Journal of Renewable Energy, Electrical, and Computer Engineering Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2021. 23-32 e-ISSN : 2776-0049 DOI : 10.29103/jreece.v1i1.3612 Research Original Article Lighting Improvement in Building Renovation  Dina Maizana1 Syarifah Muthia Putri2, Muhammad Rizal Irhami3 1Electrical Engineering, Universitas Medan Area, Jl. Kolam No. 1, Medan, 20223, Indonesia,maizanadina@gmail.com 2Electrical Engineering, Universitas Medan Area, Jl. Kolam No. 1, Medan, 20223, Indonesia, syarifahmuthiaputri@gmail.com 3Electrical Engineering, Universitas Medan Area, Jl. Kolam No. 1, Medan, 20223, Indonesia, rizal.irhami12@gmail.com  Corresponding Author: syarifahmuthiaputri@gmail.com | Phone: +6285262058398 Received : February 4, 2021 Revision : February 17, 2021 Accepted : March 5, 2021 Abstract Lighting systems that are not up to standard will have an impact on eye fatigue so that the work results of the staff are not optimal. This problem can be solved by designing a lighting system according to the standards that have been determined through the results of previous studies. The 1st floor of the Faculty Engineering, Universitas Medan Area building requires lighting improvements to provide comfort to all staff and lecturers. This research was conducted by measuring the value of light intensity in each room and improving the lighting system which was analyzed through the shape of the room, the color of the walls, and the position of the lights. The results of the research provide additional light points and lamp positions so that they are in accordance with the standard of utilization. Lighting according to the standard in the building of the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Medan Area has been suitable to improve staff performance. Keywords : eye fatigue, illumination, lighting standard Introduction Electrical installation is an important component of a building. Electrical installation in a building must be planned and implemented in accordance with applicable standards and regulations in order to obtain an efficient and safe electrical system. General Electrical Installation Requirements/Persyaratan Umum Instalasi Listrik (PUIL) are rules related to electrical installations. PUIL provides requirements for the design, installation and verification of electrical installations. So that it can provide safety to humans, livestock, and property that might arise in the use of electrical installations. Improved performance through standardized electrical installations can provide benefits in the form of electrical short circuit safety, simplifying maintenance or checking, simplifying interior design arrangements, and making comfort. Lights as the main device used in a building have a big effect. Lighting that fits the standard will provide viewing comfort for the occupants. This comfort can allow residents to do their activities optimally. Planning for room lighting with lamps is carried out by considering the dimensions of the room, the color of the walls, and the position of the lamp. The renovated 1st floor the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Medan Area, has a bad lighting system that requires improvement in term of lighting. The carried out of this paper is tocomply the lighting with lighting standard. When the lighting standard is achieved, the staff can work comfortably and optimally. Literature Review  Room lighting system The lighting system or lighting in the room must pay attention to the supporting factors in order to produce a good lighting system (Wagiman, K.R & Abdullah, M. N, 2017). The factors that affect lighting, namely: 1. Light flux Light flux is a light source in the form of light streaks and emits light in all directions. The unit of light flux is the lumen. 2. Light intensity Journal of Renewable Energy, Electrical, and Computer Engineering, 1 (1) (2021) 23-32 Light intensity is the light flux emitted in a certain direction per unit corner of a certain room. The unit of light intensity is candela. 3. Illumination Illumination is the intensity of light on a plane. The unit of illumination is lux. The Faculty of Engineering, University of Medan Area is a building in an educational institution that requires lighting according to standards and can be seen in the following table 1: Table 1. Illumination Standard (Phillips Lighting Manual, 2015) Room Function Illumination (lux) Classroom 250 Library 300 Laboratory 500 Kitchen 250 Toilet 250 Dean’s Room 350 Staff Room 350 Meeting Room 300 Archive Warehouse 150  The Shape of a Room The shape of a room affects the quality of the lighting because it relates to the large in that shape (Feri, D, Anita, H, 2014). The figure 1 shows that squares will create a larger area than circles and triangles. 1m 1m 1m 1m 1m Figure 1. The Forms of Room Table 2. Large of Area Room form Area [m2] Foursquare 1 Cycle 0.785 Triangle 0.5 Table 3. Lumen Size Measure for Different Lamp with is same Watt. The type of lamp Luminous flux [lm] Bulb 1500 – 2200 Fluorescent lamp 4500 – 7000 Mercury lamp 3500 – 6000 Illuminance or strength of lighting at one point on the area which the light is falling can be calculated by using the formula below. 24 Journal of Renewable Energy, Electrical, and Computer Engineering, 1 (1) (2021) 23-32 E=  F [lx] (1) where  is luminous flux [lm] F is area which the light is fall [m2] By using the data table 2 and 3 and substitute into equation (1) will be obtained illuminance that produced at the room with different room form is shown in table 4: Table 4. Influence Room Form to Illuminance Illumination [lx] Bulb Fluorescent lamp 1500 – 2200 4500 – 7000 1900 - 2800 5730 – 8917 3000 - 4400 9000 - 14000 The Form of Room Foursquare Cycle Triangle Mercury lamp 3500 – 6000 4460 – 7640 7000 - 12000 The quality of the lighting at the lamp position The position of the lights in a room is usually placed at the top and in the middle of the room. Adjustment of lamp position is carried out to obtain lighting power according to the purpose by the room user (Dila, H, 2014). Some examples of lamp positions can be seen in the picture  L1 L2 θ θ 4m 4m A B C A 3m (a) (b) L4 θ A C 3m L3 3m B 3m B θ C A 3m B C 3m (c) (d) Figure 2. Different Position Location of Lamp at the same Room By using theorem of phitagoras at figure 2 will be found by distance height of lamp evaluated from position of b is shown in calculation below. 25 Journal of Renewable Energy, Electrical, and Computer Engineering, 1 (1) (2021) 23-32 = ( + )(2) Angle θ is obtained by determine angle cosine between La and Lb that is: cos = (3) ( ) To obtain strength of lighting at a position as follows: = / (4) To obtain strength of lighting at b position as follows: = cos / ( + ) Lamp L1 L2 L3 L4 (5) Table 5. Strength of Lighting at Different Position of Lamp Strength of lighting [lx] A position B position 4.9 5.97 5.97 4.9 10.6 7.59 7.59 10.6 C position 4.9 3.07 3.75 7.59  Effect of Wall Color on Lighting Wall color affects the ability of light to reflect light flux in a room (Azis, M. A,Supriadi, B, & Lesmono, A. D, 2016). There is a wall and ceiling color reflection factor which can be seen in the table 6: Table 6. Reflection Factor Based on the Color of the Walls(Phillips Lighting Manual, 2015) Color Reflection Factor Color Reflection Factor White 0,7 – 0,8 Orange 0,2 – 0,25 Light Brown 0,7 – 0,8 Dark Green 0,1 – 0,15 Light Yellow 0,55 – 0,65 Dark Blue 0,1 – 0,15 Light Green 0,45 – 0,5 Dark Red 0,1 – 0,15 Pink 0,45 – 0,5 Black 0,04 Blue Sky 0,4 – 0,45 Gray 0,25 – 0,35 Table 7.Power Comparison between LED, CFL and Incandescent Lamps(Phillips Lighting Manual, 2015) Lumen LED CFL Incandescent 400-500 6–7W 8 – 12 W 40 W 650 - 850 7 - 10 W 13 – 18 W 60 W 1000-1400 12 – 13 W 18 – 22 W 75 W 1450-1700 14 – 20 W 23 – 30 W 100 W 2700 25 – 28 W 30 – 55 W 150 W  Effects of Illumination on Eye Health Based on the results of research, eye health problems occur because they are in a room with non-standard lighting conditions (Lin, K. H, Su, C. C, Chen, Y.Y, Chu, P,2019). Poor lighting quality will cause the iris muscle to work harder to adjust the pupil to adjust to the intensity of the incoming light. If someone stays in the room for a long time it will cause eye fatigue, reduce work efficiency, and cause the potential for accidents.  Determination of the number of light points Several factors influence the determination of the number of lighting points in a room, namely: 26 Journal of Renewable Energy, Electrical, and Computer Engineering, 1 (1) (2021) 23-32 1. Room use (room function), every type of room use must have a strong need for lighting because every room has needs that are not the same as its use. 2. The scale of the shape of the room, the greater the scale of the room, the greater the capturing power of the lighting that must be needed. 3. The condition of the walls and top of a room (reflection factor), we need to know that the paint color on the walls and ceiling in a room can reverse or can absorb light. 4. Several types of lamps and armatures are used, each lamp and armature has a different design and characteristics. 4. The location of the placement and the number of lights in each existing room must be calculated in such a way, so that the room gets an even light beam. The formula used to find the number of lighting points is: = (6) ∅ ∅= Where: N E P L ø LLF CU n / (7) = Number of light points = Target of light strength to be achieved (lux) = Length of the room (meters) = Width of the room (meters) = Total lamp lumens (flux) = Depreciation factor = Utility factor = Number in 1 light point Material & Method The Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Medan Area has a building consisting of 4 (four) floors, where the 1st floor is used as an administration room and the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th floors are used as lecture rooms. The figure 3 and 4 is layout based on function and lighting point the 1st floor of the Faculty of Engineering building, University of Medan Area requires lighting improvements to match the standards so as to make vision comfortable and can improve service to students. Figure 3.The Layout of the 1st Floor Room of Faculty Engineering, Universitas Medan Area 27 Journal of Renewable Energy, Electrical, and Computer Engineering, 1 (1) (2021) 23-32 Figure 4.The Layout of The Light Points for the 1st Floor Room of Faculty Engineering, Universitas Medan Area The research was carried out by measuring the light intensity using the Lux meter Kyoritsu illuminometer Model 5200 held on February 2, 2020 in order to obtain the value of the light intensity in each room. Based on these measurements, it is known that the value of light intensity throughout the room still has not reached the standard and it is necessary to make improvements by adding lighting points. Result and Discussion The measurement results of light intensity can be seen in the following table 7: Table 8. The Measurement Results No. Illumination (Lux) Old Lighting Lighting Standard System 75 100 Room 1 Service Room 2 Reading Room 140 300 3 Library 150 300 4 Head of The Study Program Civil Engineering 200 350 5 Administration Room Civil Engineering 112 350 6 Head of The Study Program Electrical Engineering 180 350 7 Administration Room Electrical Engineering 116 350 8 Head of The Study Program Machine Engineering 350 350 9 Administration Room Machine Engineering 100 350 10 Head of The Study Program Architecture 300 350 11 Administration Room Architecture 350 350 12 Head of The Study Program Industrial Engineering 160 350 13 Administration Room Industrial Engineering 92 350 14 Head of The Study Program Informatics Engineering 200 350 15 Administration Room Informatics Engineering 100 350 16 Meeting Room 1 150 300 17 Meeting Room 2 200 300 28 Journal of Renewable Energy, Electrical, and Computer Engineering, 1 (1) (2021) 23-32 No. Illumination (Lux) Old Lighting Lighting Standard System 80 300 Room 18 Administration Room 19 Dean’s Room 125 350 20 Vice Dean’s Room 100 350 21 Vice Dean’s Room 80 350 22 Kitchen and Archives Warehouse 50 150 23 Toilet 40 100 Based on the measurement results in table 8, it is known that the old lighting system still does not fulfill the lighting standard. It needs improvement in lighting system. To get the number of additional light points, we using formula 6 and 7. Then calculate the room for the Head of the Study Program Electrical Engineering, which is 4.65 meters long and 3.75 meters wide, using an 8W CFL lamp which is equivalent to 40 Watts (table 6) and L/w is 75 lumens, then: Ø = W x L/w = 40 watt x 75 lumens = 3000 lumens E = 350 (Based on lumen requirements from Table 1) P = 4.65 Meters L = 3.75 Meters N=1 LLF = 0.8 (between 0.7 - 0.8) CU = 50% (between 50% - 60%) Ø = 3000 Lumens So that N = (E × W × L) / (∅ × LLF × CU × n) N = (350 × 4.65 × 3.75) / (3000 × 0.8 × 50% × 1) N = 6103.12 / (1200) = 5.08 (5 light points) After measurements and calculations using formula 6 and 7 are obtained the change in the number of light point to match the lighting standard which shows in figure 5. Calculations and changes in the number of light point can be seen in table 9. While the change layout of the light points for the 1st floor room of Faculty Engineering, Universitas Medan Area can be seen in figure 6. Figure 5. The Change in the Number of Light Points According to the Standard Table9.The Change in the Number of Light Points According to the Standard for the 1st Floor Room of Faculty Engineering, Universitas Medan Area 29 Journal of Renewable Energy, Electrical, and Computer Engineering, 1 (1) (2021) 23-32 Height (m) Weight (m) LED Power Power Equivalent of Incandesce nt Lamps Service Room 9 4,4 12 75 75 5625 0,8 0,5 100 1 2,76 3 2 Library 7,5 4,5 12 75 75 5625 0,8 0,5 300 1 4,50 5 3 7,5 4 12 75 75 5625 0,8 0,5 300 1 4,00 4 4,65 3,75 8 40 75 3000 0,8 0,5 350 1 5,09 5 4 3,75 12 75 75 5625 0,8 0,5 350 1 2,33 2 4,65 3,75 8 40 75 3000 0,8 0,5 350 1 5,09 5 4 3,75 12 75 75 5625 0,8 0,5 350 1 2,33 2 4,65 3,75 8 40 75 3000 0,8 0,5 350 1 5,09 5 4 3,75 12 75 75 5625 0,8 0,5 350 1 2,33 2 4,65 3,75 8 40 75 3000 0,8 0,5 350 1 5,09 5 4 3,75 12 75 75 5625 0,8 0,5 350 1 2,33 2 4,65 3,75 8 40 75 3000 0,8 0,5 350 1 5,09 5 4 3,75 12 75 75 5625 0,8 0,5 350 1 2,33 2 4,65 3,75 8 40 75 3000 0,8 0,5 350 1 5,09 5 4 3,75 12 75 75 5625 0,8 0,5 350 1 2,33 2 15 Reading Room Head of The Study Program Civil Engineering Administration Room Civil Engineering Head of The Study Program Electrical Engineering Administration Room Electrical Engineering Head of The Study Program Machine Engineering Administration Room Machine Engineering Head of The Study Program Architecture Administration Room Architecture Head of The Study Program Industrial Engineering Administration Room Industrial Engineering Head of The Study Program Informatics Engineering Administration Room Informatics Engineering 16 Meeting Room 1 7,5 4,5 12 75 75 5625 0,8 0,5 300 1 4,50 5 17 7,5 4 12 75 75 5625 0,8 0,5 300 1 4,00 4 18 Meeting Room 2 Administration Room 8 4,5 12 75 75 5625 0,8 0,5 300 1 4,80 5 19 Dean’s Room 7,5 4,5 12 75 75 5625 0,8 0,5 350 1 5,25 5 20 Vice Dean’s Room 4,5 3,75 12 75 75 5625 0,8 0,5 350 1 2,63 3 21 4,5 3,75 12 75 75 5625 0,8 0,5 350 1 2,63 3 9 2,8 8 40 75 3000 0,8 0,5 150 1 3,15 3 22 Vice Dean’s Room Kitchen and Archieve Warehouse 23 Toilet 2 2 8 40 75 3000 0,8 0,5 100 1 0,33 1 No Room 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 30 Lumen /Watt Ø LLF CU E n N Number of Lights Journal of Renewable Energy, Electrical, and Computer Engineering, 1 (1) (2021) 23-32 Figure 6. The Change Layout of The Light Points for the 1st Floor Room of Faculty Engineering, Universitas Medan Area Based on the results of measurements and calculations, it is found that the shape of the room affects the quality of the lighting. The rectangular space requires 21% more light power than the circular shape and 50% more than the triangle space shape based on the xx table. This is because the rectangular shape has a larger area than other shapes. The Faculty of Engineering, University of Medan Area with 100% square space requires greater lighting. The color of the walls also affects the quality of the lighting. The Faculty of Engineering, University of Medan Area is characterized by its blue color and has sky-blue walls. This results in a room reflectance factor of around 0.4 - 0.45, thus requiring a larger lighting. White color can improve lighting quality because white color has a reflection factor of 0.7 - 0.8. The position of the lamp also has a role in producing the power of the lighting. Based on the xx table, it is known that the position of the lamp in the middle has the greatest light strength, so that in this design the position of the lamp is placed in the middle. Whereas in some rooms, the position is placed on the edge of the room because of the need for light based on the placement of the work table. Conclusion From the simulation and calculation results, it is found that: 1. The quality of the lighting in a room is influenced by the shape of the room, the color of the walls, and the position of the lights. 2. The position of the lamp according to the comfort of vision is the location of the lamp in the middle of the room and is also adjusted to the placement of the work table. 3. The 100% area of the 100% square area of the engineering faculty building in the university, so it requires more lighting than other forms of space. 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