PROCEEDING The Future is Now: Adaptation to Al Ghazali Internasional the WorldAos Emerging Technologies Conference e-issn. Bibliometric Analysis of Critical Reading Research Trends Wahyu Nuning Budiarti1. Syifaul Ummah2. Endang Rifani3,Athifa Syerni3 Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Al Ghazali Cilacap1, 2, 3, 4 email address wahyu. b@unugha. Abstract Bibliometric analysis is a quantitative approach used to measure and analyze large numbers of scientific publications. The excessive focus on testing often comes at the expense of developing more complex higher-order thinking skills. To address this, a paradigm shift in education is needed, where the development of critical reading skills is a top priority. Research increasingly emphasizes the importance of context in developing critical reading skills. Factors such as students' culture, language, and socio-economic background are considered to be factors that influence their ability to read The results of the analysis through network visualization, overlay visualization and density visualization show that many studies focus on how to develop and measure critical reading skills in Critical reading is not only applied in the field of literacy, but also in various disciplines such as science, social sciences, and humanities. Research on critical reading has shown significant development in recent years. Emerging trends suggest that critical reading ability is not only an important skill for academic success, but also a highly relevant skill in everyday life. Keywords. bibliometric analysis, critical reading, research trends Abstrak Analisis bibliometrik merupakan sebuah pendekatan kuantitatif yang digunakan untuk mengukur dan menganalisis sejumlah besar publikasi ilmiah. Di tengah banjir informasi yang kita hadapi setiap hari, kemampuan untuk memilah dan mengevaluasi informasi secara kritis menjadi semakin penting. Fokus yang berlebihan pada pengujian seringkali mengorbankan pengembangan keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi yang lebih kompleks Untuk mengatasi hal ini, diperlukan perubahan paradigma dalam pendidikan, di mana pengembangan keterampilan membaca kritis menjadi prioritas utama. Penelitian semakin menekankan pentingnya konteks dalam mengembangkan kemampuan membaca kritis. Faktor-faktor seperti budaya, bahasa, dan latar belakang sosial-ekonomi siswa dianggap sebagai faktor yang mempengaruhi kemampuan mereka dalam membaca secara Hasil analisis melalui network visualization, overlay visualization dan density visualization menunjukkan banyak penelitian fokus pada bagaimana mengembangkan dan mengukur keterampilan membaca kritis pada siswa. Membaca kritis tidak hanya diterapkan dalam bidang literasi, tetapi juga dalam berbagai disiplin ilmu seperti sains, sosial, dan humaniora. Penelitian mengenai membaca kritis telah menunjukkan perkembangan yang signifikan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Tren yang muncul menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan membaca kritis bukan hanya keterampilan yang penting untuk PROCEEDING Al Ghazali Internasional Conference Volume 1. Desember 2024 PROCEEDING The Future is Now: Adaptation to Al Ghazali Internasional the WorldAos Emerging Technologies Conference e-issn. keberhasilan akademik, tetapi juga merupakan keterampilan yang sangat relevan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Kata Kunci. analisis bibliometrik, membaca kritis, tren penelitian Introduction In the midst of the flood of information we face every day, the ability to sort and critically evaluate information has become increasingly important. This applies to various fields, including language learning (Bayrak & ynzkan, 2. Research on critical reading is crucial for developing strong analytical and comprehension skills(V. de M. Silva et al. , 2024. Van et al. , 2. teaching students to critically evaluate information, we empower them to navigate the vast amount of data and make informed decisions (Adhikari & Joshi, 2. This skill is not only beneficial for academic success but also prepares individuals for responsible citizenship and professional careers (Niculescu & Dragomir, 2023a. Putri Rahmasari & Sunarti, 2024. Research shows that although the importance of critical reading has been recognized, many challenges remain, especially in the context of language learning. Educators have a crucial role in addressing these challenges(E. da Silva & Coutinho, 2. However, in order to guide students in developing critical reading skills, educators themselves must have a strong foundation in this area (Sari et al. Research has shown that approaches such as critical discourse analysis can be an effective tool for improving students' critical reading skills(Le et al. , 2. Several obstacles hinder the development of critical reading skills, including insufficient language proficiency, a lack of understanding of critical reading strategies, and inadequate instructional support (AOUAF et al. Yoon, 2. These factors often lead learners to rely on surface-level reading, preventing them from engaging in the deeper, critical thinking required for effective comprehension is the pressure to meet standardized test targets. An excessive focus on testing often comes at the expense of developing more complex higher-order thinking skills (Bianchi & DeLullo, 2022. Su-mei, 2. To address this, a paradigm shift in education is needed, where the development of critical reading skills becomes a top priority (Bianchi & DeLullo, 2. Bibliometric analysis serves as an important tool to understand developments and trends in various scientific fields (Maulani & Widuri, 2024. (Konu Kadirhanogullari & Ozay Kose. By systematically evaluating published literature, this analysis provides insight into research dynamics, collaboration patterns, and thematic evolution . i & yunal, 2. (Konu PROCEEDING Al Ghazali Internasional Conference Volume 1. Desember 2024 PROCEEDING The Future is Now: Adaptation to Al Ghazali Internasional the WorldAos Emerging Technologies Conference e-issn. Kadirhanogullari & Ozay Kose, 2024. Moreira & Vidor, 2. This method not only highlights the current research status but also predicts future directions, making it invaluable for researchers and policy makers. To see the challenges and opportunities for solutions to critical reading problems, we can conduct a research trend analysis on critical reading skills in various circles, spanning 2009-2024. Literature Review and Hypothesis Development Bibliometric analysis of reading research provides valuable insights into the growth and impact of reading literacy. This analysis reveals that reading literacy has experienced significant growth, particularly in the form of articles, compared to other literacy domains. Additionally, the analysis highlights the importance of considering readership metrics alongside traditional citation metrics (Kurtz et al. , 2005. Nwagwu, 2. This is because readership metrics offer a more nuanced understanding of the impact of research, as they account for the number of people who actually read and engage with a particular article. The importance of critical reading research studies can show that active reading can improve students' critical thinking skills. Researchers use methods such as literature reviews and content analysis to understand how reading affects critical thinking skills. However, challenges such as declining interest in reading and increasing use of digital media are obstacles. Therefore, efforts need to be made to encourage a reading culture and develop digital literacy skills. Reading is not only about obtaining information, but also a powerful tool for developing critical thinking skills (Arifin, 2020. Putri Rahmasari & Sunarti, 2024. Research shows that by reading a variety of texts, students can learn to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information. However, in the digital era, students' interest in reading tends to decline. To overcome this, more systematic efforts are needed to promote a reading culture and develop effective digital literacy programs. Research Method Bibliometric analysis is a quantitative approach used to measure and analyze a large number of scientific publications (Moreira & Vidor, 2. This method allows researchers to uncover patterns, trends, and relationships underlying a field of study by exploring bibliographic data such as the number of publications, authors, journals, citations, and keywords. Thus, bibliometric PROCEEDING Al Ghazali Internasional Conference Volume 1. Desember 2024 PROCEEDING The Future is Now: Adaptation to Al Ghazali Internasional the WorldAos Emerging Technologies Conference e-issn. analysis is not only about counting the number of publications, but also digging deeper information about the development of a field of science, collaboration between researchers, and trending research topics (Merigy & Yang, 2. In the context of literature studies, bibliometric analysis is used to map the research landscape, identify knowledge gaps, and inform further research The process involves collecting data in this study from various scientific databases, such as Google Scholar. The data is then processed using special software to produce interpretable visualizations and metrics (Donohue, 1. These visualizations can be in the form of author collaboration networks, conceptual maps, or topic cluster analysis. Thus, bibliometric analysis not only provides a comprehensive picture of a field of study but can also help researchers formulate relevant and innovative research questions. Bibliometric Analysis Stages Using Vosviewer (Indriati et al. , 2024. Maulani & Widuri, 2024. Bibliometric analysis is a systematic approach to evaluating literature using statistical This method allows us to measure and analyze publication trends, citation patterns, and collaboration networks between researchers in a field of study. In general, bibliometric analysis involves several stages, namely: . determining the scope of the study, . collecting data in this study from the Google Scholar database . analyzing data using VOSviewer software, and . interpreting the results to identify research trends and implications for future research (Bayrak & ynzkan, 2024. Judijanto & Auliani, 2024a, 2024b. Tan et al. , 2. Discussion The following table presents citation metrics for a dataset of scientific publications published between 2009 and 2024. These citation metrics provide a quantitative view of how often these works are cited by other studies. Indicators such as total number of citations, h-index, and average citations per publication provide valuable information about the influence and impact of these studies in a particular scientific field. These data indicate that research in this field is highly productive and has a significant impact on the development of science. A high h-index indicates that most publications in this dataset have been cited many times, indicating high quality and impact of the research. A high average citations per publication indicates that each publication in this dataset has a high impact in the field. Table1. Citation Metrics Publication years PROCEEDING Al Ghazali Internasional Conference Volume 1. Desember 2024 PROCEEDING The Future is Now: Adaptation to Al Ghazali Internasional the WorldAos Emerging Technologies Conference Citation years Papers Citations Cites/years Cites/paper Cites/author Papers/author Author/paper h-index g-index hl,norm hl,annual hA-index e-issn. Publication Year: 2009-2024, shows The time span of publications analyzed in this data is from 2009 to 2024. Citation Year: 15 . The time period in which these publications received citations is 15 years, from 2009 to 2024. Publications: 500 describes The total number of publications analyzed in this dataset is 500 publications. Citations: 585418, shows The total number of citations received by these 500 publications is 585,418. This shows how often these publications are cited by other studies. Citations per Year: 39027. 87 shows The average number of citations received per year for all publications is 39,027. This gives an idea of the average level of citations received in the time period analyzed. Citations per Publication figure is 1170. The average number of citations received by each publication is 1,170. This metric shows the average productivity and influence of each publication. Citations per Author: 452,297. 30 The average number of citations received by each author involved in this publication is 452,297. This gives an idea of the average productivity and influence of each author. Publications per Author: 12 The average number of publications produced by each author is 332. This metric shows the productivity of authors in producing publications. Authors per Publication 2. 07 The average number of authors involved in each publication is 2. This shows the level of collaboration in h-index: 171 The h-index is a metric that shows the number of publications that are each cited at least h times. An h-index value of 171 indicates that there are 171 publications that are each cited at least 171 times. g-index: 500, g-index is a metric similar to h-index, but gives greater weight to the most cited publications. A g-index value of 500 indicates that the total citations of the first g publications are equal to or greater than gA. hl, norm: 167, hl, norm is a normalization of h-index, which takes into account the size of the research field, hl, annual: 11. 13, hl, annual is a normalized hindex based on the number of years of publication. hA-index: 132 hA-index is a variation of h-index PROCEEDING Al Ghazali Internasional Conference Volume 1. Desember 2024 PROCEEDING The Future is Now: Adaptation to Al Ghazali Internasional the WorldAos Emerging Technologies Conference e-issn. that takes into account the number of authors in each publication. Based on the metrics above, it can be concluded that this collection of publications has a very high impact. The very large number of citations and high h-index values indicate that these publications are very influential in their research In addition, the high level of collaboration . ndicated by the Authors/paper valu. is also a contributing factor to the success of this research. Initial Analysis using Vos Viewer as follows: Network Center: The word "reading" is at the center of the network, indicating that it is the main concept that is connected to various other keywords. Main Group: The keywords are divided into several main groups that are closely related to "reading", such as: Reading Skills: reading comprehension, fluency, ability, skill Learning Context: student, teacher, instruction, education, learning Critical Aspects: critical thinking, critical reading, critical literacy, analysis, theory Reading Process: study, strategy, understanding Reading Products: writing, article, paper, manuscript. To make it clearer, let's look at the following picture Picture 1. Network Visualisation PROCEEDING Al Ghazali Internasional Conference Volume 1. Desember 2024 PROCEEDING The Future is Now: Adaptation to Al Ghazali Internasional the WorldAos Emerging Technologies Conference e-issn. Based on this concept map, we can draw several conclusions regarding the relationship between critical reading and other concepts: Critical Reading as a Complex Skill: Critical reading does not only involve literal understanding of texts, but also involves the ability to think critically, analyze information, and evaluate arguments. Basic reading skills such as fluency and comprehension are important foundations for developing critical reading skills (Kurtz et al. , 2005. Niculescu & Dragomir, 2023. Critical reading is a vital skill that enables individuals to understand, analyze, and evaluate texts effectively(Rodionova & Titova, 2. This skill is crucial for navigating complex information and forming informed opinions. Factors such as teaching strategies, family background, and access to resources play a significant role in developing strong critical reading abilities (Psyridou et al. , 2. Supportive Learning Context: An effective learning environment is essential in developing critical reading skills (Irwansyah Abbas, 2023. Nuralisa Nuralisa & Rahmadi Nirwanto. The role of teachers, learning strategies, and appropriate learning materials can help students develop these skills (Rupia, 2022. ANE & , 2. Relation to Other Disciplines: Critical reading is not only limited to the field of education, but is also relevant to various disciplines such as social sciences, humanities, and science. The Importance of Practice: Critical reading is a skill that must be practiced continuously. Through regular reading and writing activities, students can improve their ability to analyze texts and evaluate information. Relation to Daily Life: Critical reading skills are very relevant to daily life. By having critical reading skills, individuals can become more critical citizens and be able to make better The following analysis can be seen based on Overlay Visualization with the following results. PROCEEDING Al Ghazali Internasional Conference Volume 1. Desember 2024 PROCEEDING The Future is Now: Adaptation to Al Ghazali Internasional the WorldAos Emerging Technologies Conference e-issn. Picture 2. Overlay Visualization Related Research Trends Integration of Critical Reading Skills with Other Disciplines: The connection between Aucritical readingAy and keywords such as Auscience,Ay Auliterature,Ay and AutheoryAy suggests a trend toward integrating critical reading skills across disciplines. The Importance of Context: Research increasingly emphasizes the importance of context in developing critical reading skills. Factors such as studentsAo culture, language, and socioeconomic background are considered to influence their ability to read critically. The Role of Technology: While not as prominent, the presence of keywords such as AutoolAy and AutechnologyAy suggests a growing interest in leveraging technology to support critical reading instruction. Connection to Digital Literacy: The keywords AuliteracyAy and Aucritical literacyAy suggest a growing focus on how critical reading relates to digital literacy and the ability to evaluate information in the digital age. PROCEEDING Al Ghazali Internasional Conference Volume 1. Desember 2024 PROCEEDING The Future is Now: Adaptation to Al Ghazali Internasional the WorldAos Emerging Technologies Conference e-issn. Picture 3. Density Visualization Based on the results of density visualization, several results of Keyword Density Visualization Analysis on Critical Reading were obtained. The visualization of keyword density displayed provides an interesting picture of the focus of research and discussion related to "critical reading". A brighter color on a keyword indicates a higher frequency of occurrence of the keyword in the data corpus, making it the center of attention in the study. Conclusion This concept map provides a comprehensive overview of the relationships between critical reading and other concepts. By understanding these relationships, we can develop more effective strategies to improve critical reading skills in students and the community at large. Research on critical reading has shown significant growth in recent years. Emerging trends suggest that critical reading skills are not only important skills for academic success, but also highly relevant skills in everyday life. By understanding these trends, we can develop more effective strategies to improve critical reading skills in individuals at all levels. Implications could be a better understanding of the relationship between critical reading and other concepts can help educators, researchers, and policy makers in: Designing effective learning programs: By identifying the skills associated with critical reading, educators can design more targeted and effective learning programs. Developing relevant learning materials: Learning materials can be designed to develop not only literal reading skills, but also critical thinking and information analysis skills. Encouraging a culture of critical reading: Critical reading can be an integral part of school and community culture. In doing so, individuals can become active and critical lifelong learners. Limitations are This analysis can only be conducted on publications that have been indexed in the database, so unindexed research will not be covered. In addition, bibliometric analysis cannot measure the quality of research directly. Bibliography PROCEEDING Al Ghazali Internasional Conference Volume 1. Desember 2024 PROCEEDING The Future is Now: Adaptation to Al Ghazali Internasional the WorldAos Emerging Technologies Conference e-issn. Adhikari. , & Joshi. Dr. Instruction In Information Literacy And Its Function In Fostering Critical Thinking Abilities. Educational Administration Theory and Practices. https://doi. org/10. 53555/kuey. AOUAF. Azzouzi. , & Housni. Perceived Barriers to Critical Thinking Development: The StudentAos View. International Journal of Linguistics. Literature and Translation, 6. , 63Ae https://doi. org/10. 32996/ijllt. Arifin. The Role of Critical Reading to Promote StudentsAo Critical Thinking and Reading Comprehension. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran, 53. , https://doi. org/10. 23887/jpp. Bayrak. , & ynzkan. Bibliometric Analysis of Studies on Child Abuse and Negligence. Gymyhane yuniversitesi Salk Bilimleri Dergisi, 13. , 554Ae560. https://doi. org/10. 37989/gumussagbil. 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Perceived Barriers to Critical Thinking Development: The StudentAos View. International Journal of Linguistics. Literature and Translation, 6. , 63Ae https://doi. org/10. 32996/ijllt. Arifin. The Role of Critical Reading to Promote StudentsAo Critical Thinking and Reading Comprehension. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran, 53. , https://doi. org/10. 23887/jpp. Bayrak. , & ynzkan. Bibliometric Analysis of Studies on Child Abuse and Negligence. Gymyhane yuniversitesi Salk Bilimleri Dergisi, 13. , 554Ae560. https://doi. org/10. 37989/gumussagbil. Bianchi. , & DeLullo. Critically Reading Research Articles: In Research during Medical Residency . 35Ae. CRC Press. https://doi. org/10. 1201/9781003126478-3 Donohue. A bibliometric analysis of certain information science literature. Journal of American Society Information Science, 23. , 313Ae317. https://doi. org/10. 1002/asi. Indriati. Saputro. , & Widyaningsih. THE BIBLIOMETRIC NETWORK TO IDENTIFY RESEARCH BAREKENG: Jurnal TRENDS Ilmu MULTI-INPUT Matematika Dan TRANSFER Terapan, https://doi. org/10. 30598/barekengvol18iss3pp1931-1938 PROCEEDING Al Ghazali Internasional Conference Volume 1. Desember 2024 FUNCTION. 1931Ae1938. PROCEEDING The Future is Now: Adaptation to Al Ghazali Internasional the WorldAos Emerging Technologies Conference e-issn. , & yunal. Bibliometric Analysis Bibliometric Analysis of Research . Ahi Evran yuniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitysy Dergisi, 10. , 386Ae403. https://doi. org/10. 31592/aeusbed. Irwansyah Abbas. Social Studies Learning Strategies in Developing Social Knowledge and Skills in Junior High Schools. Council: Education Journal of Social Studies, 1. , 11Ae16. https://doi. org/10. 59923/council. Judijanto. , & Auliani. Bibliometric Analysis of Biotechnology Development. West Science Nature and Technology, 2. , 108Ae117. https://doi. org/10. 58812/wsnt. Judijanto. , & Auliani. Bibliometric Analysis of Biotechnology Development. West Science Nature and Technology, 2. , 108Ae117. https://doi. org/10. 58812/wsnt. Konu Kadirhanogullari. , & Ozay Kose. A Bibliometric Analysis of Articles on Bibliometric Studies in Science Education. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 10. , 315Ae339. https://doi. org/10. 46328/ijres. Kurtz. Eichhorn. Accomazzi. Grant. Demleitner. Murray. Martimbeau. & Elwell. The bibliometric properties of article readership information. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 56. , 111Ae128. https://doi. org/10. 1002/asi. Le. Van. Nguyen. Le. Nguyen. , & Nguyen. Unveiling critical reading strategies and challenges: a mixed-methods study among English major students Vietnamese Cogent Education, 11. https://doi. org/10. 1080/2331186X. Maulani. , & Widuri. Bibliometric analysis: Adoption of big data analytics in financial Business Informatics, 18. , 78Ae89. https://doi. org/10. 17323/2587-814X. Maulani. , & Widuri. Bibliometric analysis: Adoption of big data analytics in financial Business Informatics, 18. , 78Ae89. https://doi. org/10. 17323/2587-814X. Merigy. , & Yang. -B. A bibliometric analysis of operations research and management Omega, 73, 37Ae48. https://doi. org/10. 1016/j. Moreira. , & Vidor. The Importance of the Product Development Process for Companies: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Stage-gate Model. Paradigm: A Management Research Journal, 28. , 7Ae25. https://doi. org/10. 1177/09718907241243188 PROCEEDING Al Ghazali Internasional Conference Volume 1. Desember 2024 PROCEEDING The Future is Now: Adaptation to Al Ghazali Internasional the WorldAos Emerging Technologies Conference e-issn. Niculescu. -O. , & Dragomir. -A. Critical Reading - A Fundamental Skill for Building 21 Century Literacy. International Conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION, 29. , 215Ae220. https://doi. org/10. 2478/kbo-2023-0060 Niculescu. -O. , & Dragomir. -A. Critical Reading - A Fundamental Skill for Building 21 Century Literacy. International Conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION, 29. , 215Ae220. https://doi. org/10. 2478/kbo-2023-0060 Nuralisa Nuralisa, & Rahmadi Nirwanto. Role Of Teaching Materials On English For Young Learners. PUSTAKA: