles and others acting as resource persons.
Mass Method This approach is generally carried out indirectly or through mass media.
Definition of Audiovisual Audiovisual is a medium that is absorbed through sight and hearing, thus creating conditions that enable a person to acquire knowledge, skills, or attitudes that are used to help achieve learning objectives (Harianto, 2.
Audiovisual is media that contains visual and audio elements, such as video recordings, slides, audio, and so on (Sanjaya.
Audiovisual is a combination of independently, such as slides combined with audio cassettes (Joni Purwono, 2.
6 Types of Audiovisual Audiovisual media is divided into two types:
International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Science (IJNMS).
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December 2025 Still audiovisual, which is media that displays sound and images, such as sound frames .
ound slide.
Moving audiovisual, which is media that can display sound and moving images, such as film and video.
Both types of media are generally used for 7 Advantages and Disadvantages of Audiovisual Media Audiovisual media has several advantages and uses, including:
Clarifying the presentation of messages so they are not too verbalistic .
n the form of words, written or spoke.
) Overcoming limitations of space, time, and sensory capacity, such as replacing overly large objects with reality, images, film frames, films, or models.
Audio-visual media can play a role in tutorial learning.
8 Educational Media According to (Aeni & Yuhandini, 2.
, communication channel used to convey health messages.
Media is divided into three categories: print, electronic, and billboards.
Print Media .
Booklets: to convey messages in the form of written or visual messages, usually targeting people who can read.
Leaflets: conveying messages through folded sheets, usually containing images or writing, or usually both.
Flyers .
are similar to leaflets but are not folded.
Flip charts .
lip chart.
provide health information in the form of flip charts and For example, there are pictures with captions on the reverse side.
Rubik's cubes or articles in newspapers or magazines regarding health-related matters.
Posters: Printed media containing health messages, usually posted on walls.
Photos: Information about health issues.
Electronic Media .
Television: In the form of TV lectures, soap operas, dramas.
Q&A discussion forums, and so on.
Radio: Radio lectures, sports radio.
Q&A chats, and so on.
Video Compact Discs (VCD.
Slides: Slides can also be used as information media.
Film strips can also be used to convey health messages.
Billboards Boards installed in public places can be used and filled with health messages.
2 Knowledge 1 Definition of Knowledge Knowledge or cognitive skills are the result of "knowing" after a person senses a (Nugraha.
Knowledge is the result of knowing, and this occurs after sensing a particular object.
Sensing occurs through the five human senses, namely sight, smell, hearing, touch, and taste (Samuel, 2.
3 Factors Influencing Knowledge According to (Gontor, 2.
, the factors influencing knowledge are as follows:
Knowledge Knowledge is closely related to education, where it is expected that someone with higher education will have broader However, it should be emphasized that a person with less education does not necessarily have less knowledge.
Increased knowledge is not necessarily obtained through formal education.
it can also be obtained through non-formal A person's knowledge about an object also contains two aspects: positive and negative.
These two aspects ultimately determine a person's attitude toward that particular object.
Information/Mass Media Information obtained from both formal and non-formal education can have a short-term impact, resulting in changes or increases in knowledge.
Technological developments will provide a variety of mass media that can influence public knowledge about new innovations.
) Environment The environment is everything surrounding an individual, including the physical, biological, and social environment.
The environment influences the process of knowledge acquisition within individuals within that environment.
This occurs due to reciprocal or indirect interactions, which are International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Science (IJNMS).
Volume 9.
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December 2025 then responded to as knowledge by each .
Social.
Cultural, and Economic Customs and traditions are practices that people practice without considering whether they are good or bad.
Thus, a person's knowledge increases even without engaging in them.
A person's economic status also determines the availability of necessary facilities for certain activities, thus socioeconomic status influences a person's .
Experience Learning experiences in the workplace provide professional knowledge and skills, and learning experiences during work can develop decision-making skills, which are a manifestation of the integration of scientific and ethical reasoning based on real-world problems in the field of work.
Age Age influences a person's comprehension and thought patterns.
As age increases, comprehension and thought patterns develop, resulting in improved knowledge 4 Knowledge Level Criteria According to (Nursallam, 2.
, a person's knowledge can be interpreted using a qualitative scale, namely:
Good Knowledge: 76%-100% Sufficient Knowledge: 56%-75% Poor Knowledge: <55% 3 Concept of First Aid 1 Definition of First Aid First aid is the provision of immediate assistance to a sick or injured person requiring basic medical treatment.
This first aid is administered by the first responder on the scene who is competent and trained in medical care (Hamidie, 2.
2 Purpose of First Aid The purpose of first aid for burns is to stop the burning process, cool the burn, and reduce pain.
The success or failure of burn treatment is influenced by each person's level of knowledge (Killing, 2.
According to Hamidie .
, the goals of first aid are:
To save the life of the patient.
Prevent permanent disability Provide a sense of safety and comfort to the victim 3 First Aid Guidelines The principles that must be adhered to by first aid providers (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia 2.
are as follows:
Rescuers must protect themselves first before acting.
Secure the victim from any disturbance at the scene so that they are free from danger.
Mark the scene so that others are aware that an accident has occurred.
Try to contact an ambulance, doctor, hospital, or the authorities.
Provide first aid to the victim in the correct order.
4 First Aid for Burns The goal of first aid for burns is to reduce pain, prevent infection, and prevent and manage shock that may be experienced by the victim (Atikah Fatmawati, 2.
The following is first aid for burns according to First-degree or minor burns First aid for first- and second-degree burns involves stopping or eliminating the source of the burn, then immediately removing jewelry or clothing around the burned skin (American Burn Association, 2.
Next, cool the burned area by running water under it for 10 minutes (Kuldeep S et al, 2.
The benefit of running water under the burn for approximately 10 minutes is to lower the temperature of the skin tissue, thereby minimizing damage.
First-, second-, and third-degree burns can be treated with proper first aid (Sjamsuhidajat & de Jong, 2.
Second-degree or moderate burns Second-degree .
burns require topical antibiotics on the first day to prevent Antibiotic administration has undesirable effects, including toxicity, selection of pathogenic organisms, and resistance (MRSA) due to inappropriate antibiotic selection, dosage, route, and duration of administration (Supia & Yuniartika, 2.
Third-degree or severe burns Call an ambulance or go to the emergency room immediately for all cases of severe While waiting for medical assistance to arrive, you can:
Ensure the cause of the burn has been Do not remove burning clothing that is stuck to the skin, but ensure the victim is no longer in contact with hot or glowing International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Science (IJNMS).
Volume 9.
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December 2025 Ensure the victim is still breathing.
breathing has stopped, perform mouth-tomouth rescue breathing.
If the victim's airway is suspected to be blocked, try to clear it first.
Cover the burn with a dry, sterile bandage or clean cloth.
Avoid using blankets or towels because they are dangerous and tend to stick to the A sheet can be used if the burn area is Do not apply ointment or pop burn (Stevan Wedi Kurniawan, 2.
According to Tiong .
, treating burns by running cold water at 2-15AC for approximately 20 minutes can promote healing, limit the depth of the burn, and reduce pain.
Cold water can progressively reduce tissue damage.
Treating burns with ice water is not recommended because it can cause further damage to the skin tissue.
Toothpaste, butter, cooking oil, and other household ingredients are also not recommended for treating burns because they can damage skin tissue and increase the risk of infection.
Therefore, the correct and appropriate method for treating first- and second-degree burns is to run water for approximately 10 minutes, and cover the wound with sterile gauze, or clean gauze.
(Risqiana, 2.
3 Burn Classification The duration of tissue contact with the heat source determines the extent and depth of tissue damage.
The longer the contact time with the heat source, the more extensive and deeper the tissue damage (Rahayuningsih, 2.
First-degree burns or minor burns First-degree burns are characterized by superficial burns with damage to the epidermis, or outermost layer.
They are generally not accompanied by blisters, redness at the burned area, mild swelling, pain, but the skin is not torn due to blistering, and no blisters.
The pain is due to irritation of sensory nerve endings.
The pain subsides after 24 hours.
Second-degree burns or moderate burns Second-degree burns occur in the epidermis and part of the underlying dermis.
Symptoms generally include redness, blisters, swelling that persists for several days, moist, painful skin, and pink spots called bullae.
These blisters heal through reepithelialization.
Third-degree burns or severe burns Third-degree burns affect the entire dermis, or the deepest layer of skin.
All secondary skin organs are damaged, and the ability to regenerate spontaneously or re-epithelialize is lost.
Symptoms generally include a white or blackish-brown, dry, crushed area with minimal pain due to damaged nerve endings.
It usually does not blister and heals with 4 Burn Assessment Various methods for determining burn extent (Clevo, 2.
Rule of Nines The Rule of Nines is a quick way to calculate the burned area using multiples of nine as a Measuring the surface area of a burn is important in estimating fluid resuscitation needs, as patients with severe burns will become dehydrated due to the removal of the skin barrier.
This tool can be used for second- and third-degree burns .
lso referred to as partial-thickness and fullthickness burn.
and assists providers in rapidly assessing the severity and need for intravenous fluids.
Changes to the Rule of Nines can be made based on body mass index (BMI) and age (Moore & Burns, 2.
Figure 2.
4 The Rule of Nines in burns RESEARCH METHODS Research Design This research uses a "Pre-Experimental" design with a plan to use a One-Group International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Science (IJNMS).
Volume 9.
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December 2025 Pretest-Posttest.
This begins with a pretest, and after the audiovisual materials are provided, a posttest will be conducted (Polit 1 Population The population in this study was 60 housewives at the PKM Puri General Polyclinic.
Mojokerto Regency.
2 Sampling This study used purposive sampling, a sampling technique that uses specific The sample criteria used by this study are:
1 Inclusion Criteria Inclusion criteria are criteria that filter population members into samples that meet theoretical criteria that are appropriate and related to the research topic and conditions.
The inclusion criteria in this study are:
Housewives who own an Android phone.
Ages 20-40 years.
Housewives who agreed to be respondents 2 Exclusion Criteria Exclusion criteria are criteria that can be used to exclude sample members from the inclusion criteria, or in other words, characteristics of population members that cannot be taken as samples.
Housewives who suddenly become ill while becoming respondents Identification of Research Variables and Operational Definitions The independent variable is the variable that causes changes or the emergence of the dependent variable (Hidayat, 2.
In this study, the independent variable is health education using audiovisual methods.
The dependent variable is the variable that is influenced by or results from the independent variable (Hidayat, 2.
In this study, the dependent variable is the knowledge of first aid for burns among Statistical Test Analysis The analysis of the influence of health education using audiovisual methods on first aid knowledge for burns among housewives was conducted using the Wilcoxon signedrank test.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
GENERAL DATA
Table 1.
Frequency Distribution of Respondents by Age at the PKM Puri General Clinic.
Mojokerto Regency.
September 2025.
Table 1 shows that the majority of respondents .
respondents or 40.
0%) are Learning experiences during work will develop decision-making skills, which are a manifestation of the integration of scientific and ethical reasoning based on real-world problems in their field of work.
SPECIFIC DATA
Respondent Characteristics Based on housewives' knowledge before receiving health education on first aid for burns using audiovisual methods.
Table 2.
Frequency distribution of respondents based on their prior education on first aid for burns using audiovisual methods at the PKM Puri General Polyclinic.
Mojokerto Regency.
Table 2 shows that before receiving health education on first aid for burns using the audiovisual method, some respondents .
%) had low pretest scores.
International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Science (IJNMS).
Volume 9.
Issue 3.
December 2025 Respondent Characteristics Based on the knowledge of housewives after receiving health education on first aid for burns using the audiovisual method.
Table 3.
Frequency distribution of respondents based on their prior education on first aid for burns using the audiovisual method at the General Polyclinic of PKM Puri.
Mojokerto Regency.
Table 3 shows that after receiving health education on first aid for burns using the audiovisual method, some respondents .
%) scored well on the post-test.
The Effect of Health Education Using the Audiovisual Method on Knowledge of First Aid for Burns Among Housewives at the PKM Puri General Polyclinic.
Mojokerto Regency Table 4.
The Effect of Health Education Using the Audiovisual Method on Knowledge of First Aid for Burns Among Housewives at the PKM Puri General Polyclinic.
Mojokerto Regency Based on statistical testing using the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test with SPSS, a significance level of = 0.
05 was obtained, with a p value of 0.
000, meaning p < 0.
This means that H0 is rejected and H1 is This indicates that there is an effect of audiovisual health education on first aid knowledge for burns among housewives at the PKM Puri General Polyclinic in Mojokerto Regency.
DISCUSSION
Table 3 shows that the majority of respondents .
%) had insufficient knowledge prior to receiving health education on first aid for burns.
Based on age characteristics, 12 respondents were aged 20-27, 3 respondents were aged 28-35, 12 were aged 36-43, and 2 were aged 44-51.
This is supported by the theory (Sari, 2.
that a person's age will influence their comprehension and mindset regarding the According researchers, as a person ages, their comprehension and thought patterns As they mature, their level of maturity and strength in thinking and understanding increases.
The results of the study indicate that the level of knowledge deficit based on education level is significantly higher among respondents, with 22 .
%) having a high school education.
The characteristics are: 1 respondent with an elementary school degree, 3 respondents with a junior high school degree, 12 respondents with a senior high school degree, and 9 respondents with a bachelor's degree.
This is supported by the theory (Rizki, 2.
that individuals with higher education are more likely to obtain information, both from others and from the mass media.
The more information they receive, the greater their knowledge about health (Budiman, 2.
Respondents with a high school education are considered to be able to receive a variety of information about first aid for burns.
The availability of health information about first aid for burns can increase respondents' knowledge of first aid for burns.
According .
lementary and junior high schoo.
tend to exhibit more deficient behaviors than mothers with secondary and higher The higher a person's education level, the easier it is to receive information, thus increasing their knowledge.
The study found that the level of knowledge was lacking based on their occupation, with 20 respondents .
%) International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Science (IJNMS).
Volume 9.
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December 2025 working as housewives.
Based on their characteristics, 13 respondents were housewives, 5 respondents were private sector employees, 4 respondents were selfemployed, 1 respondent was farmer, and 5 respondents were others.
This is supported by the theory (Rizki, 2.
that economics is the activity of generating income in society to meet the needs of life, including financing the care of burn patients at home.
According to the researchers, mothers with insufficient knowledge attributed this to their focus on housework and family, resulting in less time to seek information about first aid for burns compared to working mothers, who are usually equipped with sufficient knowledge at their workplace.
According to the researchers, prior to health education on first aid for burns, the level of knowledge was lacking because respondents still lacked adequate knowledge n first aid for burns.
Most respondents still used toothpaste, oil, and other kitchen ingredients.
Table 4 shows that after receiving health education on first aid for burns using the audiovisual method, some respondents .
%) had good post-test scores.
Based on age characteristics, 15 respondents .
-27 years ol.
scored well, 7 respondents .
-35 years ol.
, 10 respondents .
-43 years ol.
, and 1 respondent .
-51 years ol.
were in the good category.
Supported by the theory that health education can improve the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of individuals or communities in the health sector (Maulana, 2.
After receiving health education using the audiovisual method, the level of knowledge improved because the 20-27 year olds were able to understand quickly, as evidenced by more than half of the 50 respondents .
respondents, 66%).
Experience builds a person's ability to perform subsequent actions better due to past actions.
Notoadmodjo .
7 in Erpan 2.
stated that experience can serve as a foundation for improving and as a source of knowledge for obtaining truth.
After education using audiovisual methods was conducted, the data showed that respondents were able to absorb the information received through health education.
Table 5 shows that the level of knowledge of respondents before receiving audiovisual first aid education regarding burns was low, with 28 respondents .
%).
After receiving audiovisual first aid education, 33 respondents .
%) received a good rating and 17 respondents .
%) received a fair This data reflects the respondents' ability to absorb the information received through health education.
Health education can improve the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of individuals or communities in the health sector (Sari, 2.
This activity is carried out by disseminating messages and instilling confidence in the community to improve understanding of health-related matters, with the aim of changing unhealthy individual and community behaviors to healthy ones (Sari et al.
, 2.
Providing health education using audiovisual media, which is absorbed through sight and hearing, creates conditions that enable individuals to acquire knowledge, skills, or attitudes that are used to help achieve learning objectives (Harianto, 2.
Researchers analyzed the data using the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test with SPSS.
The significance level was = 0.
05, with a p value of 0.
000, meaning p < 0.
This means H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted.
This means there is an effect of health education using audiovisual methods on first aid knowledge for burns among housewives at the PKM Puri General Polyclinic.
Mojokerto Regency.
Based on the researchers' analysis over two days, they found an increase in first aid knowledge for burns, with the majority of respondents having good knowledge after the audiovisual health education.
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
CONCLUSIONS
The knowledge of housewives at the PKM Puri General Polyclinic.
Mojokerto Regency, before receiving health education using audiovisual methods, was found to be However, after receiving health education using audiovisual methods, most respondents had good knowledge.
The analysis found that using audiovisual methods increased the knowledge of housewives at the PKM Puri General Polyclinic.
Mojokerto Regency, because International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Science (IJNMS).
Volume 9.
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December 2025 health education can improve individual and community knowledge, attitudes, and skills in the health sector.
SUGGESTIONS
For housewives Housewives should apply first aid for burns correctly.
Housewives should avoid using toothpaste, oil, and kitchen ingredients when exposed to burns.
For future researchers Further researchers should expand this research using other methods, for example, by comparing the audiovisual method with other methods.
REFERENCE