Public Health of Indonesia Ramdan.
Sartika.
Public Health of Indonesia.
2019 March.
:1-7
http://stikbar.
org/ycabpublisher/index.
php/PHI/index ISSN: 2477-1570
Original Research
LOW BACK PAIN AMONG SAMARINDA SARONGAoS TRADITIONAL
WEAVERS AND ITS RELATED FACTORS
Iwan Muhamad Ramdan*.
Dewi Sartika Department of Occupational Health and Safety.
Faculty of Public Health.
Mulawarman University.
Samarinda.
Indonesia Received: 17 February 2019 | Revised: 24 February 2019 | Accepted: 6 March 2019 *Correspondence:
Iwan Muhamad Ramdan Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat.
Universitas Mulawarman Telp: 0541.
7031343 Fax.
Email: iwanmuhamadramdan@gmail.
Copyright: A the author.
YCAB publisher and Public Health of Indonesia.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
ABSTRACT
Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a type of musculoskeletal disorder that has a detrimental effect on both workers and business continuity.
Weaving activities with handloom are at risk for this disorder.
Objective: To analyze the prevalence of LBP among Samarinda sarongAos traditional weavers and its related factors.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 49 traditional weavers of Samarinda Sarong.
The instruments included the Owestry low back pain disability questionnaire, rapid entire body assessment (REBA), microtoise staturmeter and Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regressions.
Results: The result showed that most of the weavers .
5%) experienced LBP.
Age .
= .
, work experience .
and work posture .
were significantly associated with LBP, while nutritional status .
and workload .
= .
were not associated with LBP.
Age and work posture were the most dominant variables affecting LBP.
Conclusion: The prevalence of LBP among Samarinda sarongAos traditional weavers was quite high and was strongly influenced by the weavers' age and posture work.
In order to improve work posture and reduce the incidence of LBP, it is recommended to modify handlooms .
ables and chair.
by following ergonomic rules, reducing workload, work time limitation and adequate rest.
Keywords: low back pain, traditional weavers, related factors BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are health problems that often occur in the workforce population and have caused considerable losses that ultimately have a detrimental effect on work productivity and business continuity.
MSD occur in various industries, both formal High-risk sector/occupation includes health sectors, transportation sectors, mining, food control, leather tanning and manufacturing (Punnett et , 2.
MSD have increasingly become prevalent worldwide during the past decade (Gasibat et al.
, 2.
, not only affect the workersAo quality of life, but also impose a major economic burden to the society (Wang et al.
, 2.
MSD also has a highly health cost, constituting a major cause of occupational injury and physical disability in both developed and developing countries (Veisi et al.
, 2.
One type of MSD that is often complained by workers is low back pain (LBP).
This type of musculoskeletal disorder is very important in terms of clinical, social, economic and public health because it occurs in the majority of the Public Health of Indonesia.
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January Ae March 2019 working population, the prevalence is estimated to be close to 70% in industrialized countries (Andersson, 1981.
Manchikanti.
In developing countries, the incidence of LBP has led to increased rates of absenteeism, reduced work productivity, and increased health costs (Punnett et al.
, 2.
(Baradaran et al.
, 2016.
Davidson & Keating.
Fairbank & Pynsent, 2000.
Fritz & Irrgang, 2001.
Vincent et al.
, 2.
Nutritional status was measured by the body mass index (BMI) indicator.
Work posture was measured by the rapid entire body assessment (REBA).
The workload was measured by observing the pulse rate, age and years of Based on some literature survey, the factors related to LBP consist of job factors and non job factors .
ersonal factor.
working in poor posture, awkward/static postures, vibration, monotonous repetitive movement, prolonged hours of sitting, age, smoking habits, obesity, working time, working experience (Johansson & Rubenowitz, 1994.
Paudyal et al.
, 2013.
World Health Organization, 1.
Data analysis Data were analyzed using Pearson productmoment correlation and multiple linear Ethical consideration The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethical Commission of Health and Medical Research.
Faculty of Medicine.
Mulawarman University Indonesia with approval number:
33/KEPK-FK/IV/2018, which refers to the International Ethical Guidelines Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects and the International ethical guidelines for epidemiological studies from Council for International Organizational Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS Informed written consent was obtained from the participants prior to data collection.
The informed consent stated the purpose of the study, data confidentiality, and the voluntary right of participation in the study, as well as provided the guarantee that no participant suffered any harm as a result of his/her participation in the study.
One group of workers who are at risk of suffering LBP is the Samarinda sarongAos traditional weavers.
Samarinda sarong is still done manually using handloom or known as "Gedokan", produced since 1607 and is still maintained because it has a high artistic value and originality, and is an icon of Samarinda city tourism.
To produce one sheet of 200 x 80 cm2 sarong, the weaver takes about 15 days (Muhamad Ramdan et al.
, 2.
This study aimed to identify the incidence of LBP on Samarinda sarongAos traditional weavers and analyze its related factors.
METHODS
Study design A quantitative survey with cross sectional design was conducted to analyze the prevalence of low back pain and its related factors among Samarinda sarongAos traditional This study was conducted from August to September 2018 in Sarong Samarinda located in the City of Samarinda.
East Kalimantan.
Indonesia.
All 49 women weavers were selected using a total sampling as respondents in this study.
RESULTS
Characteristic of the participants, and its association with LBP prevalence Most of the weavers .
5%) experienced LBP .
% light, 77.
5% moderate and 7.
5% sever.
Most weavers were aged more than 35 years .
6%), married .
,5%), and having elementary school as their educational background .
7%).
It was 79% of weavers having more than 5 years of work experience, 73% of weaversAo workload were in low category, 67.
3% having normal nutritional status, and 67.
3% having medium work Instrument LBP's symptoms were measured using the Owestry questionnaire low back pain disability Public Health of Indonesia.
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PearsonAos product-moment correlation analysis showed that age .
=0.
, working experience .
=0.
, workload .
=0.
and work posture .
=0.
had significant correlation with the incidence of LBP .
ee Table .
Table 1 Characteristics of Samarinda sarong women weavers .
and the association between variables and LBP
Variable Number
(%)
Age .
< 35
> 35
Marital status Not married Married Education background Never went to school .
lementary school, did not Elementary school .
raduated 6 grad.
Secondary high school .
raduated 9th grad.
Senior high school .
raduated 12th grad.
Working experience .
Workload <90 (Low workload categor.
91 Ae 100 (Medium workload categor.
> 100 (High workload categor.
Nutritional status based on BMI < 18.
5 Ae 25 .
> 25 .
xcess nutritio.
Work posture Medium High Low back pain (LBP) No LBP Low Moderate Severe *) PearsonAos product-moment correlation coefficient, the data were normally distributed (Shapiro-Wilk test, p=.
Significant at the 0.
05 level .
To run the multiple regressions, all the assumptions were tested.
Based on Table 2, coefficients obtained VIF values for variables of age .
, work posture .
, years of service .
, nutritional status .
and workload .
respectively, whereas the tolerance values were .
467, .
636, .
570, .
Because the VIF values of the five variables were not greater than 10, it can be concluded that there was no multicollinearity.
in the regression model with a sample size of 49 and a significance level of 5% ( = .
dL = 1.
16 dU = 1.
The value of DW counted 1.
542 was between 1.
587, thus it could be concluded that there was no autocorrelation.
Based on the scatterplot image, the distribution of dots did not form a particular pattern / plot, heteroscedasticity did not occur.
Based on the normal p-p plot, the distribution of points approached a straight line .
, it could be concluded that the data were normally distributed .
ee Figure .
The Durbin Watson value (DW coun.
was 542, while the DW value was compared with the DL and Du values based on the number of independent variables .
ive independent Public Health of Indonesia.
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(<.
, which can be concluded that the estimation model was feasible.
The results of the t test obtained only two variables that had a significance value below the value of = .
namely age ( = .
and work posture ( = So with a 95% confidence level, only variable age and work posture had a significant effect on the incidence of LBP.
The R Square value of 0.
653 illustrated that the proportion of age and work posture affected the incidence of LBP by 65.
3%, while the 7% was influenced by others.
Table 2 The result of the regression analysis of LBP by Owestry score Constant Age Work posture Work experience Nutritional status Workload Durbin Watson=1.
R2=0.
653 Anova F=16.
198 p= .
The results of the analysis showed a positive sign, which indicated a unidirectional If the independent variable Tolerance VIF increases, the dependent variable will experience the same thing.
The regression equation of the results was:
LBP = -6.
184 age 2.
823 work posture e = -6.
e = -6.
= 24.
The narrative of the equation was: each increase in age 1 year and an increase in 1 work posture score will increase the risk of LBP events 24.
26 times.
5%) and was dominated by moderate-level of LBP .
3%).
The results indicated that the LBP experienced by the weavers of Samarinda sarong were very serious and required immediate intervention.
Weavers who have experience LBP may have low productivity.
This was in line with previous study showed that LBP is associated with considerable absence from work and loss in productivity, resulting financial burdens to employers, employees and health care systems (Punnett et
DISCUSSIONS