Journal of Language and Applied Linguistics Vol 02 No 01, 2021: 55-64 https://dx.
org/10.
22334/traverse.
THE ANALYSIS OF TEMPORAL DEIXIS TERMS IN
THE SONG LYRICS OF AuTHATAoS THE SPIRIT
ALBUM BY BRING ME THE HORIZON
I Wayan Bayu Swastana1*.
Putu Devi Maharani2.
I GB Wahyu Nugraha3 Mahasaraswati Denpasar University.
Bali yanbayu97@gmail.
com, devmaharani86@gmail.
com, wahyunugraha1980@yahoo.
ABSTRACT
This study is focused on the temporal deixis of AuThatAos the SpiritAy album by Bring Me the Horizon.
In a language an expression that used for pointing person, location, and time is called deixis.
Deixis is part of pragmatics that concern with context in language.
There are two objectives in this study which are .
to find out the temporal deixis terms in AuThatAos the SpiritAy album .
to analyze the context of temporal deixis in AuThatAos the SpiritAy album.
The data collection in this study is done by using documentation method and qualitative method is used for explaining the result of the data.
The temporal deixis is divided into three terms which are specific time, pure deictic term, and the last is verb tense, those classification has three roles in the language which are for pointing the time of utterance is happened before the utterance or in the past, at the moment or the action happened at the same time with the utterance and the last is the action happened after the utterance or in the future.
The result of this has found verb tense with 87.
20% of 75 data, then the pure deictic word with 11.
63% of 10 data and the last is 1.
17% of specific time with 1 data only.
Keywords: Deixis.
Temporal deixis.
Song lyrics INTRODUCTION The study of context in language is considered as pragmatics.
It is scoped the interpretation or the meaning of the context in linguistic.
Based on the theory of Cruse .
pragmatics is a study that deals with aspects where context must be taken into account.
Levinson .
stated that pragmatics is the study of the conditions of human language uses as these are specified by the context of society the other researcher which is Leech .
explained that pragmatics is study that learn about the meaning that related to the speech situations.
Pragmatic has several scopes of subfields and one of them called deixis.
Yule .
6: .
stated that deixis is a technical term for one of the most fundamental things that done with utterances .
rom Gree.
It means Aupointing viaAy language.
Any linguistic form used for accomplishing this AupointingAy is called a deictic expression.
Deictic expressions are also sometimes called indexical.
They are among the first forms to be stated by very young children and may be used for indicating time by temporal deixis https://traverse.
https://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by/4.
Journal of Language and Applied Linguistics Vol 02 No 01, 2021: 55-64 https://dx.
org/10.
22334/traverse.
ow, the.
, or location by using spatial deixis .
ere, ther.
, or people by person deixis .
e, yo.
these all expressions depend, for their interpretation, on the speaker and hearer that sharing the same context.
of the experts also explained that deictic expression is how someone understanding the context of speakerAos statement (Cummings, 2005:.
The types of deixis are divided into five parts according to Cruse .
they are person deixis, temporal deixis, spatial deixis, social deixis and discourse deixis.
deixis is used in both spoken or written language or it can be said that deixis is existed in every part of language that uttered or written by human being because deixis is the expression that referring the context or the point of the statement itself.
Because the deixis is founded in almost in every aspect in language it is unavoidable to see the deixis in a literature for example song lyrics.
Grolier .
defines that a short of musical creation set a poetic text with equal importance given to music and to the words is called song Aua short metrical contexture purposely to sing is the definition of song, esp.
One in rhymed stanzas: a lyric: a ballad.
Then, there are some definitions of lyrics that mention by Grolier .
Ay which are lyrics are the contexture in verse which is sung to a melody to constitute a song.
Lyric is expressing deep personal emotion or observations, lyrics are a set of words that make up lyrics can be studied from an academic perspective.
For example, some lyrics can be considered as a shape of social commentary.
Lyrics also may be analysed with respect to the sense of unity .
r lack of unit.
with Based on the phenomenon above, it is very interesting to analyse the temporal deixis terms used in the song lyrics of AuThatAos the SpiritAy album by Bring Me the Horizon, the whole lyric of AuThatAos the SpiritAy album is taken from https://genius.
By reason of it is a song album that contains meaningful lyric which is make it more valuable if it is analysed by using the deixis theory to find out the context in it.
METHODS
For the data source of this study were collected from AuThatAos the SpiritAy album by Bring Me the Horizon.
It is the fifth album by Bring Me the Horizon, it was published 11th of September 2015.
This album consists with 11 songs which are Doomed.
Happy Song.
Throne.
True Friends.
Follow You.
What You Need.
Avalanche.
Run.
Drown.
Blasphemy.
Oh No.
AuThatAos the SpiritAy became a controversial album for their fans since Bring Me the Horizon changed their genre from metalcore to pop rock in this album and it makes their fans being separated into two side, in one hand their old fans hated this album and in the other hand Bring Me the Horizon got new fans because of the uniqueness of genre that they implied in this album.
https://traverse.
https://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by/4.
Journal of Language and Applied Linguistics Vol 02 No 01, 2021: 55-64 https://dx.
org/10.
22334/traverse.
The album has quite dark vibes because the song lyric is about problem like depression and mental health.
The album getting interesting to analyze since the lyric of this album has deep meaning that can be discover by finding the deixis and the context of deixis in it.
The researcher decided to use this album because the album has not been used by the other researcher especially in analyzing deixis.
The documentation method is used in collecting the data by reading, listening and doing note taking technique to classify the spatial deixis in AuThatAos the SpiritAy album.
The documentation method here is divided into three techniques which are first listening to the whole song to get the feeling that expressed in the song by song writer, second reading the whole lyric to get better understanding about the thing that wanted to tell from each songs, and the third or the last step is doing note taking technique in collecting the data then classifying the data that taken from AuThatAos the SpiritAy by Bring Me the Horizon based on the theory of Cruse In this study the method that used to analyze the data is qualitative method which means the data is explained by using descriptive words.
The data explanation is based on Cruse .
for explaining the temporal deixis terms.
Then, it followed by the explanation of context of temporal deixis in the song lyrics AuThatAos the SpiritAy album by Bring Me the Horizon by using the theory of Halliday and Hassan .
to get the context of The analysis is focused on finding the temporal deixis in AuThatAos the SpiritAy album and then analyzing the context of temporal deixis on several lyric in the album.
Both formal and informal presentation is used in this study for presenting the data, for the formal presentation showed by putting the data in the form of table and the informal presentation showed by explaining the data based on the theory of Cruse .
for classifying the terms of temporal deixis then used the theory of Halliday and Hassan .
in explaining the context of temporal deixis in AuThatAos the SpiritAy album by using descriptive words.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
RESULT
Temporal deictics indicate the timing of an event relative to the time of speaking.
they are pure deictic word, specific time and the verb Here is the table of the data that collected from the data analysis in AuThatAos the SpiritAy album.
https://traverse.
https://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by/4.
Journal of Language and Applied Linguistics Vol 02 No 01, 2021: 55-64 https://dx.
org/10.
22334/traverse.
Song Title Doomed Happy Song Throne True Friends Follow You What You Need Avalanche Run Drown Blasphemy Oh No TOTAL Temporal deictic words Pure Spesific Verb Tense Percenta It can be seen that in the table above the total of temporal deixis that found in AuThatAos the SpiritAy album by Bring Me the Horizon is 86 data which are the combination of data in the song lyric as follows.
Doomed with 12.
of 11 data.
Happy song with 7% of 6 data.
Throne with 11.
6 of 10 data.
True Friends with 12,8% of 11 data.
Follow You with 12.
8% of 11 data.
What You Need with 10.
5% of 9 data.
Avalanche with 8,5% of 5 data.
Run 7% of 6 data.
Drown with 3.
5% of 3 data.
Blasphemy 10,5% of 9 data, and the last is Oh No with 5% of five data.
There are three song titles that consist with the highest data of temporal deixis term in AuThatAos the SpiritAy album by Bring Me the Horizon are Doomed.
True Friends and Follow You.
DISCUSSION
Temporal deictic word indicates the timing of an event relative to the time of speaking (Cruse, 2006: 179.
2006: .
From eleven songs in AuThatAos the SpiritAy album, some data that found were classified into temporal deixis or time deixis occur.
It showed in the form of table to make it easier and SPECIFIC TIME Many temporal deictics give extra information, such as tomorrow (Authe day after the day which includes the time of speakingA.
and last year (Aothe .
year previous to the one which includes the time of speakingA.
(Cruse 2.
Data 1 Song title : Throne So you can throw me to the wolves https://traverse.
https://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by/4.
Journal of Language and Applied Linguistics Vol 02 No 01, 2021: 55-64 https://dx.
org/10.
22334/traverse.
Tomorrow I will come back, leader of the whole pack Beat me black and blue Every wound will shape me, every scar will build my throne! As mentioned above the bolded italic word in the data is tomorrow, the deictic word tomorrow is categorized as specific temporal deixis that indicates the speaker who uttered the expression will do something in the future or can be said specifically on the next day the speaker will do something based on his utterance.
For the context of situation, in the view of field the situation that tried to describe by the song writer is about a person who struggle for proving himself able to turn the table from someone who hurt him this time.
The participants or the tenor in this lyric is the speaker who tried to prove himself could beat the addressee, and the addressee who did bad thing or hurt the speaker all this time.
The last is the mode which is the thing that expected by the speaker in the lyrics or the purposed of the lyric itself, it can be seen in the second line of the lyrics the speaker uttered deictic word tomorrow and followed by commissive sentence that means the speaker make a promise that he will revenge for the thing that he faced this time or specifically it will surely done in the future whether it soon or later, then the whole lyric is categorized as informal spoken language style that used narrative types because the speaker in this lyric told about his bad experience that he faced from the addressee, and the thing that expected by the speaker here wanted to tell the addressee to get ready for revenge that will happened in the future for the judgment of the action that done to the PURE TEMPORAL DEIXIS Cruse .
stated that the only AopureAo English temporal deictics .
hose which give no other informatio.
are now, which designates a time period overlapping with the time of speaking, and then, which basically means Aonot nowAo, and can point either into the future or the past: I was much younger then.
YouAoll be somewhat older by then.
Data 2 Song title : Drown Who Dive I'm Save Who Drag Save me from myself, don't let me drown The bolded italic word in the second data is now, it categorized as pure deictic word based on the theory of Cruse .
, deictic word now is used for pointing the time that stated is happened at the same time with the https://traverse.
https://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by/4.
Journal of Language and Applied Linguistics Vol 02 No 01, 2021: 55-64 https://dx.
org/10.
22334/traverse.
If it analysed based on the context of situation, the field is about a person who depressed and really need help to solve his problem.
Then the tenor is the speaker who needs help, and the listener of the songs who expected by the speaker for helping him in his situation.
For the mode the first line and the third line that uttered by the speaker is categorized as interrogative sentence that indicates the speaker ask someone or the If it seen from the whole lyrics it categorized as informal spoken language style that used interrogative and imperative sentence because the song writer asked someone if something bad happened or depression come to him again, is there anyone who will help him at that moment by using deictic word now and requesting to the one who wants to help him in solving the depression that speaker faced.
It can be concluded that the speaker expected from the lyric is to get helped and being supported if he felt down in his life by others or the listener to escaped from the depression that he felt all this time.
VERB TENSE
Based on Cruse .
verb tense is also deictic: I washed the dishes.
I am washing the dishes.
I will wash the dishes.
It is useful, when speaking about to distinguish three points in time: the time at which the event occurred (ET), the time at which the utterance was produced (UT), and the reference time (RT).
In the so-called primary tenses, past, present and future.
UT and RT are the same.
There are also secondary or compound tenses in which UT and RT are different.
In the case of the Aopluperfect tenseAo.
RT is in the past relative to UT: Liz had already left when I arrived (LizAos leaving preceded my arrival, which preceded the time of speakin.
In the Aofuture perfect tenseAo.
RT is in the future relative to UT: By the time I arrive.
Liz will have left.
It is also possible to have a Aofuture-in-the-past tenseAo: Liz was about to leave when I arrived Data 3 Song title : Avalanche Cut me open and tell me what's inside Diagnose me, 'cause I can't keep wondering why And no, it's not a phase, 'cause it happens all the time Start over, check again, now tell me what you find 'Cause I'm going out of frequency Can anyone respond The temporal deixis in the lyric entitled Avalanche is am going, it is considered as verb temporal deixis because deictic word am going is used to point the time of the action or the thing that happened to speaker is at the same time with the utterance.
The field here is about a person who feel so frustrated with the problem that he faced in his life which is a depression.
There are two https://traverse.
https://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by/4.
Journal of Language and Applied Linguistics Vol 02 No 01, 2021: 55-64 https://dx.
org/10.
22334/traverse.
participants in the lyric, which are the speaker who got depressed, and the addressee who being asked by the speaker about his problem in his life.
Then here is the explanation of the mode, in the second line is the deictic word is founded and the speaker used declarative sentence because he described his condition that felt out of frequency which is a hyperbole statement for telling his condition which is feel extremely lonely in this world and no one canAot see or noticed his condition at the time of the utterance by saying the deictic word now in the lyric.
For the whole lyrics it considered as informal spoken language style since the speaker used descriptive, imperative and narrative types because the speaker desperately told the addressee to check his condition, then described what he has faced and experienced in the lyric and told about what he felt this time to the from the lyric above it can concluded that the thing that expected or the purpose of the thing that said by the speaker in the lyric is he desperately need help from the other by describing his condition and hoped other people can solve his problem as fast as possible because he canAot stand with the problem anymore.
Data 4 Song Title : True Friends It's funny how things work out Such a bitter irony like a kick right to the teeth It fell apart right from the start But I couldn't even see the forest for the trees Its clear that the bolded italic word above is fell, the deictic word fell is belong to verb temporal deixis since it used for pointing the time of the topic had been happened before the utterance.
The thing that concluded from the context of situation in the lyric above are, the first field is about hatred that felt by the speaker to addressee that caused by a mistake that done by the addressee from the first time they know each other.
the second is the tenor or the participants in the lyrics are the addressee who hated the addressee, and the addressee who did mistake in the past toward the speaker.
the third is the mode or what is expected by the speaker from the song lyrics, in the fourth line is clear that the speaker used declarative sentence that indicates there were something wrong between the speaker with the addressee in the past and this explanation is supported by the deictic word that used by the speaker which is fell that refers to the past form of fall word.
For the whole lyric is classified into informal spoken language style that used narrative type since the speaker telling about his story between him and the addressee from the first to the fourth line that showing bitterness of their relationship, how the speaker dislike the addressee, and the speaker used a phrase in last line means only focused on the fault that done by the addressee rather than thinking more about what is the purpose or the reason of the addressee did something bad https://traverse.
https://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by/4.
Journal of Language and Applied Linguistics Vol 02 No 01, 2021: 55-64 https://dx.
org/10.
22334/traverse.
toward the speaker.
From the lyric it is clear that the speaker just wanted to show his hatred toward the addressee because of the thing that done by the addressee is extremely unacceptable for the speaker.
Data 5 Song title : Doomed So leave a light on.
I'm coming home It's getting darker, but I'll carry on The sun don't shine but it never did And when it rains, it fuckin' pours, but I think I like it And you know that I'm in love with the mess.
I think I like it The deictic word in the lyric above is marked with bolded italic word, and it is will, the words will in this lyric is considered as verb temporal deixis because it used for pointing the time of the action that will done after the utterance.
The context of deixis in the song lyric entitled Doomed are, the field is about a person who completely depressed in living his life all this time.
The tenor is the speaker who depressed and felt his live is full of mess, and the addressee who being told about the perspective or the condition of the the mode in this lyric is, as it mentioned in the second line of the lyric the speaker used commissive sentence that shown by using deictic word will that indicating even the speaker felt extremely depressed in his life, he still trying to continue his life as long as he can.
For the whole lyric above is categorized as informal spoken language style that used descriptive, and narrative types because the speaker describing and telling the story of his life in the lyrics, the speaker felt extremely depressed and the depression changed his perspective a lot like even the light on that indicating the reality is normal or its not dark but the speaker who depressed feel dark around him because he always think about everything negatively, then he also said the sun doesnAot shine but it never did in the lyric which indicating how a depressed person perspective which is always feel the dark all the time even actually he saw the sun shining but because of the depression he never felt the good thing in his life, the last part is the fourth and the fifth line that showing the speaker said sarcastic sentence by telling that the one who got depressed loved with the sadness by visualized it with rain and also loved the mess in his life but actually he frustrated a lot until he cant decided which one is the right or the wrong thing.
The thing that expected by the speaker in this lyric is the addressee knew about how a depressed person living his or her life so that the addressee could help and supporting anyone who got depressed in his.
CONCLUSION
From this study it can be concluded that the temporal deixis is used for pointing time whether it happened before the utterance, at the same time https://traverse.
https://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by/4.
Journal of Language and Applied Linguistics Vol 02 No 01, 2021: 55-64 https://dx.
org/10.
22334/traverse.
with the utterance or after the utterance.
There three terms of temporal deixis that founded in AuThatAos the SpiritAy album based on the theory of Cruse .
which are pure deictic word, specific time, and the verb tense, those term also divided into three which are action before the utterance or happened in the past, action that done at the same time with the utterance, and the last is the action that done after the utterance or will happen in the Then for the total of deixis term of temporal deixis that founded in this album are 86 data, for the percentage of verb tense term is 87.
20% from 75 data, for the pure deictic word term with 11.
63% of 10 data and the last is 17% of specific term with total 1 data only.
Therefore, the highest data that founded in the album is verb tense term and the lowest term that collected from the analysis is specific time.
The verb tense became the highest term of temporal deixis because the song writer mostly tells about the action or the thing that he felt when the depression came to his life and completely changed him like his perspective became darker, everything that he done seems like a negative thing, felt helpless and cant differentiate what good or bad which indicating he felt frustrated because of the depression in his life.
For the context of situation that analysed in this study for the field is mostly about depression or mental health that faced by the speaker and some of them are about his love story and hatred toward other person in his life, then for the participants or the tenor are focused on the song writer or the speaker who described his condition which is depression or something bad that happened in his life to the addressee or the listener of the song, overall, the mode in the album is about the hoped of the song writer to get better in his live or survive from the frustration that he faced in his life that caused by depression because the song writer or the one who felt the condition used narrative informal spoken language style in the lyrics that used interrogative and imperative sentence to tell the story of his life, asking help to the addressee, and requesting to them in order to get support from the others because what speaker or the song writer felt is hopeless when he faced the depression in his life which is a serious thing that can take his life anytime.
This study is hoped can be a reference for other researcher who wanted to do the similar topic in the future.
REFERENCES