Journal for Quality in Women's Health DOI : https://doi.
org/10.
30994/jqwh.
https://jqwh.
ISSN: 2615-6660 .
2615-6644 .
Vol.
6 No 1.
March 2023.
Page.
Tersedia online di https://jqwh.
org/index.
php/JQWH NUTRITION CONTENT IN WINGED BEANS THAT CAN INCREASE BREAST MILK PRODUCTION Mika Mediawati1.
Triatmi Andri Yanuarini2 1,2Midwifery Study Program.
Midwifery Department.
Health Polytechnic of Malang.
Malang.
Indonesia *Email: 1mika_mediawati@poltekkes-malang.
Received: October 4, 2022.
Accepted: March 13, 2023.
Published: March 20,2023 ABSTRACT Background : The high rate of growth that is not accompanied by an increase in the quality of the population requires and continues to be addressed, namely the family planning program, however, the rate of population growth in Indonesia is still high.
Method : The design used is a descriptive design, which is a design that aims to describe or describe a situation objectively.
The population of all implant family planning acceptors.
After being calculated, the sample size is 14 respondents Results : The age characteristics of the respondents are mostly > 30 years, namely 4 respondents .
%), for the work of almost all respondents, namely as housewives, namely 12 respondents .
%), in terms of education, almost all of them are elementary-high school, namely 12 respondents .
% ), while based on the number of children born, most of them were aged 2 .
%), then for the length of time using family planning, most of them ranged from 5 years, namely 9 respondents .
%), and for the age of the youngest children, half were aged 2 years and > 2 years as many as 7 respondents and the same between the two .
%) Conclution : The results of this study are in line with the theory that continuous hypermenorrhea can cause maternal anxiety and if it continues it can cause anemia .
Supported Low education is very influential in making decisions Keywords: Family Planning Implantable Family Planning.
Hypermenorrhea.
Anemia Journal for Quality in Women's Health .
Journal for Quality in Women's Health (JQWH ) INTRODUCTION Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016 still shows that the average rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the world is only around 38%.
In Indonesia, 29.
5% of infants who have received exclusive breastfeeding until the age of six months (Indonesian Health Profile.
This is not in accordance with the target of the Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Health for 2015-2019, namely the percentage of infants aged less than 6 months who are exclusively breastfed is 50%.
Data from the Health Office of the City of Kediri found that infants who received exclusive breastfeeding in 2017 were 333 infants .
3%) and in 2018 there were 340 infants .
6%).
This percentage shows that exclusive breastfeeding coverage has decreased and this figure still not reach the targets of the 2015-2019 Ministry of Health Strategic Plan (Muslimah et al.
, 2.
A mother often has problems in exclusive breastfeeding, one of the main obstacles is milk production that is not fluent.
Milk production that not fluent will be a factor causing the low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding for newborns (Wulandari and Handayani.
Based on the Indonesian Ministry of Health .
in (Sudargo et , 2.
working mothers are one of the causes of the failure of exclusive breastfeeding because of the limited time for mothers to express breast milk.
Work can affect the knowledge and opportunities of mothers to give exclusive breastfeeding.
Mothers who work will tend to have more knowledge, but the time to give breast milk is limited.
In addition, exclusive breastfeeding is sometimes not carried out properly because it is influenced by lactation management, resulting in a decrease in breast milk production.
8 | Journal for Quality in Women's Health One of the common efforts made by the Indonesian people to increase the rate of secretion and production of breast milk is through the use of traditional herbal medicine or called Laktagogue .
reast milk fertilize.
(Juliastuti, 2.
Medicinal plants that are allegedly able to facilitate breast milk, one of which is winged bean.
From generation to generation, parents in some areas often recommend breastfeeding mothers to consume Winged Beans, either made of fresh vegetables or cooked vegetables, this was conveyed by Prabaningrum.
M .
in his article.
Winged bean is very easy to find both in grocery stores and traditional markets, so nursing mothers can easily get and consume winged beans at any However, until now there is still minimal research related to winged bean in increasing breast milk To be able to find out whether winged bean can be classified as a Galactagogue, further research needs to be done.
Initial research that can be done is to find out both the nutritional content and the content of chemical compounds .
contained in winged bean that can increase breast milk production by collecting and analyzing the results of previous Based on some of the descriptions above, the researchers want to find out more about the nutritional content in winged bean, hormones that can increase breast milk production, and nutrients in winged bean that can increase milk production.
METHODS
Literature studies are carried out using the Traditional review, the researchers will select scientific papers to reviewed according to the research topic, and are selected based on the Journal for Quality in Women's Health (JQWH ) knowledge and experience possessed by the researcher.
Data were obtained from various literature sources by searching through the internet in the form of research results in the form of journals, articles, theses, theses, and The inclusion criteria in this study were all articles related to the nutritional content of winged bean, active ingredients or substances that can increase breast milk production.
The following is the prism of the Literature Study protocol in this study:
Search via internet Research results in the form of journals, articles, theses, theses, and dissertations both from within and outside the Inclusion criteria:
All related articles Nutrient content in winged beans, active compounds in winged beans that can increase breast milk production Articles in full text All articles screened by the team will be reviewed and presented in the form of tables that will answer the research The tables that have been created are then analyzed RESULTS Content of Nutrients/Chemical Compounds in Winged Beans .
Based on the research of Nurmala et.
obtained some information as follows:
Journal for Quality in Women's Health .
Journal for Quality in Women's Health (JQWH ) Table 1.
Contents of chemical compounds in winged bean Title Research Objectives Potency of Winged Winged Fruit Extract (Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus (L.
) Dc.
) As Antiosteoporos is With Parameters of Increased Alkaline Phosphatase In Female Wistar Rats Induced Dexamethason To determine the activity of winged bean ethanol extract is based on plasma ALP (Alkaline levels in e-induced rats.
Methods to Determine Compounds in Winged Wings Phytochemic al screening of winged carried out on simplicia extracts with the aim of ensuring the presence of the target compound in and ensuring that the compound is not damaged after being in the form of thick Research Results-Content of Chemical Compounds in Winged Wings Phytochemical screening results Simplisia winged fruit showed the presence of steroids and Thick al screening showed the presence of steroids and There are differences in the results of simplicia and extracts, where the results of screening on extracts do not Remarks Simplicia t that is used for and has e any stated it in the form of Simplicia is divided .
Based on BOSTID .
in an article written by Krisnawati.
the following information was obtained:
Chemical composition of winged winged plant parts .
n g/100 g fresh weigh.
10 | Journal for Quality in Women's Health Journal for Quality in Women's Health (JQWH ) Table 2.
Chemical composition of winged winged plant parts .
n g/100 g fresh No.
Types of Nutrition Flowers Leaves Young Pods Young Seeds Old Seeds Bulbs Water1 54 ,9-65.
Energy .
J)2 17 .
Protein Fat 5- 0.
Carbohydrates Fiber 63 .
In g/100 g wet weight.
mJ = megaJuoles.
184 mJ = 1000 kilocalories.
= average.
Mineral content of winged winged plant parts .
n g/100 g fresh Table 3.
Mineral content of winged winged plant parts .
n g/100 g fresh weigh.
No.
Minerals Leaf
Pods Seed
Bulbs 1,1101,800 Potassium
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Calcium
25- 40
Magnesium Sodium Iron Manganese 1 ,5 Zinc Copper .
Vitamin content in winged bean Journal for Quality in Women's Health .
Journal for Quality in Women's Health (JQWH ) Table 4.
Content vitamins in winged bean No.
Vitamins Vitamin A (IU) Thiamine .
g/100 .
Riboflavin .
g /100 .
Pyridoxine .
g/100 .
Niacin .
g/100 .
Folic Acid .
g/100 .
Ascorbic Acid .
g/100 Tocopherol .
g/100 .
Leaves 5,24020,8001 3,61 Young pods Seeds Slightly 1Values are based on dry weight, while the rest are graded on wet weight .
Based on the research of Adegboyega.
TT, et.
, the following is the composition of nutrient and antinutrients.
Table 5.
The composition of nutrient and antinutrients Types of Nutrients/Chemical Compounds Nutrient Processing:
Water (%) Ash (%) Fat (%) Protein (%) Fiber (%) Carbohydrates (%) Antinutrients (Chemical Compound.
Tannins (%) Phytates .
g/100g.
Seeds Through Without Processing 72A0.
79A0.
65A0.
83A0.
82A0.
21A0.
74A0.
78A0.
76A0.
88A0.
49A0.
34A0.
79A0.
05A 0.
76A0.
65A0.
Pods 74A0.
78 A0.
76A0.
88A0.
49A0.
34A0.
Hormones that affect breast milk production Based on research by Augustine.
RA, et.
, some information wa obtained as follows:
Table 6.
Hormones that affect breast milk production Research Research Prolactin activity in Objectives Research Methods Determines the effect The research was conducted using several Intracerebroventricular laboratory research (ICV) prolactin on methods, namely:
oxytocin neurons in In vivo virgin rats, pregnant rats and lactating rats 12 | Journal for Quality in Women's Health Results and Conclusions During increases the synthesis of milk and oxytocin.
Journal for Quality in Women's Health (JQWH ) given urethane Intracerebroventricular cannulation for and Western blotting Dual-label for oxytocin and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of .
STAT.
Western blotting for extracellular regulated kinase .
ERK) and phosphorylated Akt .
Ak.
which stimulates milk production.
In virgin rats, prolactin inhibits the activity of Researchers found that prolactin inhibits activityis lost during lactation and some oxytocin neurons are stimulated by prolactin in lactating rats Oxytocin neuronal activity on altered regulation is not associated with changes in the activation of pathways known to pair with The activity of oxytocin neurons in the of prolactin in lactation allows activation of both populations of oxytocin neurons for successful The content of nutrients/chemical compounds in Katuk Leaf that can increase the hormone production of Oxytocin and Prolactin .
Based on the research of Susanti.
NMPet.
, the following are chemical compounds from the phytochemical screening results of katuk leaf extract (Sauropus androgynus (L.
) Merr.
Journal for Quality in Women's Health .
Journal for Quality in Women's Health (JQWH ) Table 7.
Results of phytochemical screening of katuk leaf extract (Sauropus androgynus (L.
) Merr.
No.
Phytochemical Test Alkaloids Steroids Triterpenoids Saponins Tannins and Polyphenols Glycosides Flavonoids Conclusions .
Based on research by Yuliani and Marwati .
in Santoso.
the following is the nutritional content of katuk leaves Table 8.
Nutrient content of Katuk Leaf No.
Types of Nutrition Water Ash Fat Protein Carbohydrate .
g/100 .
Energy .
Katuk Leaf Flour
29, 64%
42 mg/100gr 96 cal Fresh Katuk Leaves 05 mg/100 g 10 cal .
Based on research by Miharti.
SI, et al ( 2.
, the following is the Effect of Katuk Leaf Ethanol Extract on Prolactin Hormone Levels in Breastfeeding White Rats Table 9.
Effect of Katuk Leaf Ethanol Extract on Prolactin Hormone Levels in Breastfeeding White Rats Rats Research Objectives Research To analyze the effect of the ethanol extract of the leaves of Sauropus androgynus (L) Merr on the prolactin in white rats.
Methods Results Analysis This type of experimental research with Post Test Only Control Group design.
The number of samples was 24 lactating rats which were divided into 4 groups, namely the control group and 3 treatment groups P1.
P2 and P3 which were given 24 mg, 48 mg and 72 mg of katuk leaf ethanol extract, respectively.
Penelitian dilakukan di Labor Farmasi dan Biomedik Universitas Andalas There is a difference in the levels of the hormone prolactin .
679A2.
061ng/L) .
<0.
with group P3 .
509A2.
515 ng/L) and group P1.
,816A1.
665 ng/L) with group P3 .
509A2.
515 ng/L) L) at a dose of 24 mg and 72 mg 14 | Journal for Quality in Women's Health Journal for Quality in Women's Health (JQWH ) .
Based on the research of Soka.
Wiludjaja.
, and Marcella .
, the following is the expression of Oxytocin and Prolactin Genes in BALB/C mice that were supplemented with Katuk Matur leaf extract:
Table 10.
Expression of Oxytocin and Prolactin Genes in BALB/C mice that were supplemented with Katuk Matur leaf extract No.
Research Purpose Analyzing the expression of Oxytocin and Prolactin Genes in BALB/C mice that with Katuk Matur leaf extract.
Methods 24 BALB/c mice during lactation were divided into 3
During the lactation period, mice
were treated with several doses for 12
Groups 1
and 2 were given extracts 6 mg/kg and 868 mg/kg body weight of Group 3
is the control
ot given katuk
matur leaf
DISCUSSION
Nutrient content in Winged Bean Based on Table 5.
1, it can be seen that the chemical compounds in the winged winged wing that have not undergone any process changes consist of flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols, steroids, terpenoids (Nurmala, et.
Tannins.
Phytates (Adegboyega,TT,et.
,2.
While the Analysis Result The expression of the oxytocin gene in lactating mice that were given supplementation with 6 mg/kg and 868 mg/kg BW of katuk matur leaf extract increased significantly 02 Fold and 46.
39Fold.
Each was compared with the control group .
< 0.
ANOVA).
The level of prolactin gene expression in the group of mice given katuk matur leaf extract increased significantly 65-fold compared to the control group, as well as group 2 given katuk matur leaf extract 868 mg/kg increased significantly when compared to the control group ( p < 05.
ANOVA).
Conclusion The increase in gene expression in both treatments could be attributed to the papaverin content in katuk matur leaves which relaxes smooth muscles and dilates blood vessels.
This also causes the circulation of the hormone oxytocin more smoothly through the content of chemical compounds in the viscous extract as a result of phytochemical screening of winged polyphenols, steroids and terpenoids.
Not only the content of chemical compounds in the winged bean, but based on Table 5.
2 the winged bean also contains other nutrients, including energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, and In addition, winged bean is also Journal for Quality in Women's Health .
Journal for Quality in Women's Health (JQWH ) rich in mineral and vitamin content, it is listed in Table 5.
3 and Table 5.
4 that winged bean contains minerals consisting of potassium, phosphorus, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron, manganese, zinc, and copper and contains vitamins that consists of vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, niacin, folic acid, ascorbic acid, tocopherol (BOSTID, 1.
Based on the exposure of the data above, we can know that in one food ingredient, winged bean, it contains several kinds of nutrients that can meet balanced nutritional needs.
In some circles of society usually use winged bean as a food ingredient that can launch breast milk, but this has not been supported by further research to uncover the truth.
Galactagogues that are widely known by the public include katuk leaves, papaya leaves, kukukan leaves, and there are still several other food ingredients (Sudaryanto, 2.
Katuk leaves have long been known that the nutritional content / active compounds in katuk leaves can increase breast milk production, there have been many studies that reveal the various benefits of katuk leaves, even since a few years ago katuk leaves have been produced in capsule form and have been circulated When nutritional content and chemical compounds present in katuk, which have been described in tables 5.
7 and 8, they have similarities to the nutritional content and chemical compounds found in winged bean.
Based on Table 5.
7, it can be seen that of the 7 chemical compounds found in Katuk leaves, namely Alkaloids.
Triterpenoids.
Saponins.
Tannins.
Polyphenols.
Glycosides.
Flavonoids, 5 of them are found in Winged Beans, namely Triterpenoids.
Saponins.
Tannins.
Polyphenols, 16 | Journal for Quality in Women's Health Glycosides.
Flavonoids.
Meanwhile, if seen from Table 5.
almost all of the nutritional content in Katuk leaves is also found in Winged Beans.
Hormones that Affect Breast Milk Production Based on Table 5.
6, it can be seen that there are 2 hormones that affect breast milk production, the two hormones synergize in producing breast milk, namely Prolactin and Oxytocin.
The study showed that in virgin mice, prolactin inhibited the activity of neurons that secrete Researchers found that inhibition by prolactin was lost during The results of another study showed that Tauriska .
explained that there was a relationship between baby sucking and breast milk It was found that 16 respondents who sucked babies were right, almost entirely .
%) had sufficient milk production.
The sucking movement of the child can influence the stimulus to the nipple.
The nipple contains many sensory nerve endings.
When stimulated, impulses arise to the hypothalamus and then to the anterior pituitary gland .
so that this gland produces the hormone prolactin.
Nipple stimulation is not only transmitted to the anterior pituitary gland but also to the posterior .
pituitary gland, which produces the hormone oxytocin.
Physiologically the body has prepared for breastfeeding after a mother gives birth.
However, breast milk production varies greatly for each mother, this is due to several factors including inappropriate breastfeeding techniques, unbalanced nutritional intake, lack of knowledge of mothers.
Journal for Quality in Women's Health (JQWH ) mothers who are less confident when giving breast milk to their babies and lack of understanding of proper lactation management (Apriza, 2.
Breast milk production can be increased by using a galactagogue which functions to stimulate the hormones prolactin and oxytocin to produce breast milk so that its secretion The mechanism of action of galactagogues in stimulating lactation and then helping to increase the rate of secretion is by directly stimulating protoplasmic activity in the secretory cells of the mammary glands and secretory nerve endings in the glands of the milk which can result in increased milk secretion, or stimulating the hormone prolactin which is a lactogenic hormone against mammary glands to be precise in the alveolar epithelial cells (Goodman and Gilman, 1.
The increase in the hormone oxytocin is influenced by the presence of polyphenols.
Polyphenols are one of the active compounds in plants that are allegedly able to increase breast milk The presence of these polyphenols will make breast milk flow more profusely.
Excessive milk production can be seen with the milk that drips and will radiate profusely when the baby sucks (Wahyuni, 2.
Active Compounds in Winged Bean that can Increase Breast Milk Production Based on Table 5.
9 it can be seen that giving ethanol extract of katuk leaves can increase prolactin hormone levels, this is in line with the research of Soka.
Wiludjaja.
, and Marcella .
which is described in Table 5.
namely an increase in oxytocin and prolactin gene expression after being given supplementation with katuk matur leaf extract.
Katuk leaves in addition to having nutritional content, contain 7 active compounds and affect the body's physiological functions and if they work together, they will be efficacious as a booster of breast milk production.
Katuk leaves can increase breast milk production because it is suspected that the hormonal effects of the chemical content of sterols contained in it are estrogenic (Marini, 2.
The compounds between the winged winged and Katuk leaves allows the winged bean to have the same effect as the Katuk leaf, which is to increase breast milk production or is known as a The active compounds Triterpenoids.
Saponins.
Tannins.
Polyphenols.
Glycosides, and Flavonoids, although further studies are still needed to prove this.
CONCLUSION
Winged bean has a complete nutritional content of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, and fiber, minerals .
otassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron, manganese, zinc, and coppe.
, and vitamins consisting of vitamin A, niacin, folic acid, ascorbic acid.
In addition, winged bean also contains active compounds, polyphenols, steroids, terpenoids.
Hormones that can increase milk production are prolactin and oxytocin The active compounds in winged bean which are allegedly able to increase breast milk production are flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols, steroids, terpenoids.
Because the active compound is owned by Katuk leaves which have been shown to increase breast milk production.
REFERENCE