Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol. 11 No. 2, October 2024, 189-209

ISSN 2355-7079/E-ISSN 2406-8195

STAKEHOLDERS ANALYSIS OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM
MANAGEMENT IN SEGARA ANAKAN LAGOON, CILACAP
Anjalli Tasha Ardiyanto1, Endang Hilmi2*, Arif Mahdiana2, Teuku Junaidi2,
Norman Arie Prayogo2, Rose Dewi3, and Tri Nur Cahyo3
Fresh Graduade Student in Aquatic Resources Management, Fisheries, and Marine Science Faculty,
Jenderal Soedirman University, Jl. dr. Soeparno, Purwokerto, Indonesia 53123
2
Lecturer in Aquatic Resources Management, Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, Jenderal Soedirman
University, Jl. dr. Soeparno, Purwokerto, Indonesia 53123
3
Lecturer in Marine Science, Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, Jenderal Soedirman University,
Jl. dr. Soeparno, Purwokerto, Indonesia 53123
1

Received: 27 April 2023, Revised: 3 November 2023, Accepted: 14 October 2024
STAKEHOLDERS ANALYSIS OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT IN SEGARA
ANAKAN LAGOON, CILACAP. The mangrove ecosystems are one type of coastal ecosystem found
along coastlines and river estuaries that are influenced by tides and inundation. Segara Anakan Lagoon,
Cilacap as one type of coastal ecosystem has a protection function, coastal area buffer, and cultivation
area function that must be supported from the aspects of policy and institutions, communication, and
coordination. This study aims to identify the role of stakeholders and the relationship between stakeholders
in mangrove ecosystem management in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap. The research method used was
a survey and interview method analyzed with MACTOR software. The results showed that there were 18
stakeholders who involved in mangrove ecosystem management in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap. The
stakeholders are classified into main stakeholders, key stakeholders, and supporting stakeholders using the
objective of mangrove management as key activities such as silvofishery, mangrove conservation, fishing
activity, industry activity, etc. The level of convergence between stakeholders was 96.1% and the level of
divergence was 3.9%. These results indicate a relatively low potential for conflict between stakeholders. The
research can be used as a model relation between stakeholders to support the management activity of Segara
Anakan Lagoon.
Keywords: Mangrove ecosystem, management, Segara Anakan Lagoon Cilacap, MACTOR software,
stakeholders
ANALISIS PELAKU PENGELOLAAN MANGROVE DI LAGUNA SEGARA ANAKAN, CILACAP.
Ekosistem mangrove merupakan salah satu tipe ekosistem pesisir yang terdapat di sepanjang garis pantai dan muara sungai
yang dipengaruhi oleh pasang surut air laut dan genangan. Laguna Segara Anakan, Cilacap sebagai salah satu tipe ekosistem
pesisir memiliki fungsi perlindungan, penyangga wilayah pesisir dan fungsi kawasan budidaya yang harus didukung dari
aspek kebijakan dan kelembagaan, komunikasi dan koordinasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi peran
pemangku kepentingan dan hubungan antar pemangku kepentingan dalam pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove di Laguna Segara
Anakan, Cilacap. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survei dan wawancara yang dianalisis dengan perangkat
lunak MACTOR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teridentifikasi 18 pemangku kepentingan yang berperan dalam
pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove di Laguna Segara Anakan, Cilacap. Peran pemangku kepentingan dikelompokkan menjadi
pemangku kepentingan utama, pemangku kepentingan kunci, dan pemangku kepentingan pendukung. Yang menggunakan
obyek aktivitas pengelolaan mangrove sebagai aktivitas kunci seperti tambak, konservasi mangrove, penangkapan ikan,
industri dan lain-lain. Tingkat konvergensi antar pelaku kepentingan sebesar 96,1% dan tingkat divergensi sebesar 3,9%.
Hasil ini menunjukkan potensi konflik yang relatif rendah antar pemangku kepentingan. Riset ini dapat digunakan sebagai
model hubungan antar pemangku kepentingan dalam pengelolaan Laguna Segara Anakan.
Kata kunci: Ekosistem mangrove, pengelolaan, Laguna Segara Anakan Cilacap, perangkat lunak MACTOR,
pemangku kepentinganr
*

Corresponding author: dr.endanghilmi@gmail.com

©2024 IJFR. Open access under CC BY-NC-SA license. doi:10.59465/ijfr.2024.11.2.189-209

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I. INTRODUCTION
The mangrove ecosystems are forest areas
along the coastline and are influenced by tides,
water inundation, soil texture, water salinity,
water pH, and oceanographic factors (Azman
et al., 2021; Hilmi, Sari, Cahyo, Mahdiana, &
Samudra, 2021; Rastogi, Phulwaria, & Gupta,
2021). Mangrove ecosystems are unique natural
ecosystems and have high ecological and
economic values (Anneboina & Kavi Kumar,
2017; Dijk, Broersma, & Mehnen, 2016; Hu
et al., 2020; Soares, Assunção, Fernandes, &
Marinho-Soriano, 2018). The function of
mangrove ecosystems includes protecting the
coast from wind, currents, and waves from the
sea, as well as being a habitat (place to live),
feeding ground, and spawning ground for
aquatic biota (Leo, Gillies, Fitzsimons, Hale,
& Beck, 2019; Marlianingrum, Kusumastanto,
Adrianto, & Fahrudin, 2021; Sihombing,
Gunawan, & Sawitri, 2017). Mangrove forests
also can produce firewood, construction wood,
charcoal, dyes, syrup, and others. Mangrove
also has an important function in supporting
the activity of carbon dioxide sequestration to
reduce the impact of global warming (Azman
et al., 2021; Ely, Tuhumena, Sopaheluwakan,
& Pattinaja, 2021; Hartoko, Chayaningrum,
Febrianti, Ariyanto, & Suryanti, 2015; Hilmi et
al., 2017; Thoral et al., 2021).
Segara Anakan Lagoon located in Cilacap
Regency is the largest mangrove ecosystem in
Java with an area of 21.500 ha (before 1990).
The Segara Anakan Lagoon also has the Center
for Indonesia Mangrove Conservation Studies
including Lempong Pucung Hamlet, Ujung
Alang Village, Kampung Laut District, and
Cilacap. The Regional Regulation of Cilacap
Regency 17/2001 concerning Mangrove Forest
Management in Segara Anakan develops
strategic and protective benefits and potential
values, and conservation of ± 56 species of
mangroves (Hilmi, Sari, Amron, Cahyo, &
Siregar, 2021; Hilmi, Sari, Cahyo, Amron, &
Siregar, 2021; Koswara, Ardli, & Yani, 2017;
Nugroho, Piranti, & Husein Sastranegara, 2020;

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Rachman, Hilmi, Anwar, & Penelitian, 2020;
Sari, Adrianto, Soewardi, Atmadipoera, & Hilmi,
2016). However, the mangrove ecosystem in
Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap is currently
degraded due to natural and human factors
(Fatimah et al., 2022). Therefore, integrated
efforts are needed to reduce ecosystem
degradation. Reducing the degradation
required efforts to identify and synergize the
roles of stakeholders in sustainable ecosystem
management and conservation efforts.
The management and conservation activity
require the policy and institutional aspects to
reduce the degradation trend which is caused
by natural phenomena such as tidal flooding,
intrusion, abrasion, water inundation, human
intervention, and the limited role of the
community (Gijón Mancheño et al., 2021;
Hariyadi, 2018; Khan, Abdullah, Salam,
Mandal, & Hossain, 2021). In addition, the
government also develops policies and takes
on roles and responsibilities as the mangrove
forest management authority. However, these
activities still have constraints and management
issues, namely: overlapping authority, poor
communication, lack of coordination among
related stakeholders, and lack of understanding
of conservation and sustainable management,
and knowledge of the impacts of ecosystem
damage (Fatimah, Sudharto, & Kismartini,
2022; Pace, Saritas, & Deidun, 2023; Sari, 2016;
Tandio, Kusmana, Fauzi, & Hilmi, 2023)
Stakeholders
in
mangrove
forest
management are classified into government
agencies, community, academic people (teachers,
lecturers, and mangrove experts), mass media,
and private sector (business) (Fauzi, 2019;
Kalsum, Purwanto, WF, & Sumardi, 2022;
Tandio et al., 2023; Triyanti & Susilowati, 2019;
Wardono, Muhartono, Hikmayani, Apriliani, &
Hikmah, 2019). Stakeholder analysis requires
a methodology to gain an understanding of
a system, assess the impact of change on a
system, and identify and assess the interests
of all stakeholders. Therefore, stakeholders as
groups and individuals must have a certain role

Stakeholders Analysis of Mangrove Ecosystem Management In Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap.........(Anjalli T. Ardiyanto1 et al.)

in achieving the conservation and management
objectives of the mangrove ecosystem. The
first is the government which must have
good influence to develop good policies and
outcomes to support mangrove conservation
and management. The other stakeholders are
the community, academia, private sector, and
mass media which also have an important role
in achieving the success of a program (Ahmad,
Abdullah, & Jaafar, 2016; Ely et al., 2021; Fauzi,
2019; Glass, Kruse, & Miller, 2015; Muawanah,
Kurniasari, Soejarwo, & Yuliaty, 2020; Tandio et
al., 2023) Analyzing the role of the stakeholders
can be done by developing stakeholders role
model to support the objective of mangrove
conservation and management. These activities
can use MACTOR software. MACTOR as a
software tool is used to measure the balance
of power between stakeholders and study the
convergence and divergence of stakeholders
in addressing the interrelated interests and
goals. MACTOR can assist in decision-making
from the various interests of stakeholders
to implement policies and reduce conflicts
(Thompson, 2018; Triyanti & Susilowati,
2019; Wardono et al., 2019). The research
aims to identify and develop the stakeholder
role in managing and conserving mangrove
ecosystems based on the relationship among
stakeholders in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap
using MACTOR software.

II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
A. Research Area
The research was conducted in FebruaryMarch 2023 in Villages in Segara Anakan
Lagoon (SAL), Cilacap, especially in Kotawaru,
Kampung Laut, and Tritih, Central Cilacap
District, Cilacap Regency. The subjects of this
research were stakeholders around the Segara
Anakan mangrove ecosystem. The ecosystem
mangrove in Segara Anakan has specific
characteristics because it is like the semiclosed lagoon and has two seawater gates that
are Pelawangan Barat and Pelawangan Timur
(Hilmi, Sari, Cahyo, Amron, et al., 2021; Hilmi,
Sari, Cahyo, Mahdiana, et al., 2021).
B. Sampling Techniques
This research used two-stage cluster
sampling technique (using village as the first
parameter and stakeholders as the second
parameter) to collect a sample of stakeholders
from villages in East Segara Anakan Lagoon,
Cilacap (Kutawaru, Tritih and Kampung
Laut). The determination of the number of
respondents was based on Slovin’s Formula for
Sampling Technique (Slovin, 1960) as follows
(Saptutyningsih, Diswandi, & Jaung, 2020;
Syafiq, Sirojuzilam, Badaruddin, & Purwoko,
2022)).

Figure 1. Map of Research Location

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....................................(1)
Notes:
n: Number of samples
N: Total population
e: Fault tolerance limit (in this study was 25%)

Focus Group Discussion was developed
following the Slovin index. Based on the Slovin
Index the total number of respondents in this
study was> 30 respondents. Respondents in
this study consisted of the government (Central
Java Province Environment and Forestry
Office, Cilacap Regency Environment Office,
Cilacap Regency Maritime Affairs and Fisheries
Office, Donan Village Government of Cilacap
Regency, Kutawaru Village Government of
Cilacap Regency), academic persons (Jenderal
Soedirman University), private sector/
industry (PT. Pertamina (Persero) RU IV
Cilacap and PT. Solusi Bangun Indonesia Tbk.
Cilacap), ecotourism managers, community
(community leaders, fishermen, mangrove craft
processors and craftsmen, farmers, silvofishery
communities, boat transportation services, the
general public, collectors, NGOs, and direct
mangrove user communities).
C. Research ProcedureT
The research procedure consists of 4 stages,
that were (Fauzi 2019; Tandio et al. 2022, 2023):
1. The initial stage of the research was carried
out by surveying the research location with
field observations and literature studies.
2. The data collection stage by conducting
interviews directly with respondents using
a questionnaire to analysis relation between
stakeholders.
3. The data analysis stage is done by tabulating
the data in Microsoft Excel to get mode
data from the results of the questionnaire
assessment followed by analyzing the data
using MACTOR software.
4. The data classification stage is by grouping
data based on the influence and dependence
between stakeholders presented in the form
of matrices and maps.

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5. MACTOR analysis was conducted to
determine the involvement of actors
concerning the activity object. A table listing
important actors along with their roles,
strategic issues, and objectives of interest
was created. From the first analysis, Actor
Objectives were obtained in the 1MAO
matrix. Subsequently, the following were
generated: 1a) Convergence and divergence
matrix 1 (1MAA), 2a) Convergence
and divergence matrix 2 (2MAA), 3a)
Convergence and divergence matrix 3
(3MAA), 1b) Value matrix (2MAO), 2b)
Position matrix values and weighting, 3b)
Strategic recommendations.
6. Actors are affected by direct and indirect
power matrices and power coefficients.
The steps of identifying and analyzing
the interests of actors were done with
MACTOR software. MACTOR works
by filling in the position matrix or 1MAO
(Actor-Objective Matrix) matrix and
2MAO matrix. After that, the next matrix
to be completed is the MID matrix (Direct
Influence Matrix) which describes the
influencing variables. After filling in the
MID and 1MAO matrices, MACTOR
will calculate the 2MAO matrix through a
computer program. Through the 3MAO
matrix, various features can be generated,
including mobilization coefficients, which
show the various actors involved in a
situation.
7. In addition to using a prospective analysis
approach, this study also formulated the
results of FGDs with stakeholders directly
related to the development of mangrove
areas Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap in
mapping the opinions of main stakeholders,
key
stakeholders,
and
supporting
stakeholders involved in the FGD.
D. Data Analysis
Data analysis used quantitative descriptive
analysis methods and stakeholders’ analysis
using MACTOR software. This analysis
using MACTOR software employed many

Stakeholders Analysis of Mangrove Ecosystem Management In Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap.........(Anjalli T. Ardiyanto1 et al.)

stakeholder groups which is shown in Table 1.
The analysis of stakeholder impact on
mangrove management was analyzed using the
relationship among stakeholders with objective
mangrove management activities. The objective
of mangrove management is shown in Table 2.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. The Role of Stakeholders in Mangrove
Ecosystem Management in Segara
Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap
The data in Table 3 shows that there are
various activities of stakeholders to conserve,
protect, manage, and other activities in the
mangrove ecosystem in Segara Anakan.

Table 1. Stakeholders of mangrove management
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.

Long Label
Environment and Forestry Service of Central Java Province
Cilacap District Environment Agency
Cilacap Regency Marine and Fisheries Agency
Donan and Kutawaru Village Governments
Jenderal Soedirman University
PT. Pertamina (Persero) RU IV Cilacap
PT. Solusi Bangun Indonesia Tbk Cilacap
Ecotourisme management
Community leaders
Fishermen
Fishpond farmers
Local community
Ship Crossing Transportation Services
Mangrove Crafts and Processed Products Maker
Silvofishery society
Agent of Fish and mangrove collectors
Non-government organizations
Direct Mangrove Utilizers

Short Label
DLHK Prov
Dinas LH
Dinas KP
Village's
Academics
Pertamina
PT SBI
Ecotourism
Com. leader
Fishermen
Fishpond's
Community
Ships Boat
Craftsmen
Silvofishr
Fish_agent
NGO
Utilizers

Table 2. Objectives of mangrove management
No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.

Long label
Management of mangrove forest areas
Conservation of the mangrove ecosystem
Fishing ground management
Habitat management for biota or wildlife
Mangrove rehabilitation
Control of heavy metal, petroleum, and domestic water pollution
Improved clean water supply
Mangrove ecosystem preservation efforts
Ecotourism development in mangrove ecosystems
Increased crab catches
Improved economy with fishpond business
Increased shellfish catch
Increased ship and boat transportation income
Innovation of mangrove crafts or preparations
Management of silvofishery system
Continuity of fish catch supply
Controlling mangrove land conversion
Prohibition of mangrove logging

Short label
Forest
Conserve
Fish ground
Habitat
Rehabilitate
Pollution
Freshwater
Preserve
Ecotourism
Crabs
Fishpond
Shellfish
Boats ship
Craft innovate
Silvofishery
Fish catch
Conversion
Logging

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Table 3. Identification of the role of each stakeholder
No.

Stakeholders

1.

Environment and Forestry Service of
Central Java Province

2.

Environmental Service of Cilacap
Regency

3.

Marine and Fisheries Service of Cilacap
Regency

4.

Donan and Kutawaru Village
Government

5.

Academics (Jenderal Soedirman
University)

6.

PT. Pertamina (Persero) RU IV Cilacap

7.

PT. Solusi Bangun Indonesia Tbk Cilacap

8.

Ecotourism Managers

9.

Community Leaders

10.

Fisherman

11.

Fish Farmers

12.
13.

Local Communities
Boat Crossing Transportation Services

14.

Mangrove Handicraft and Processed
Makers

15.

Silvofishery Communities

16.
17.

Fish Collectors
Non-Governmental Organizations
(NGOs)
Direct Mangrove Users

18.

The role
Formulate policies and evaluate the implementation of
policies of Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap mangrove area at
the provincial level.
Conducting guidance and supervision of the implementation
of mangrove ecosystem management in Segara Anakan
Lagoon, Cilacap.
Formulating policies, managing, and evaluating in the field of
capture fisheries, aquaculture, and fisheries business of the
mangrove ecosystem in Segara Anakan Lagon, Cilacap.
Establish development policies and management licenses
carried out in the village area around the mangrove ecosystem
in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap.
Contributing ideas and thoughts in the management of the
mangrove ecosystem through research activities carried out
in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap.
Conduct corporate social responsibility CSR activities to
support environmental conservation in the form of mangrove
planting and contribute to the development of facilities and
infrastructure contained in ecotourism.
CSR activities that contribute to the development of
ecotourism facilities and infrastructure, facilitate mangrove
batik business groups and conduct mangrove planting
programs.
Conducting ecotourism management and developing
ecotourism areas by beautifying the location.
Contribute thoughts and ideas for the development of
villages around mangrove ecosystems.
Utilizing mangrove ecosystem resources by catching fish,
shellfish, crabs, etc.
Developing fisheries businesses with aquaculture activities in
ponds.
Participate in preserving the mangrove ecosystem.
Providing ferry services for the community around the
mangrove ecosystem.
Utilizing mangrove ecosystem resources by innovating
such as making flour and food from mangroves fruits, and
handicrafts in the form of mangrove batik.
Conducting aquaculture business by combining fisheries with
mangrove planting.
Parties that buy fisheries products from fishermen.
Contribute to community empowerment.
Utilizing mangrove ecosystem resources directly such as
mangrove wood utilization.

The results showed that there are about 18
stakeholder groups that play a role in mangrove
ecosystem management in Segara Anakan
Lagoon, Cilacap, which are grouped into the
government, the private sector, academics, and
the community. These stakeholders have direct

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and indirect influence on mangrove ecosystem
management. Based on the roles played, the
stakeholders can be classified into three groups,
namely main stakeholders, key stakeholders,
and supporting stakeholders (Fauzi, 2019;
Muawanah et al., 2020; Tandio et al., 2023).

Stakeholders Analysis of Mangrove Ecosystem Management In Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap.........(Anjalli T. Ardiyanto1 et al.)

The main stakeholders in mangrove
ecosystem management in Segara Anakan
Lagoon, Cilacap consist of ecotourism
managers, community leaders, fishermen, fish
farmers, local communities, boat crossing
transportation services, mangrove processed
craftsmen, silvofishery communities, fish
collectors, non-governmental organizations,
and mangrove users directly. The groups of
main stakeholders are those that can be directly
impacted both positively and negatively by
mangrove ecosystem management (Azman
et al., 2021; Hilmi et al., 2017; Kantharajan
et al., 2018; Shah & Ramesh, 2022). This
shows that these parties are highly dependent
on the existence of mangrove ecosystems in
Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap as their main
livelihood (Fauzi, 2019; Muawanah et al., 2020;
Tandio et al., 2023). Tandio et al. (2022, 2023)
write that the management of the mangrove
ecosystem in North Jakarta is influenced by
eleven stakeholders.
Meanwhile, key stakeholders in the
management of mangrove ecosystems in Segara
Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap are the Central Java
Provincial Environment and Forestry Office,
the Cilacap Regency Environment Office, the
Cilacap Regency Marine and Fisheries Office,
and the Donan Village and Kutawaru Village
Governments. Key stakeholders are stakeholders
who have official authority in decision-making
(Fauzi, 2019; Muawanah et al., 2020; Tandio
et al., 2023), including in mangrove ecosystem
management at the provincial, district, and
village levels. In Segara Anakan Lagoon, the
authority to manage mangrove areas no longer
belongs to the local government but has shifted
to the provincial authority, namely the Central
Java Provincial Environment and Forestry
Service and Perum Perhutani Central Java
Regional Division (Fatimah et al., 2022; Fauzi,
2019; Junaidi, Hilmi, Madusari, & Williansyah,
2022; Muawanah et al., 2020; Tandio et al.,
2023).
Supporting stakeholders in the management
of mangrove ecosystems in Segara Anakan
Lagoon, Cilacap consists of academics

(universities, schools, and pesantren), PT.
Pertamina (Persero) RU IV Cilacap, and PT.
Solusi Bangun Indonesia Tbk Cilacap. These
parties are those who have great concern and
have contributed indirectly to the management
of mangrove ecosystems in Segara Anakan
Lagoon, Cilacap. The data also explained that
the academics have a role to support mangrove
conservation in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap
with the activity of research, and collaboration
with the private sector to do socialization of
mangrove rehabilitation and conservation and
mangrove ecotourism. The private sector (PT.
Pertamina (Persero) RU IV Cilacap and PT.
Solusi Bangun Indonesia Tbk Cilacap) also has
activities to support mangrove conservation
through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
programs. Some examples of stakeholder
activities are ecotourism activities in Kutawaru
Village, namely SIMANJA (Jagapati Mangrove
Conservation) tourism fostered by PT
Pertamina Patra Niaga Integrated Terminal
Cilacap and Kampung Kecrabing Tourism
Village fostered by PT Pertamina (Persero)
RU IV Cilacap. Meanwhile, PT Solusi Bangun
Indonesia Tbk Cilacap fosters the Batik
Mangrove Joint Business Group (KUB). These
supporting stakeholders can act as facilitators
of ongoing programs and can influence
decision-making (Hariyadi, 2018; Hilmi, Sari,
Cahyo, Amron, et al., 2021; Rachman, 2020;
Wardoyo, 2019). Research from (Tandio et
al., 2023) reported that DPRD DKI Jakarta,
the Ministry of Environment and Forestry
of the Republic of Indonesia, the Bureau of
Development and Environment of DKI Jakarta
Province the Mayor of North Jakarta City, and
the Government of DKI Jakarta Province have
high influenced to support the sustainable of
mangrove management in North of Jakarta.
B. Relationship Between Stakeholders
in Supporting Mangrove Ecosystem
Management in Segara Anakan Lagoon,
Cilacap
Figure 2 shows that the Central Java
Provincial Environment and Forestry Service

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Figure 2. Matrix of influence and dependence between stakeholders

(DLHK Prov. Central Java) has the highest
influence on other stakeholders with an
influence value of (li=510), while those with
the greatest dependence on other stakeholders
are local communities (Masyarakat) with a
dependence value of (Di=511). This shows
that the Department of Environment and
Forestry of Central Java Province (DLHK
Prov. Central Java) has the highest authority
in the management of mangrove ecosystems
in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap, including
in terms of licensing and policy making.
Meanwhile, local communities are the affected
parties of mangrove area management policies
that are highly dependent on the existence of
mangrove ecosystems as their main livelihood.
The results also showed that local communities
are the main stakeholders who are the main
objects of government policy (Fauzi, 2019;
Tandio et al., 2023; Triyanti & Susilowati, 2019).
The stakeholders' influence and dependency
map is a graph of the position, dependency, and
influence between one actor and another (direct
influence and indirect influence) analyzed with
MACTOR software. The strength of influence
and the level of dependence of stakeholders in
MDII are described according to their location
in the quadrant, with the concept that the higher
position of the actor, the stronger the influence,
while the more to the right the actor has a high
dependence (Fauzi, 2019; Kalsum et al., 2022;
Mahardika, Yulianda, Adrianto, & Sulistiono,

196

2022; Tandio et al., 2023; Triyanti & Susilowati,
2019). The map of influence and dependency
between stakeholders in mangrove ecosystem
management in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap
can be seen in Figure 3.
Figure 3 shows that the Central Java
Provincial Environment and Forestry Service
(DLHK Prov. Central Java), Cilacap Regency
Marine and Fisheries Service (Dinas KP),
Cilacap Regency Environmental Service (Dinas
LH), Donan Village and Kutawaru Village
Governments (Village Governments), Jenderal
Soedirman University (Academics), PT.
Pertamina (Persero) RU IV Cilacap (Pertamina),
and PT. Solusi Bangun Indonesia Tbk Cilacap
(PT. SBI) are dominant key stakeholders
because they have the highest influence and can
influence other stakeholders with a low level of
dependence (quadrant I/top left). Stakeholders
in this position are very important as policy
designers, directing the implementation and
evaluation of policies applied in mangrove
ecosystem management in Segara Anakan
Lagoon, Cilacap. All stakeholders in Quadrant I
have a strong influence and low dependence on
the mangrove ecosystem management scenario
in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap.
Ecotourism
managers
(PEkowisata),
community leaders (TokohMsy), local
communities
(Masyarakat),
and
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are
relay stakeholders (quadrant II/top right)

Stakeholders Analysis of Mangrove Ecosystem Management In Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap.........(Anjalli T. Ardiyanto1 et al.)

Figure 3. Map of influence and dependence between stakeholders

because the power of influence is high but the
dependence is also high. Stakeholders who are
in this position will spearhead and determine
the success of the implementation of
mangrove ecosystem management activities in
Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap tailored to their
respective capacities and roles. Stakeholders
in this position are also referred to as relay
stakeholders. Stakeholder relay depends on
stakeholders who are encouraged in Quadrant
I, but have a significant influence on Quadrant
III through the influence of Quadrant I
stakeholders on Quadrant II stakeholders
(Fauzi, 2019; Mahardika et al., 2022; Tandio et
al., 2023; Wardono et al., 2019).
The ship and boats transportation service
(TransKapal),
fishermen
(Fishermen),
fish farmers (Cultivators), fish collectors
(Collectors), mangrove handicraft makers
and preparations (Craftsmen), silvofishery
communities (MsySilvofi) and direct mangrove
users (Beneficiaries) are stakeholders who are
the object of mangrove management activities
(quadrant III/bottom right). This indicates that
these stakeholders are highly influenced and

dependent on other stakeholders. Stakeholders
who are in this position have a low level of
power but have a high level of dependence
on other stakeholders (Fauzi, 2019; Mahardika
et al., 2022; Tandio et al., 2023; Wardono et
al., 2019). The more upward actor has a high
influence, while the more to the right actor
has a high dependence (Mahardika et al., 2022;
Tandio et al., 2023; Wardono et al., 2019).
C. Competitiveness between Stakeholders
in Segara Anakan Lagoon
The diagram of the competitiveness
of stakeholders in mangrove ecosystem
management in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap
is shown in Figure 4. The competitiveness
between stakeholders explains the role
of stakeholders in supporting mangrove
conservation in SAL (Tandio et al., 2022). The
number of MDII (matrix direct influence)
competitiveness also shows the direct influence
of stakeholders to support the mangrove
conservation in SAL.
Figure 4 shows that the stakeholders that play
an important role both directly and indirectly

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Figure 4. Histogram of competitiveness between stakeholders

are the Central Java Provincial Environment
and Forestry Service (DLHK Prov. Central
Java) (1.95), the Cilacap Regency Environment
Service (DinasLH) (1.53), the Cilacap Regency
Marine and Fisheries Service (DinasKP) (1.44),
Donan Village Government and Kutawaru
Village Government (Village Government)
(1.20),
Jenderal
Soedirman
University
(Academician) (1.45), PT. Pertamina (Persero)
RU IV Cilacap (Pertamina) (1.47), PT. Solusi
Bangun Indonesia Tbk. Cilacap (PT. SBI) (1.21),
ecotourism managers (Ecotourism Managers)
(1.24), community leaders (Community
Leaders) (1.05), community (Community)
(1.04), and non-governmental organizations
(NGOs) (1.09). Meanwhile, stakeholders who
have weak competitiveness are fishermen
(Fishermen) (0.63), fish farmers (Cultivators)
(0.52), ship crossing transportation services
(TransKapal) (0.70), mangrove craftsmen and
preparations (Craftsmen) (0.46), silvofishery
communities (MsySilvofi) (0.36), fish collectors
(Collectors) (0.38), and direct mangrove users
(Beneficiaries) (0.27). This is by the reference
which states that stakeholders who have

198

a value of more than 1 (100%) have high
competitiveness and conversely stakeholders
who have a value of less than 100% have low
competitiveness dependence (Mahardika et
al., 2022; Tandio et al., 2023; Wardono et al.,
2019). Different from these results, Tandio et
al. (2023) and (Tandio et al., 2022) reported that
the Regional Peoples Representative Council,
Ministery of Environment and Forestry,
Jakarta Environment Department Burau, and
local government of Jakarta have a high role in
supporting the conservation and management
of the mangrove ecosystem in North Jakarta.
D. The convergence and correlation
between key stakeholders in Segara
Anakan Lagoon
Figure 5 shows that 17 stakeholders support
the 18 objectives that have been formulated
indicated by the number (+1) and there is 1
stakeholder who does not support 5 of the 18
formulated objectives indicated by the number
(-1). This shows that direct users of mangroves
are more concerned with achieving economic
goals than sustainability goals. This should

Stakeholders Analysis of Mangrove Ecosystem Management In Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap.........(Anjalli T. Ardiyanto1 et al.)

Figure 5. Valence level matrix of stakeholders to goals

Figure 6. Convergence matrix between stakeholders

get attention from the government so that the
achievement of economic goals is balanced
with sustainability goals. Disagreement with
sustainability goals by direct mangrove users
(Beneficiaries), indicates the need for intensive
socialization and efforts to increase awareness
of the importance of mangrove ecosystem
conservation in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap
to realize sustainable mangrove.
The next analysis is the Actor and Actor
Convergence Matrix (2CAA). This matrix
calculates the average intensity of convergence
between two stakeholders when they have

the same level (pro or contra to the goal).
The following convergence matrix between
stakeholders (2CAA) in mangrove ecosystem
management in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap
is presented in Figure 6
Figure 6 also shows that the Central Java
Provincial Environment and Forestry Service
(DLHK Prov. Central Java), the Cilacap
Regency Environmental Service (DinasLH),
and the Cilacap Regency Marine and Fisheries
Service (DinasKP) with ecotourism managers
(PEkowisata) have the same interest with an
intensity coefficient of 55.0. This shows that the

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Figure 7a. Graph of convergence between stakeholders (Order 1)

Figure 7b. Graph of convergence between stakeholders (Order 2)

level of stakeholder interest and cooperation is
very strong. The stakeholder pair that has the
highest value indicates the high intensity of
the pair's relationship toward achieving goal
dependence (Mahardika et al., 2022; Tandio et
al., 2023; Wardono et al., 2019). The degree of
convergence in SAL was 96.1% and the degree
of convergence above 79% indicates that the
possibility of conflict is relatively low (Fauzi,
2019; Mahardika et al., 2022; Tandio et al.,
2023).)

200

Figures 7a and 7b show the strongest
convergence
between
stakeholders
in
mangrove ecosystem management in Segara
Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap, indicated by the red
line. Starting from the Central Java Provincial
Environment and Forestry Service (DLHK
Prov), the Cilacap Regency Environment
Service (DinasLH), the Cilacap Regency
Maritime and Fisheries Service (DinasKP)
to ecotourism managers (PEkowisata), and
the local community (Masyarakat) indicated

Stakeholders Analysis of Mangrove Ecosystem Management In Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap.........(Anjalli T. Ardiyanto1 et al.)

Figure 8. Matrix of Weighted Values of Stakeholders’ Position against Objectives

Figure 9. Histogram of Stakeholders’ Mobility to Objectives

by thick red arrows with convergence values
of 55.0 and 54.0 respectively. The role and
participation of the community are very
important in the formulation of policies by
the government in management, starting from
planning, implementation, and evaluation to
realize sustainable management (Mahardika
et al., 2022; Pace et al., 2023; Saptutyningsih

et al., 2020). The role of the central and local
governments is needed, especially for ecosystem
user communities through extension activities,
socialization, and dialogue to get input on ideas
and common perceptions related to mangrove
ecosystem management (Mahardika et al., 2022;
Tandio et al., 2023; Triyanti & Susilowati, 2019;
Wardono et al., 2019) (Figure 8).

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Figure 10. Weighted Divergence Value Matrix Between Stakeholders

Figure 11a. Graph divergence between stakeholders (Order 1)

Figure 11b. Graph divergence between stakeholders (Order 2)

202

Stakeholders Analysis of Mangrove Ecosystem Management In Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap.........(Anjalli T. Ardiyanto1 et al.)

The 3MAO matrix also shows that the
most active stakeholders in this activity are
the Central Java Provincial Environment and
Forestry Service (DLHK Prov. Central Java)
and the Cilacap Regency Environmental Service
(DinasLH) with mobility values of 107.0 and
84.1, respectively. The mobilization level of
66.2 (bottom row) shows that rehabilitation
of the degraded mangrove ecosystem is the
goal that gets the most attention from the
stakeholders. This can be seen in Figure 9, where
the mobilization level of 66.2 is fully supported
by the agreement of the stakeholders. This is
because the stakeholders feel the importance of
degraded mangrove ecosystem rehabilitation
(Rhblitasi). All stakeholders provide support
for mangrove ecosystem rehabilitation activities
in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap.
The analysis of the level of divergence
between stakeholders in Figure 10 shows the
level of divergence between stakeholders
presented in the form of a Valued Divergence

Matrix (2DAA). The highest divergence value is
owned by direct mangrove users (Beneficiaries)
with a value of 270.0. This indicates that direct
mangrove users (Beneficiaries) have the greatest
potential for conflict with other stakeholders.
However, the overall degree of divergence is
shown at 3.9% which indicates that there is
no potential conflict from the activities of the
stakeholders because the value of the degree of
divergence is still lower than 20% (Fauzi, 2019;
Mahardika et al., 2022; Tandio et al., 2023).
Figures 11a and 11b also show a visualization
of the divergence between stakeholders. The
strongest divergence occurs between the
Central Java Provincial Environment and
Forestry Service (DLHK Prov. Central Java)
and the Cilacap Regency Environmental
Service (DinasLH) with direct mangrove users
(Beneficiaries) which are marked with a thick
red line and the divergence value found in direct
mangrove users (Mangrove users) is 18.5.

Objectives: Management of Fishing Areas;
Rehabilitation of Damage to Mangrove Ecosystems;
Control of Water Pollution Due to Heavy Metals,
Petroleum and Domestic; Improvement of Clean
Water Supply; Development of Mangrove Ecotourism;
Improvement of Crab Catches; Improvement of the
Pond Economy; Improvement of Shellfish Catches;
Increased Revenue for Transportation and Ferry
Services; Innovation in Crafts or Processing of
Fishery Products; Management of Fishery Lands using
Silvofishery Systems; Continuity of Catch Supply;
Controlling of Mangrove Land Use Change

Objectives: Mangrove forest management, Mangrove
Ecosystem Conservation, Biota or Animal Habitat
Management, Mangrove Ecosystem Preservation
Efforts, Mangrove Logging Prohibition

Figure 12. The influent scale of key stakeholders with objectives

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E. The influent scale of key stakeholders
with the objective
This analysis of MACTORs uses "scales"
for each objective. The following are the
"scales" for each objective presented in
Figure 12. Figure 12 shows that of the 18
objectives that have been formulated, there
are pros and cons among stakeholders.
Thirteen objectives were fully supported by
stakeholders, namely the management of
fishing grounds (Catch), rehabilitation of the
damaged mangrove ecosystem (Rehabilitation),
control of water pollution due to heavy metals,
petroleum, and domestic (Pollution), increased
availability of clean water (Water Supply),
development of ecotourism in mangrove
ecosystems (Ecotourism), increased crab
catch (Crab), economic improvement with
ponds (Ponds), increased catches of shellfish
(Shellfish), increased income of boat crossing
transportation services (Ships), innovation
of mangrove crafts or processing (Crafts),
management of fishery land with silvofishery
system (Silvofishery), sustainability of catch
supply (Supply), and control of mangrove land
conversion (Land). However, there 5 objectives
that are not fully supported by stakeholders
which are the management of mangrove forest
areas (Forest), preservation of mangrove
ecosystems (Conservation), management of
biota or animal habitats (Habitat), efforts to
preserve mangrove ecosystems (Sustainable),
and prohibition of mangrove forest logging
(Logging) (Hariyadi, 2018; Sari, 2016).
Stakeholders that support the formulated
goals/objectives are the Environmental and
Forestry Service (DLHK Prov), the Cilacap
Regency Environmental Service (DinasLH),
the Marine and Fisheries Service (DinasKP),
the Donan Village and Kutawaru Village
Governments (PemDes), Jenderal Soedirman
University (Academics), PT. Pertamina (Persero)
RU IV Cilacap (Pertamina), PT. Solusi Bangun
Indonesia Tbk Cilacap (PT. SBI), ecotourism
managers (Ecotourism Managers), community
leaders (Community Leaders), fishermen

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(Fishermen), fish farmers (Cultivators), local
communities (Communities), ship crossing
transportation services (TransKapal), craftsmen
and mangrove preparations (Craftsmen),
silvofishery communities (MsySilvofi), fish
collectors (Collectors), and non-governmental
organizations (NGOs). Meanwhile, stakeholders
who disagree with the formulated objectives are
direct mangrove users (Beneficiaries). Parties
that are pro to the goal have an awareness of the
importance of the sustainability of mangrove
ecosystems in Segara Anakan Lagoon by
paying attention to activities that support the
sustainability of mangrove ecosystems, while
the direct mangrove users prioritize goals that
lead to profit or income so that it contradicts the
goal of sustainability. Utilization of mangrove
areas for rice fields, ponds, and illegal logging
as part of human activities to gain benefits for
their survival (Fatimah et al., 2022; Hariyadi,
2018; Yulianti & Ariastita, 2012).
Figure 13 illustrates the distance relationship
between objectives in mangrove ecosystem
management in SAL. It can be seen that the
goal of rehabilitation of degraded mangrove
ecosystem (Rehabilitation) with increased water
supply (Water Supply) and the prohibition of
mangrove logging (Logging) with mangrove
ecosystem conservation efforts (Lestari)
and management of biota or animal habitat
(Habitat) has the strongest relationship, which
is marked with a thick red line. This shows
that the goal of rehabilitation of degraded
mangrove ecosystems (Rehabilitation) can
support the success of the goal of increasing
the availability of clean water (Water Supply).
The goal of mangrove ecosystem conservation
efforts (Lestari) and management of biota
or animal habitats (Habitat) will support the
success of the goal of prohibiting mangrove
logging (Logging) (Azman et al., 2021; Datta &
Deb, 2017; Murniasih, Hendarto, & Hilm, 2022;
Sidik, Lawrence, Wagey, Zamzani, & Lovelock,
2023).
Figure 14 provides an overview of the
relationship between stakeholders in the
management of mangrove ecosystems in

Stakeholders Analysis of Mangrove Ecosystem Management In Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap.........(Anjalli T. Ardiyanto1 et al.)

Figure 13. Graph of net distance between objectives

Figure 14. Graph of net distance between stakeholders

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Segara Anakan Lagoon, which shows the
existence of linkages between the Central
Java Provincial Environment and Forestry
Service (DLHK Prov. Central Java), the Cilacap
Regency Environment Office (DinasLH), the
Cilacap Regency Maritime and Fisheries Service
(DinasKP), the Village Government (PemDes)
Donan and Kutawaru, ecotourism managers
(PEkowisata), local communities (Masyarakat),
silvofishery communities (MsySilvofi), and the
strongest are non-governmental organizations
(NGOs). The relationship between stakeholders
is shown with a thick red line. This shows that
there is mutually beneficial cooperation between
stakeholders in preserving the mangrove
ecosystem in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap.

Based on the role of stakeholders, the
mangrove ecosystem management in Segara
Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap requires the big role
of the Central Java Provincial Environment
and Forestry Office, the Cilacap Regency
Environment Office, the Cilacap Regency
Marine and Fisheries Office, and the Donan
Village and Kutawaru Village Governments
as the key stakeholders; meanwhile, Jenderal
Soedirman University, PT. Pertamina RU IV
Cilacap, and PT. Solusi Bangun Indonesia
Tbk. Cilacap, as the supporting stakeholders
to support mangrove conservation in Segara
Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap, also plays big roles in
the SAL mangrove ecosystem management.

IV. CONCLUSION

The author's praise and respect go to the
Chair of LPPM Unsoed supports Applied
Research LPPM Unsoed 2023 and 2024
(decision letter Unsoed Rector no 1120/
UN23/PT.01.02/2023 and no 775/UN23/
PT.01.02/2024) the Dean of the Faculty of
Fisheries and Marine Sciences Unsoed, and
thanks also to the research institute team, all
reviews, journal editors for their cooperation in
supporting the publication of this journal.

Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap has 18
stakeholders who have different roles in
supporting the management activities of
the mangrove ecosystem. The relationship
between stakeholders in mangrove ecosystem
management in Segara Anakan Lagoon,
Cilacap is indicated by the value of the degree
of convergence and divergence. The degree of
convergence is 96.1% which indicates that the
possibility of conflict between stakeholders is
relatively small, while the degree of divergence
is 3.9% which indicates the potential for
conflict that can occur. The positive objectives
to support mangrove conservation and
management were the Management of Fishing
Areas; Rehabilitation of Degraded Mangrove
Ecosystems; Control of Water Pollution Due
to Heavy Metals, Petroleum, and Domestic;
Improvement of Clean Water Supply;
Development of Mangrove Ecotourism;
Improvement of Crab Catches; Improvement of
the Pond Economy; Improvement of Shellfish
Catches; Increased Revenue for Transportation
and Ferry Services; Innovation in Crafts or
Processing of Fishery Products; Management
of Fishery Lands using Silvofishery Systems;
Continuity of Catch Supply; Controlling of
Mangrove Land Use Change.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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