Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia, 2025, 28 .
, 141Ae156 DOI: 10.
7454/jki.
Received September 2023.
Accepted May 2025
A JKI 2025
pISSN 1410-4490.
eISSN 2354-9203 The Strategies and Interventions for Interprofessional Collaboration to Improving Patient Safety in Hospitals: A Systematic Review Keumalasari1*.
Krisna Yetti1.
Enie Novieastari1.
Evi Martha2 Faculty of Nursing.
Universitas Indonesia.
Depok 16424.
Indonesia Faculty of Public Health.
Universitas Indonesia.
Depok 16424.
Indonesia *E-mail: keumalasari.
4yi@gmail.
Abstract Interprofessional collaboration strategies and interventions are carried out to improve patient safety in hospitals.
This study aimed to analyze the strategies and interventions used in interprofessional collaboration to improve patient safety.
Interprofessional collaboration strategies and interventions were searched using five English-language databases, eligible studies were extracted, and the risk of bias was independently evaluated by two authors.
The literature search yielded a total of 10,729 registered papers.
We conducted an analysis on 3,793 health professionals.
The following articles were included: .
articles that described an intervention interprofessional collaboration to improve patient safety.
those focused on interprofessional collaboration in hospitals.
the research sample included of health care professionals .
octors, nurses, nutritionists, and pharmacist.
Interventions that combine lectures, skills practice, and discussions are carried out using an online format and case study practice.
The strategies and interventions identified inductively were categorized into four items: .
team acceptance and readiness for interprofessional collaboration.
acting as a team and not as individuals.
developing protocols or guidelines for health professionals.
integrating elements of interprofessional collaboration by health professionals in providing health services.
The principles of interprofessional collaboration include the need to prioritize structures, processes, and tools that enable interprofessional collaboration to be established in hospitals.
Interprofessional collaboration strategies and interventions in hospitals are effective in being able to make changes to improve patient safety and the quality of service.
Keywords: hospitals, interprofessional collaboration, patient safety Abstrak Strategi dan Intervensi Kolaborasi Interprofesional untuk Meningkatkan Keselamatan Pasien di Rumah Sakit: Suatu Tinjauan Sistematis.
Strategi dan intervensi kolaborasi antarprofesional dilakukan untuk meningkatkan keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi dan intervensi yang digunakan dalam kolaborasi interprofesional untuk meningkatkan keselamatan pasien.
Strategi dan intervensi kolaborasi interprofesional dicari menggunakan lima basis data berbahasa Inggris, studi yang memenuhi syarat diekstraksi, dan risiko bias dievaluasi oleh dua penulis secara independen.
Pencarian literatur menghasilkan total 10.
729 makalah yang telah terdaftar.
Kami melakukan analisis pada 3.
793 profesional kesehatan.
Artikel disertakan jika: .
menggambarkan kolaborasi interprofesional intervensi untuk meningkatkan keselamatan pasien.
berfokus pada kolaborasi antarprofesional di rumah .
sampel penelitian termasuk profesional perawatan kesehatan .
okter, perawat, ahli gizi, apoteke.
Intervensi yang menggabungkan perkuliahan, praktik keterampilan, dan diskusi dilakukan dengan menggunakan format online dan praktik studi kasus.
Strategi dan intervensi yang diidentifikasi secara induktif dikategorikan menjadi empat item: .
penerimaan tim dan kesiapan untuk kolaborasi antarprofesional.
bertindak sebagai tim dan bukan sebagai individu.
mengembangkan protokol atau pedoman untuk profesional kesehatan.
mengintegrasikan elemen-elemen kolaborasi antarprofesional oleh profesional kesehatan dalam memberikan layanan kesehatan.
Prinsip-prinsip kolaborasi antarprofesional perlu memprioritaskan struktur, proses, dan alat yang memungkinkan kolaborasi interprofesional terjalin di rumah sakit.
Strategi kolaborasi dan intervensi interprofesional di rumah sakit efektif dalam dapat melakukan perubahan untuk meningkatkan keselamatan pasien untuk kualitas layanan yang lebih baik.
Kata Kunci: keselamatan pasien, kolaborasi interprofesional, rumah sakit Keumalasari, et al.
The Strategies and Interventions for Interprofessional Collaboration to Improving Patient Safety in Hospitals JKI.
Vol.
28 No.
July, 141Ae156 Interprofessional collaboration is a relationship in which each party respects the skills of the other party by recognizing and accepting the scope of the activities and responsibilities of each in achieving common goals.
Furthermore, in the collaborative process, several indicators must be met, such as .
interaction by providing information, asking and giving opinions, giving directions or orders, making decisions, educating, and providing support or approval.
a practice environment where each profession has a different field of practice with its own regulations, authority, and expertise, but certain tasks can be carried out together the same.
common interests, namely working together to provide satisfaction to all parties.
common goals, which are more patient-oriented and can help determine responsibilities according to each individual's expertise (Dinius et al.
, 2020.
Sillero & Buil, 2.
Introduction The incidence of patient safety reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) is estimated at 134 million due to unsafe care, and about 2.
million causing death.
These patient safety incidents occur worldwide, not only in the United States.
Europe and Asia, but also in Indonesia (WHO, 2.
Indonesia recorded the following patient safety incidents: near miss events .
67%), adverse events .
73%), and sentinel events .
05%), with an average increase of 25% in the number of patient safety incidents every year (Daud, 2.
Patient safety is an important element in health services because it involves human safety.
The priority of patient safety is to minimize risks and prevent patient safety incidents caused by errors resulting from carrying out an action or taking actions that should not be taken (WHO, 2.
Patient safety incidents that occur are events or conditions caused by health workers from various professions, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, nutritionists, and other health workers.
Patient safety incidents that occur include medical errors, diagnosis errors, medication errors, transfusion errors, patient falls, medication administration errors, and patient identification errors (WHO, 2.
As a direct services provider, the interprofessional collaboration of every health professional is really needed through their participation, involvement, and meetings.
Rather than just cooperation and communication, efforts are also needed to implement standard protocols, safe medication management, and positive relationships in the implementation of strategic forms and interprofessional collaboration interventions to improve patient safety in hospitals (Ansa et al.
, 2020.
Kartika, 2.
The study of articles in this review shows that the collaboration strategy used for success in health services, especially for patient safety, can be used with various strategies, both through seminars to increase understanding and through The collaboration process is an initiative strategy formed by the WHO, together with the governments of England and Northern Ireland in the Global Patient Safety Collaborative (GPSC), which recognizes that patient safety is an important component in providing health care towards universal health coverage (UHC) and sustainable development goals (SDG.
The main goals of the collaboration are to secure and improve global action on patient safety, reduce the risk of avoidable harm, and build a positive attitude toward improving health security systems at the country level.
The overall work collaboration is organized into three strategic areas: leadership to prioritize patient safety by involving patients and families.
education and training to build competent health workers and interprofessional training in the field of patient and research to support evidence-based policy processes in patient safety (Soko et al.
WHO, 2.
Interprofessional collaboration is a solution for improving patient safety and as a reference for higher service quality and lower costs (Hlongwa Keumalasari, et al.
The Strategies and Interventions for Interprofessional Collaboration to Improving Patient Safety in Hospitals JKI.
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According to the WHO .
, interprofessional collaboration occurs when two or more professions work together to achieve common goals.
Chetty et al.
defined it as a partnership between a team of health professionals and a client in a participatory, collaborative, and coordinated approach to shared decision-making around health and social issues.
Interprofessional collaboration is also able to have a better impact on care.
Fathya et al.
stated that the implementation of interprofessional collaboration in hospitals provided gives good results, with 67.
8% partnership domain, 2% cooperation, 66.
9% coordination, and 8% collaboration.
However, several hospitals have not implemented this interprofessional collaboration optimally.
We performed a systematic review to identify strategies and interventions for interprofessional collaboration and integration to improve patient safety.
More specifically, we listed and analysed the existing strategies, interventions, and outcomes without focusing on a specific profession or disease.
We searched strategy around the following key concepts: interprofessional collaboration, patient safety, strategies and interventions interprofessional collaboration.
We combined the keywords presented as AuORAy.
AuANDAy, and AuNOTAy.
We used keyword combinations of Auinterprofessional collaboration OR strategies and interventions interprofessional collaborationAy.
Auinterprofessional collaboration AND patient safetyAy.
Auinterprofessional collaboration AND hospitalsAy.
Auinterprofessional collaboration OR Teamwork, strategies and interventions interprofessional collaboration AND patient safety.
Austrategies and interventions interprofessional collaboration AND hospitals, patient safety AND hospitalsAy.
Auinterprofessional collaboration OR element of interprofessional collaborationAy, and Auinterprofessional collaboration AND health professionalsAy.
The limitations that we used were English articles that were provided in the full text.
Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria.
The articles that were included: .
described an intervention interprofessional collaboration to improve patient safety.
focused on interprofessional collaboration in hospitals.
consisted of health care professionals .
octors, nurses, nutritionists, and pharmacist.
were published between 2014 and 2021.
Articles were excluded when: .
the focus was on interprofessional .
the research sample comprised and .
the full text was not available.
Methods Design.
We conducted a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2022 and has been registered with PROSPERO .
egistration number: CDR42024550.
This includes the number of professions involved in the intervention and form of intervention carried out, including various types of research design methods.
The data were measured using PICO framework, which includes: .
Population: health professionals .
octors, nurses, nutritionists, pharmacists, and other health professional.
Interventions: combined lectures, skills practice, and discussions are carried out using an online format and case study practice.
Comparison:
the principle of interprofessional collaboration need to prioritize structures, processes, and tools that enable interprofessional collaboration to be established in hospitals.
Interprofessional collaboration strategies and interventions in hospitals are effective in making changes to im- Data Sources.
A search of five databases was conducted for the completion of this systematic review: Google Scholar.
PMC.
PubMed.
Scopus, and Science Direct.
The publication period was limited to 2014Ae2021.
Therefore, the interventions could provide updated knowledge that could be adopted by everyone, and their application could be carried out in hospitals.
In addition, we limited the search to 2014 because the research we conducted was sufficient to meet the objectives of our review.
Keumalasari, et al.
The Strategies and Interventions for Interprofessional Collaboration to Improving Patient Safety in Hospitals JKI.
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Outcomes: the strategies and interventions identified inductively were categorized into four items .
eam acceptance and readiness for interprofessional collaboration, acting as a team and not as individuals, developing protocols or guidelines for health professionals, and integrating elements of interprofessional collaboration by health professionals in providing health service.
When a quantitative synthesis was considered not meaningful, the results from individual studies were summarised qualitatively.
Quality Appraisal.
We found that several strategies have had a significant influence on the implementation of this interprofessional collaboration in the hospital environment.
Several strategies that we have reviewed are the basis for implementing interprofessional collaboration to improve patient safety.
The JBI scale was used to evaluate the quality of this article.
In addition, two reviewers provided an objective assessment of our review.
Data Extraction.
The data extracted for this systematic review included the study location, participant characteristics, intervention description, duration, and research results instruments, as presented in Table 1.
We synthesised the results of each study relevant to each of our This indicates that systematic reviews with financial conflicts of interest more frequently had statistically favorable results or conclusions and lower methodological quality.
Results The literature search yielded a total of 10,729 papers, of which 1,860 duplicates were removed.
On screening the titles and abstracts of the remaining 5,359 records, only 2,235 were eligi- Identification Record Identification from A Google Scholar .
= 4,.
A Science Direct .
= 1,.
A PMC .
= 1,.
A PubMed .
= 2,.
A Scopus .
= 1,.
Record removed before screening:
Duplicate record remove .
= 1,.
Included Screening Total record .
= 10,.
Record screened .
= 5,.
Record excluded based on title .
= 2,.
Record excluded:
Record assessed for eligibility .
= .
A Excluded based on abstract .
= .
A Excluded based on the design .
= .
Studies included in review .
= .
Figure 1.
PRISMA 2022 Schematic Selection Process Flowchart for A Systematic Review Keumalasari, et al.
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Description of the Study Author.
Title.
Database.
Country Ansa et al.
Attitudes and Behavior Towards Interprofessional Collaboration Among Healthcare Professionals in a Large Academic Medical Center (Scopu.
USA Aim Method Sample Results The results showed that health professionals recognized interprofessional collaboration with mutual respect in the health team, decision-making, and communication as Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) most important core competencies.
Institutional policies that facilitate interprofessional collaboration provide a conducive working environment based on IPECAos core The results show that the implementation of the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model has an impact on team performance, namely .
reframing the way of observing and monitoring interprofessional team work, and interpreting aspects of team work performance.
digging deeper into what contextual factors affect the performance of the health team.
measuring the effect of interprofessional teamwork on patient safety, and .
providing evidence-based recommendations on the content, duration, and frequency of teamwork training programs.
There was a significant improvement in interprofessional teamwork and patient safety.
Then, the impacts obtained are professional groups, work experience, and perceptions of interprofessional teamwork gives better results.
To examine the attitudes of health professionals in the care of patients and health care teams as well as their behavior and experience in Crosectional Doctors, nurses, nurse therapists, social pharmacists, and Ballangrud et al.
AyTeamwork in hospitalsAy: A quasiExperimental Study Protocol Applying a Human Factors Approach (PubMe.
Norway To determine the impact of teamwork interventions in a surgical ward.
Quasiexperimental Doctors, nurses.
Dinius et al.
Inter-Professional Teamwork and Its Association with Patient Safety in German HospitalsA Cross Sectional Study (PMC) German To explore teamwork, safety behavior, and patient safety in German hospitals, examining the relationship teamwork and safety behavior as well as the relationship between teamwork and patient To identify the factors of relational coordination by Crosectional 326 teams .
octors and Crosectional involved in Hartgerink et al.
The results showed that participation in multidisciplinary team meetings Keumalasari, et al.
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Title.
Database.
Country The Importance of Multidisciplinary Teamwork and Team Climate for Relational Coordination Among Teams Delivering Care to Older Patients (PMC) The Netherlands Aim Method professionals in providing care to elderly patients.
Sample Results providing care to elderly These doctors, nurses, nutritionists, and social workers.
113 health care providers from and team climate are contributors to the development of relational coordination.
The results showed that the seven categories of interprofessional collaboration could be used as a guide to develop specific strategies to enhance interprofessional collaboration among CLP teams, namely nursing expertise .
shared power .
collaborative leadership .
joint decisionmaking .
the professional role and scope .
effective group function .
Institutional support and leadership combined with ongoing patient-centered professional development in a multidisciplinary encounter.
The results of the study indicated that this theory can be useful for health workers to develop a deeper understanding of the interprofessional collaboration process.
The central category of this theory is the process for developing an effective interprofessional collaboration team spanning three stages: exploration, integration, and adjustment.
Hepp et al.
Using an Competency Framework to Examine Collaborative Practice (Google Schola.
Canada Hlongwa & Rispel Interprofessional Collaboration Among Health Professionals in Cleft Lip and Palate (CLP) Treatment and Care in the Public Health Sector of South Africa (Scopu.
South Africa To analyze collaborative practice in acute care units within the domain of the Canadian Interprofessional Health Collaborative (CIHC) framework.
Qualitative To design collaboration and then provide understanding, practice, and apply these skills through Crosectional Health care involved in the delivery of care.
Hu & Broome .
Interprofessional Collaborative Team Development in China: A Grounded Theory (Science Direc.
China To explore interprofessional team development as a necessary strategy to help nurse managers to better design teamwork opportunities and provide the necessary support to achieve the effect of collaborative practice.
Grounded Doctors and Multidisciplinary teams improve performance, and work processes are more effective through interdependence in interactions among health The results showed that the application of the CIHC competency was able to identify gaps in collaborative practice.
become a strategy and support for competence in improving collaborative practices that can improve the quality of patient Keumalasari, et al.
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Title.
Database.
Country Kurniasih et al.
Interprofessional Collaboration Meningkatkan Pelaksanaan Sasaran Keselamatan Pasien (Google Schola.
Indonesia Lin et al.
Developing and Evaluating a OneStop PatientCentered Interprofessional Collaboration Platform in Taiwan (PMC) Taiwan Ma et al.
Inter- and IntraDisciplinary Collaboration and Patient Safety Outcomes in U.
Acute Care Hospital Units: A Cross-Sectional Study (Science Direc.
USA Manojlovich et al.
Achieving a Climate for Patient Safety by Focusing on Relationships (PubMe.
Canada Mulidan et al.
The Influence of Reinforcing NurseDoctor Collaboration Inter-Professional Aim Method Sample Results To identify collaboration in improving the implementation of patient safety goals in Quasiexperiment in the and control 20 nurses and 10 To develop an collaboration platform for effective team collaboration with a hospital information system (HIS).
The platform integrates electronic medical records by understanding patient status and transmitting To identify the extent of interdisciplinary collaboration between nurses and doctors in patient care units with respect to patient Software life cycle (SDLC).
Doctors, nurses, lab technicians, and and physical The results showed that there was a significant effect between interprofessional collaboration and increased patient safety Interprofessional collaboration had a positive influence on the implementation of patient safety goals.
The better the interprofessional collaboration, the better the implementation of patient safety The interprofessional collaboration platform was recognized as an effective and convenient tool to help clinical decision-making, improve communication among team members, and develop more functions that will be useful to develop on the platform in the Crosectional 900 nurses and doctors from five adult care units in 160 US The results showed that nursedoctor and nurse-nurse collaboration had a significant effect on patient safety.
To find out the relationship between health professionals who contribute to the patient safety climate after the implementation of interventions to improve collaboration between professionals.
Quasiexperimental survey study 1,896 doctors, nurses, and other health To identify the effect of strengthening interprofessional nursephysician collaboration on patient safety goals.
Quasiexperimental group, two pre-post-test 44 doctors and 44 nurses.
The results of the study showed that collaboration and respect have a positive influence on the patient safety climate.
Through the Interprofessional Model of Patient Care (IPMPC), all health care professionals learned how to collaborate and build a patient safety climate.
Efforts to foster good working relationships improved the patient safety climate.
The results showed that there was a significant effect of strengthening interprofessional collaboration on the implementation of patient safety goals in hospital inpatients.
This was proven by an increase in Keumalasari, et al.
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Title.
Database.
Country Collaboration on Patient Safety Goals at RSUP H.
Adam Malik.
Medan (Google Schola.
Indonesia Aim Method Sample Results each interprofessional domain of collaboration, namely roles and responsibilities, communication, and teamwork.
ble, given the inclusion criteria outlined above.
After further reading, the following studies were also excluded: 752 studies lacking intervention, 419 articles that did not focus on interprofessional collaboration, and 275 articles that did not focus on patient safety.
Finally, 12 articles that included findings on interventions and strategies for interprofessional collaboration and patient safety (Figure .
, such as discussions, training, skills, and case studies, were included.
pists, occupational therapists, physical therapists, dietitians, pharmacists, and pathologists in inpatient roomsAishowed significant results that can improve patient safety (Ansa et al.
Kurniasih et al.
, 2019.
Ma et al.
, 2018.
Mulidan et al.
, 2.
Several studies also suggest that the implementation of interprofessional collaboration requires the support of all parties involved.
This support can be fostered through discussions, training, case studies, and the use of specialed platforms designed to improve service quality, which has an effect on patient safety (Ansa et al.
, 2020.
Ballangrud et al.
, 2017.
Hepp et al.
, 2015.
Lin et al.
, 2020.
Mulidan et al.
, 2.
Furthermore, interprofessional collaboration can improve the attitudes of health professionals towards patient safety by applying collaboration elements such as communication, coordination, role clarification, organizational culture, and conflict resolution (Dinius et al.
, 2020.
Hartgerink et al.
, 2014.
Hlongwa & Rispel, 2021.
Hu & Broome, 2.
The 12 articles included several interventions and strategies for interprofessional collaboration and patient safety, as listed in Table 1, which included cross-sectional research .
, quasi-experimental .
, qualitative study .
, and software development life cycle (SDLC) .
The countries include Germany, the USA.
Indonesia.
Norway.
Taiwan.
Canada, the Netherlands.
South Africa, and China, which span the continents of Asia.
America.
Europe, and Africa.
This literature review used a mixed method This method is used to combine quantitative and qualitative data and findings to gain a more comprehensive understanding and to obtain more accurate data results between research using quantitative and qualitative methods.
Appraisal Assessment Tool.
The appraisal assessment tool is presented in Table 2 using the JBI scale.
Eleven categories of items were assessed from twelve articles (Ansa et al.
, 2020.
Ballangrud et al.
, 2017.
Dinius et al.
, 2020.
Hartgerink et al.
, 2014.
Hepp et al.
, 2015.
Hlongwa & Rispel, 2021.
Hu & Broome, 2019.
Lin et al.
, 2020.
Ma et al.
, 2018.
Manojlovich et , 2014.
Mulidan et al.
, 2019.
Kurniasih et al.
From the assessment results, the inclusion categories for the articles are presented in Table 2.
Study Characteristics.
The characteristics of each study show that several applications of interprofessional collaboration need to be carried out and have an effect on health professionals in improving patient safety.
For example, studies that were conducted on 3,793 health professionals Aiincluding doctors and residents, nurses, nurse practitioners, respiratory thera- Quality Assessment of Included Studies.
compared these statistical tests in two different Keumalasari, et al.
The Strategies and Interventions for Interprofessional Collaboration to Improving Patient Safety in Hospitals JKI.
Vol.
28 No.
July, 141Ae156 First, we used a p-value as a cut-off point for defining the presence of publication bias using BeggAos method.
EggerAos method, or MacaskillAos method.
Second, we estimated the sensitivities of these tests corresponding to a fixed false positive rate .
05 or 0.
to compare their statistical powers.
We evaluated five domains:
sample selection, deviations from the intended intervention, missing outcome data, outcome measurement, selection of the reported results, and overall bias.
The risk of bias assessment is presented in Table 3.
domains (Ansa et al.
, 2020.
Hartgerink et al.
Hlongwa & Rispel, 2021.
Kurniasih et , 2019.
Manojlovich et al.
, 2.
In conclusion, in line with overall bias, eleven studies had a low risk (Ansa et al.
, 2020.
Ballangrud et , 2017.
Dinius et al.
, 2020.
Hartgerink et al.
Hepp et al.
, 2015.
Hlongwa & Rispel.
Hu & Broome, 2019.
Kurniasih et al.
Ma et al.
, 2018.
Manojlovich et al.
, 2014.
Mulidan et al.
, 2.
and one study had some concerns about a high risk of bias (Lin et al.
Among the 12 studies, eight studies had concerns due to the sample selection (Ansa et al.
Ballangrud et al.
, 2017.
Dinius et al.
Hartgerink et al.
, 2014.
Hlongwa & Rispel.
Ma et al.
, 2018.
Manojlovich et al.
, 2014.
Mulidan et al.
, 2.
Two studies were concerned about deviation from the intended intervention domain (Lin et al.
, 2020.
Ma et al.
In contrast, all studies had a low risk of missing outcome data.
Five studies reported a low risk of bias in outcome measures (Dinius et , 2020.
Ballangrud et al.
, 2017.
Hlongwa & Rispel, 2021.
Hu & Broome, 2019.
Mulidan et , 2.
and selective reporting of outcome Interprofessional collaboration strategies and interventions provide changes in the attitudes of health professionals by facilitating teamwork.
The process of interprofessional collaboration strategies and interventions is the nature of the interaction between one profession and another to determine service quality.
The process is able to solve problems, identify sources, and make agreements to collaborate with other parties, in addition to determining basic rules, preparing agendas, organizing sub-subsgroups, synthesizing information, analyzing options, and raising desired agreements, and implementing agreedupon collaboration goals (Soko et al.
, 2.
Table 2.
Description of Included Studies Is the review question clearly and explicitly stated? Were the inclusion criteria appropriate for the review question? Was the search strategy appropriate? Were the sources and resources used to search for studies Were the criteria for appraising studies appropriate? Was the critical appraisal conducted by independently by two or more reviewers? Were there methods to minimize errors in data extraction? Were the methods used to combine studies appropriate? Was the likelihood of publication bias assessed? Were recommendations for policy or practice supported by the reported data? Were the specific directives for new research appropriate? Overall appraisal: Include Exclude Seek further info Yes Applicable Unclear Keumalasari, et al.
The Strategies and Interventions for Interprofessional Collaboration to Improving Patient Safety in Hospitals JKI.
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Risk of Bias Assessment Authors (Year.
Sample Selection Ansa et al.
Ballangrud et al.
Dinius et al.
Hartgerink et al.
Hepp et al.
Hlongwa and Rispel .
Hu and Broome .
Kurniasih et al.
Lin et al.
Ma et al.
Manojlovich et al.
Mulidan et al.
Deviation Intended Interventions Missing Outcome Data Measurement of the Outcome Selection of the Reported Result Overall Bias Note: low risk (L).
high risk (H).
some concern (SC) Workshops and information sessions, where the advantages of teamwork and finding common ground were explained, were organized to effect changes in the attitudes of health workers.
The advantages of interprofessional cooperation are described as being likelier to accept and adopt patient safety principles.
Simple and accessible transfer of knowledge appears to be an important characteristic of successful interventions on the attitudes and knowledge of health professionals (Dinius et al.
, 2.
communication and coordination between health professionals working in hospitals.
These protocols provide more effective communication and an evidence-based approach to patient safety (Zajac et al.
, 2.
Furthermore, interprofessional collaboration strategies and interventions is apply the elements of interprofessional collaboration, including teamwork, communication, coordination, role clarification, leadership, organizational culture, and conflict resolution.
The elements in this interprofessional collaboration effectively improve the quality of service, reduce the rate of complications and errors, and reduce the mortality rate.
Interprofessional collaboration strategies and interventions can increase awareness of collaboration in hospitals.
Increased awareness resulted in better acceptance and team readiness for patient safety.
Making health professionals aware of their shortcomings and the need for interprofessional collaboration across multiple disciplines appeared to be an effective way to improve patient safety.
In addition to awareness, the potential for improvement in service quality, caused by better collaboration, motivated health workers to change their attitudes toward providing health services (Goldman et al.
, 2.
These findings are in accordance with Brock et .
report that teams that worked collaboratively with the application of interprofessional collaboration elements provided direction in treating patients, yielding optimal results, and delivering patient satisfaction.
This also concurs with Ansa et al.
, who stated that the use of interprofessional collaboration elements can increase satisfaction.
In their research, the use of interprofessional collaboration elements was also carried out as a framework for interprofessional competence to be able to determine professional roles, determine service Interprofessional collaboration strategies and interventions are structured guidelines, standardized tools, and protocols used to improve Keumalasari, et al.
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These seven elements influenced how the competency framework could be applied in different situations.
These elements are also the basis for transforming an ordinary work environment into a collaborative environment to achieve treatment goals and improve patient safety.
Second, collaborative behavior is required as a form of ease of work between teams.
Developing collaborative behavior has a significant impact on patient safety.
Collaborative behavior within interprofessional collaboration is able to create staff attention and motivation, reduce carelessness, which risks errors resulting in injury to patients, and increase compliance and responsibility in caring for patients (Alshammari & Dayrit, 2.
To enhance collaborative behavior, the development of shared principles .
uch as vision, values, ethical norms, and shared goal.
is an important prerequisite.
Our review found that maintaining safe behavior across teams by making care professionals feel comfortable providing services will improve patient safety (Iedema et al.
, 2.
Discussion