AL-WIJDyAN: Journal of Islamic Education Studies.
Volume 8.
Nomor 1.
Januari 2023.
p-ISSN: 2541-2051.
online -ISSN: 2541-3961 Available online at http://ejournal.
id/index.
php/alwijdan Received: Oktober 2022 Accepted: November 2022 Published: Januari 2023 Hayy Ibnu Yaqdzhan: The Concept of Knowledge Development from Ibn Tufail's Perspective and His Contribution to Islamic Education Yazida Ichsan.
Unik Hanifah Salsabila.
DifaAoul Husna.
Supitri Okfia Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta.
Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta.
Sekolah Dasar Muhammadiyah Worawari Yogyakarta Email: unikhanifahsalsabila@gmail.
Abstrak Artikel dengan judul Hayy Ibnu Yaqdzhan: Konsep Perkembangan Pengetahuan Perspektif Ibnu Tufail dan Kontribusinya Terhadap Pendidikan Islam pada dasarnya memiliki dua tujuan Pertama, mendeskripsikan perkembangan pengetahuan dalam perspektif Ibnu Thufail.
Kedua, mengetahuai kontribusi roman Hayy dalam epistemologi dan pendidikan Islam.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pustaka dengan munggunakan analisis konten berkaitan dengan roman Hayy Ibnu Yadzhan melalui metode dokumentasi.
Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa roman Hayy Ibnu Yadzhan memberikan kontribusi bagi perkembangan epistemologi pengetahuan dalam Islam yaitu bahwa pengetahuan dapat diperoleh dengan pendekatan indera, akal dan intuisi.
Selain itu, dalam pendidikan Islam terdapat tiga aspek subtantif kontribusi roman Hayy terhadap pendidikan Islam.
Pertama, dalam hal perkembangan kognitif.
Roman Hayy menggambarkan proses perkembangan dari masa sensorik, imitative, eksploratif, filosofis, kontemplatif dan mistis.
Kedua, konsep pengetahuan yaitu bahwa pengetahuan dapat diperoleh melalui penginderaan, akal dan intuisi.
Ketiga, dalam hal religiusitas yaitu semua unsur baik berupa keyakinan, ritual, ilmu pengetahuan agama, dan pengalaman beragama akan senatiasa bermuara pada hakikat dan hikmah Kata Kunci: Hayy Ibnu Yadzhan.
Ibnu Thufail.
Pendidikan Islam.
Abstract The purpose of the article Hayy Ibnu Yaqdzhan: The Concept of Development of Knowledge from Ibn Tufail's Perspective and His Contribution to Islamic Education is twofold.
First, a description of the growth of knowledge from Ibnu Thufail's viewpoint.
Second, understanding the relevance of Hayy's love story to epistemology and Islamic education.
Through documentation, this study examines the novel by Hayy Ibnu Yadzhan through a content analysis of the text.
The findings of this study indicate that Hayy Ibnu Yadzhan's novel contributes to the creation of an epistemology of knowing in Islam in which knowledge can be attained through the use of the senses, reason, and intuition.
In addition.
Hayy's new contribution to Islamic education includes three essential components.
First, about cognitive growth.
Roman Hayy describes the development process as sensory, imitative, exploratory, philosophical, contemplative, and mystical.
Second is the concept of knowledge, which can be acquired through sense, reason, and intuition.
Third, in terms of religiosity, all the positive elements in the form of beliefs, rituals, religious knowledge, and religious experience always lead to the essence and Keywords: Hayy Ibn Yaqdzhan.
Ibn Thufail.
Islamic Education.
Introduction Third, under the leadership of caliph During the Middle Ages, there were at least five distinct learning centres.
There is Islam from both the West and the East (Baghdad and Andalusi.
, as well as from India.
China.
Japan, the West, and the Latin world, as well as Christianity.
In Islam, apart from Baghdad.
Andalusia is a territory for contributing to the development of Western thought and civilization.
The transmission scientific endeavours led to the birth of Aufklarung and enlightenment for the West.
Genealogically, the birth of Andalusia cannot be separated from that which has several periodizations.
From Badri Yatim's Abdurrahman An-Nashir appearance of Muluk Thawaif.
Fourth, from Muluk Thawaif Murabithun dynasty.
Fifth, the reign of the Murabithun up to the Muwahidun dynasty.
Sixth, under the rule of Bani Ahmar until the fall of the Ummayyah in Andalusia1.
After the collapse of Roman and Visighotic rule, under Islamic rule, the current Islamic civilization in Andalusia became a mecca for the West.
Culture itself is a manifestation and reflection of the deep spirit of society in the form of religion, art, morals and While civilization emphasizes more on technological, economic, political, perspective.
Islamic rule in Andalusia was intellectual and social progress2.
Andalusia is divided into six periods.
First, it was led by considered a transmitter for the revival of trustees under the rule of the Ummayah dynasty I.
Second, it was led by an emir of academics flock to travel .
ihlah 'ilmiyya.
to Ummayah I descent, starting from the leadership of Abdurrahman Ad-Dakhil to Johannes Hispalensis.
Dominic Gunsdisalvi.
Abdullah Bin Muhammad.
Gerard.
Aberlad.
Campanus.
Albert and Daniel.
Westerners are not reluctant to study at various universities in Andalusia, such as Volume Vi.
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AL-WIJDyAN Granada.
Seville.
Cordova.
Salamanca and and the east, represented by Ummayyah II.
Malaga3.
Fourth, individuals have to develop knowledge5.
Andalusia gave birth to scientific traditions and good thinking in the dogmatic, rationalist, mystical and illuminist fields.
contrast to the West, which rejects and Even religious circles became the initiators of the ban on studying Roman and Greek works and closing the schools of philosophy in Athens.
In addition, the scientific tradition goes hand in hand with advances in infrastructure such as the Cordoba mosque.
Medina Az-Zahra.
Al-Hamra' Palace.
AlQatharah Ad-Dahr and the Ja'fariyyah Palace.
This religion, literature, music and philosophy.
During this period, philosophers who contributed to the development of Islamic thought were born, such as Abu Bakar Muhammad ibn Syayigh (Ibnu Bajja.
Abu Bakar ibn Tufail (Abu Bace.
, and Ibn Rushd.
These demonstrative thinking structure better known as Burhani epistemology reasoning6.
for the birth of European rationalism authorities by building schools, universities initiated by St.
Aquinas was oriented and libraries and translation projects.
There towards the Arab-Islamic rationalism of are several factors behind the development Andalusia and the Maghrib7.
Unlike Western of civilization and culture.
First, there is the philosophy.
Islamic philosophy does not to multidisciplinary scientists in science.
This figure is also the background civilization in the West.
Andalusia gave birth Interest a representative of the progress of Islamic Arab.
Muwalladun.
Greek-Alexandrian Barbarian.
Shaqalibah.
Jewish and Christian but is firmly rooted in the Al-Qur'an and Muzareb4 communities so that knowledge Hadith transmission occurs.
Nevertheless, the existence of eastern world Second, the government's policies in infrastructure and education, such as the construction of palaces, mosques, libraries and schools as a form of awareness of the urgency of education.
Third, the birth of philosophy does not stand alone.
However, sometimes it is juxtaposed and has a Greek thought, which is then packaged in Islamic One of the monumental works in civilization, represented by the Abbasiyah the field of philosophy in Andalusia is the Volume Vi.
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AL-WIJDyAN novel Al-Hayy Ibn Yadzon by Ibn Thufail.
Tufail's Perspective and His Contribution to Roman Islamic Education" has several objectives.
philosophical and scientific reasoning with First, knowing the concept of knowledge Sufism through literature9.
Ibnu Thufail is was built by Ibn Thufail in Hayy ibn the initiator of developing the concept of Yaqdzhan's novel.
Second, knowing the epistemology in romance.
He pointed out contribution of Hayy Ibnu Yaqdzan in the the limitations of the senses and reason and development of the epistemology of Islamic educated the soul to obtain the highest Hayy source of knowledge.
Hayy Ibnu Yaqdzan himself was inspired by the thoughts and Research Method allusions of Ibn Sina that the human mind will always live and is always driven by an active mind .
The library research is titled Hayy Ibnu Yaqdzhan:
The Concept Development of Knowledge from Ibn The problem at this time, discourse related to the construction of knowledge development from a philosophical and scientific perspective in Islam is rarely carried out.
On the one hand, the realm of epistemology in Islam is more influenced by Western developments.
On the other hand, the development of knowledge in Islam is very dominant in the normative aspect without conducting a comprehensive study.
Tufail's Perspective and His Contribution to Islamic Education.
The primary data is from the book Hayy Ibnu Yaqdzan written by Ibnu Thufail.
While secondary data is in the form of written data as a support for primary data in the form of books.
The steps used in this study were carried out by writing, clarifying, reducing The data collection process In Islamic education, it is the same.
was carried out using the documentation The epistemological reasoning of Bayani, method: collecting information from both Burhani, and Irfani, which should work processing it and finding data according to collisions so that science is sometimes the problem formulation.
As for the data considered to be contrary to the substance that has been obtained, it is classified in of Islamic teachings, which refer to the Al- three substantial terms.
First, the biography Qur'an and Hadith.
The research entitled of Ibn Thufail.
Second, the development of "Hayy Ibnu Yaqdzhan: The Concept of the epistemology of knowledge in Hayy's Development of Knowledge from Ibn Third, relevance related to Islamic Volume Vi.
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AL-WIJDyAN education.
The data analysis method is religion, he studied with Abu Muhammad related to research using content analysis to Rusyathi and 'Abdul Haq Ibn 'Atiyah18.
analyse an article's content to obtain sharper, in-depth and comprehensive data related to research13.
Ibn Thufail's love for science led to his career as a government doctor in Granada.
Seville and Cordova.
He was also Results and Discussion appointed secretary to the governor of Granada.
When Andalusia was under the Biography of Ibn Thufail rule of the Almohads, he was appointed Ibn Thufail was born in the town of secretary to the governor of Sabitah (Ceut.
Wadi Ash, near Granada, in 508/1110 AD Tanjah (Tangie.
in another history 494 H with the name Abu appointed palace doctor and vizier during Bakr Muhammad bin 'Abdul Malik bin Abu Ya'qub Yusuf al-Manshur.
As vizier, he Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Thufail al- was tasked with gathering and inviting Qaishi Al-Andalusi14.
Ibn Tufail died in 581 academics and scientists into the palace H/1185 AD in Marrakesh.
Morocco15.
environment, one of whom was Ibn Rushd, has several chews, such as al-Andalusi, al- who would later replace Ibn Thufail as the Qurthubi, al-Ishili and al-Qasyi, who are palace doctor 19.
Ibn Thufail writes several descendants of Arab tribes who have works, including Maraji' wa Mabahits Fi Thib positions in Andalusia16.
Baina Ibnu Thufail Wa Ibnu Rushd.
Arjuzah fi Thib.
Risalah fi Nafs.
Ba'dhu Qashaid Suffiyyah Europe.
Abubacer.
He is a scientist who lived under the rule of the Muwahidun dynasty.
The Muwahidun dynasty itself is a dynasty that ruled the land of Andalusia after the Murabithun dynasty, which rebuilt the land of Andalusia with science, madrasas and and Risalah Hayy Ibnu Yaqdzhan.
Biqa' alMaskunnah wa Al-Ghair al-Maskunnah20.
One of Ibn Thufail's monumental works is Hayy Ibnu Yaqzhan Sufism, philosophy and epistemological systems that developed during his time.
Ibn Thufail is a scientist who Roman Ibnu Thufail has roots in philosophy, mathematics and literature.
Hunain Bin Ishaq's translation.
Qishash Ash- medicine and philosophy.
Ibn Thufail spent Shanam wal Mulik wa Ibnatuhu.
Several his time in Seville and Granada and studied scholars differed regarding the purpose of Ibn Bajjah's philosophy.
In the field of Hayy Ibnu Yaqdzhan's composition.
First.
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AL-WIJDyAN whose revelation does not reach him can he this, he must position himself as the caliph independently know the truth of revelation .
anager of the univers.
by meeting and the basis of aqidah without the natural human needs, caring for living things intermediary of a mu'allim.
Second, it aims in the universe and cultivating the virtuous to synergize between reason and naql behaviour of animals.
Second, the similitude .
eligion and philosoph.
of the motion of the celestial bodies is a manifestation of love for the absolute Hayy Bin Yaqdzhan perfection of God.
In this case.
Hayy tries Roman, with the title Hayy Ibnu to go around the island to achieve ecstasy by Yaqdzhan is interpreted as "The Alive, the praying and maintaining a relationship with Son of Awake".
Ibn Sina used Hayy's God.
nomenclature in his treatise.
Ibn Thufail's Magnum Opus includes a philosophical view of God, human beings, culture, society, religion and morals.
He also fictionally narrates that reason .
and mystical .
, with all their weaknesses, communication with God and finding the essential truth .
Third.
Hayy must always be clean and pure from dust and dirt on her body.
this case, not only is cleanliness the essence of a philosopher, but brilliance towards adab and manners is the main thing24.
Hayy Ibnu Yaqdzhan also describes a human being in solitude without revelation, and a teacher can know, relate to and serve his God25.
Hayy Ibnu Yaqdzhan describes the story of Hayy Ibnu Yaqdzhan was born as a the journey of philosophers in search of philosophical foundation in the Middle Ages The spiritual journey is traversed to counter the influence of pseudo- through various stages, starting from the philosophical ideas in Andalusia22.
Through sensing stage, the mind, and the mind.
This Hayy Ibnu Yaqzhan.
Ibnu Thufail describes is manifested in the contemplation of the journey of human knowledge through natural phenomena, animals and celestial three models of amaliyah, which consist of bodies so that he obtains the essence of amaliyah resembling animals, celestial bodies Hayy was born on the equator on the and amaliyah al-wajib existing23.
island of Wawak without having parents, culture or language.
Independently, he finds First, eating, drinking and other technical, physical, and spiritual truths to synergize with philosophical and mystical existence of the spirit of life, leading to the There are at least eight chapters recognition of celestial bodies.
To achieve Volume Vi.
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AL-WIJDyAN related to the intellectual and spiritual israq.
, through Hayy bin Yaqdzhan.
Ibn development phases.
Roman Hayy has Thufail seeks to combine the power of significantly contributed to the development reason which emphasizes the human ability of Western philosophy.
This can be found in some of the thoughts of Spinosa.
Leibnitz empirically and through scientific studies and Rousseau and others.
with the power of intuitive in understanding Stages of Human Development in Hayy Ibn Yaqdzhan the nature of the soul and human feelings.
Through the eight stages mentioned above, independently, by using an active mind, the Substantially, the story of Hayy bin development of Hayy's knowledge reaches Yaqdzhan is a representation of the concept haqiqatul 'Ulya.
In addition.
Hayy Ibnu of Ibn Tufail's thoughts after contemplating Yaqdzhan narrates three typologies of and doing scientific rihlah in his life.
As a knowledge possessed by humans.
First, the philosopher, doctor, scientist and writer.
Ibnu Tufail tries to describe the steps in the philosophical truth by contemplating natural journey of actual human knowledge since he Second, knowledge based on religion was born.
There are at least three processes is represented by Asl, who adheres to of transmitting knowledge in humans.
religious teachings and revelation.
Third, the Hayy, knowledge of the ordinary people where the First, knowledge is obtained through manifestation of religion is based on sensing by optimizing the five senses of tradition and taqlid by accepting religious sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch, which teachings from the outer side only29.
are carried out through trials, repetition and Second, the transmission of knowledge through reason, where sensing and experience lead to contemplation which leads to the perfection of the Creator and human weaknesses.
The third is transmitting knowledge through kasyaf, musyahadah, and illumination .
piritual ligh.
There are at least eight stages of human development, both knowledge and spiritual.
Contribution to Islamic Education Education in Islam cannot be separated from the terms tarbiyah, ta'lim, tadris, ta'dib, etc.
In other words, education is the transfer of knowledge and values and the transmission of civilization from one generation to the next in all aspects.
This shows that education is comprehensive.
The problem that occurs there is various As a Muslim philosopher who problems faced by Islamic education, one of combines reason and intuition .
l-failasuf al- which is the philosophical aspect, where Volume Vi.
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AL-WIJDyAN Islamic education tends to negate rational can be sensed so that it leads him to the and scientific aspects.
When it is related to highest science and realizes that everything Islamic education, at least Hayy Ibnu in the universe has a Creator or Fa'il.
Yaqdzan's contribution to Islamic education, including .
the development of knowledge, .
the concept of knowledge, and .
More detail is as follows:
the development of knowledge, as described by Ibn Thufail.
The first phase begins when Hayy bin Yaqdzan is stranded on Wak-Wak Island and raised by a mother deer.
As an infant, it moves through the sensory-oral stage, where it is highly dependent on its He also begins to imitate his mother's voice, sorts food, and learns to identify his differences with other creatures.
Meanwhile, in the second phase, when he was seven years old, he realized the difference between himself and other This was followed up by trying to cover up its shortcomings by using objects from the outside.
As for the third phase, between the ages of 14-21 years, he is free from direct perception and begins to carry bodies and contemplates that the celestial objects are part of the abundance of the stage, he begins to perceive the Fa'il Dzat.
At least there are several stages of attention and observation to the celestial Perfect Dzat with all its majesty.
In the sixth Development of Knowledge In the fifth stage, he turns his experiments by dissecting animals that are alive and dead to find the jauhar as the mover of the body.
At the age of 21-28 years, he enters the fourth stage in his life where he begins to explore all objects that In the Sixth stage, he realizes himself as more perfect than any other being.
To reach the stage of musyahadah, he cannot be animals by fulfilling physical needs, acts of celestial bodies and obligatory existence by In the seventh stage, he finds Al-Haq, musyahadah by abandoning material aspects and is at the degree of wusul.
Whereas in the eighth stage, the knowledge and spiritual experience are by the substance of the values of religious teachings.
Even so, the external perspective and takwil become a reality that cannot be separated from the dimensions of human thought.
Ibn Thufail's thoughts in Hayy are closely related to the development of Piaget's cognitive aspects, which include the maturity of the nervous system, experience, social interaction, and equilibrium .
elf-regulation and contro.
Nonetheless.
Hayy offers israqi knowledge where the experimental and contemplative aspects, through the senses and ratios, can Volume Vi.
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AL-WIJDyAN lead to the inner aspect and to haqiqatul ula.
child who grew up outside of society was In addition.
Ibn Tufail described that instinctively armed with a pure mind and independently, a person's 'aql would go soul and could find the truth and solve his through the steps of dhikr, nadzar, 'ilm, fikr.
With his fa'al mind, he can muhasabah, and ijtihad which ultimately lead proceed to the state of haqiqatul 'ulya, where to wisdom 31.
the mind is dynamic, active, and contains divine elements which ultimately lead to Knowledge Concept ittisalu billah.
The urgency of experimentation in understanding oneself and the universe is always emphasized in Hayy's novels.
Doubt and scepticism become a stimulus for rational development to reach a tested truth, ultimately leading to God's truth.
Roman Hayy also contributed to the birth of scientific knowledge through scientific, philosophical and religious steps.
In this novel, two theories of knowledge are First, material knowledge where empirical testing and analogies to the objects of the universe.
Second, metaphysical This knowledge cannot be obtained through sense but emphasizes the intuitive aspect.
On the other hand, three typologies of knowledge methods were also The first method is based on ratios .
omparative, analysis and deductio.
, and the second is knowledge based on senses .
bservation, observation and researc.
Third, knowledge based on intuition .
he meaning of the essence and wisdom of religious teaching.
Hayy ibn Yadzhan as a Ibnu Thufail tries to convey that substantially, there is no contradiction between philosophy and religion.
The synergy of experimentation, observation, contemplation and one's musyahadah will reach the metaphysical stage.
He also criticizes that religious teachings originating understood meaningfully, not just as an external symbol.
For Islamic education, the normative values built by the text .
bsolute philosophical framework and experimental In other words, rationality and Islamic Even so, in certain areas in the study related to transcendent matters, the metaphysical aspect becomes a fundamental thing to do, considering that the realm of reason and the senses cannot reach this.
Islamic education must be able to synergize religious values as a manifestation of the caliph and 'abd.
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AL-WIJDyAN Religiosity religious teachings and doing takwil on As an independent learner.
Hayy has mutasyabihat verses.
rational freedom because societal constructs This has implications for uzlah and do not bind him.
However, in his scientific contemplation of leaving society.
Second, pursuits and spiritual journey, he was given subtly understanding religious teachings the gift of reason to find the ultimate truth.
without doing takwil.
Ibnu Thufail described Even without religion, prophets and sacred that these two typologies are commonplace texts, he is given a way to find the truth in understanding religious teachings as long .
aqiqatul 'uly.
by knowing the Dzat of as they are by the values of religious Being and the creator of everything.
As for This thinking contributes to his religious expression, it is manifested in Islamic education, where religious teachings musyahadah with munajat immersed in the provide space for science to find a truth that service of the Khaliq.
Before meeting Isal, leads to religious values.
Even though Hayy did three practices in his life.
First, the Hayy's religiosity does not begin with struggle that resembles an animal.
At this normative reasoning based on qauliyyah stage, it will be hindered, and it will not even verses, he tries to identify nature by studying be easy to do musyahadah.
However, to the kauniyyah verses so that he is at the maintain the existence of the spirit, it must point of knowing God.
In the process.
Hayy still carry out the first practice.
Second, goes through various religious dimensions, actions that resemble heavenly bodies.
which consist of five primary dimensions:
this stage, he can witness Al-Wajib, but only little things appear.
Third, it resembles the religious knowledge and consequences.
Mandatory Subject.
At this stage, he can do musyahadah as a whole.
Do not turn to Conclusion anything else except for the True Essence.
Hayy Ibnu Yaqdzhan is a novel that As for the matter of shari'ah, in the form of represents the progress of Islamic thought mahdhah worship.
Hayy cannot carry it out through works of fiction.
Even so, essential except after meeting Isal.
He learned to perform prayers, zakat, fasting, pilgrimage and other worship.
In Hayy's novel, it is also including aspects of religion, philosophy and described that there are two typologies for In contrast to western thought, understanding religious teachings.
First, thought from an Islamic perspective is not based on Greek-Alexandrian philosophy but Islamic Volume Vi.
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Dan Islam.
Ay Tadarus :Jurnal Surabaya, 2016, 50Ae67.
In this novel.
Ibnu Thuffail describes that knowledge can be obtained through the senses, reason and inner reasoning through kasyaf, deliberation and scholarship.
He also describes human development from the oral age to the stage of wisdom.
There are at least three substantive aspects of Hayy's novel contribution to Islamic education.
First, in terms of cognitive development.
Roman Hayy describes the development process from sensory, imitative, exploratory, philosophical, contemplative and mystical.
Second is the concept of knowledge, where knowledge can be obtained through sense, reason and intuition.
Third, in terms of religiosity, all the good elements in the form of beliefs, rituals, religious knowledge, and religious experience will always lead to the true essence, namely Allah Ta'ala.
Reference