Astuti SCD, et al.
Belitung Nursing Journal.
2017 October.
:595-602
Received: 11 March 2017 | Accepted: 30 October 2017 http://belitungraya.
org/BRP/index.
php/bnj/ A 2017 The Author.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.
International License which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
ISSN: 2477-4073
ALOE VERA BARBADENSIS MILLER AS AN ALTERNATIVE
TREATMENT FOR CHILDREN WITH FEVER
Siti Choirul Dwi Astuti1*.
Suhartono2.
Ngadiyono1.
Supriyana1 Magister Applied Midwifery.
Politeknik Kesehatan Kementrian Kesehatan Semarang.
Indonesia Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University.
Semarang.
Indonesia Corresponding author:
Siti Choirul Dwi Astuti.
MTr.
Keb Magister Applied Midwifery.
Politeknik Kesehatan Kementrian Kesehatan Semarang Jl.
Tirto Agung.
Pedalangan.
Banyumanik Kota Semarang.
Jawa Tengah.
Indonesia 50268 E-mail: sitichoirul13@yahoo.
ABSTRACT
Background: Applying a cooling treatment from outside the body is one way to lower fever in children.
Midwives commonly perform a warm water compress in their care, but it is considered less effective.
Thus, compress with Aloe Vera Barbadensis Miller is proposed in this study as an alternative treatment.
Objective: To examine the effect of Aloe Vera Barbadensis Miller compress in reducing body temperature in children with fever.
Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest and posttest with control group design.
Forty children were recruited, with twenty of them assigned in each group.
Purposive sampling was performed to select the sample.
A digital rectal thermometer was used to measure the temperature.
Independent t- test and paired test were used for data analysis.
Results: Findings showed that the Aloe Vera compress group showed a higher decrease of body temperature compared to the warm water compress group.
The difference of body temperature after 20 minutes in the experiment group was 1.
435 while in the control group was only 1.
There were statistically significant differences in body temperature between the experiment and control group .
=0.
Conclusion: Aloe Vera Barbadensis Miller compress is an effective alternative therapy in reducing body temperature in children with fever.
It is recommended for midwives to apply this intervention to reduce body temperature significantly.
Keywords: fever, toddler.
Aloe Vera Barbadensis.
compress, warm water Belitung Nursing Journal .
Volume 3.
Issue 5.
September-October 2017 EditorAos Note: This article has been updated on 9 July 2020 in terms of minor changes in the reference format.
The update is according to BNJ Policy on article correction.
INTRODUCTION
Change of condition from health to sick causes the body reaction to increase the temperature called fever .
Fever is a state that the body temperature is higher than usual and is a symptom of a Body temperature exceeds the fixed point .
et poin.
more that 370C, which is usually caused by external or body conditions create more heat than released by the body.
3 Studies have shown that 10-15% of mothers carrying toddlers come to health services because of fever.
Fever is the body's normal response to the entry of microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungus.
5 Fever is generally caused by viral infections.
Fever can also be caused by excessive heat exposure, dehydration or fluid deficiency, and allergies or due to immune system Some research evidences suggest that the positive effects of fever trigger the increase in the number of leukocytes as well as improve interferon function that helps leukocytes fight microorganisms.
Fevers are generally harmless but high fever can be harmful.
The negative effects of fever include dehydration, lack of oxygen, neurological damage and febrile Fever should be handled properly in order to minimize the negative Other research results show that fever often causes anxiety in the elderly person to make excessive efforts by giving antibiotics and doing a blood However, it requires the roles of midwife in dealing with fever to prevent excessive effort that precisely can harm.
The role of midwife in handling fever in toddler must be in accordance with its authority.
Based on Regulation of Minister of Health (Permenke.
Number 1464 / Menkes / Per / X / 2010, midwives have authority in providing child health services, which their scope of services in child health services include providing newborn services, infant care, toddler services and pre-school midwives also have the authority to take care of infants and toddlers in accordance with established guidelines and the standard of IMCI (Integrated Management of Childhood Illnes.
, especially for assessing and classifying fever before doing interventions.
The authority of midwives in caring children with fever is by giving warm water compress.
9 Physical therapy by giving compress in fever management according to World Health Organization (WHO) can be done before giving drug However, not all fever can be treated with warm water compresses, it is just only for intermittent type of fever.
This intermittent fever may fall to normal levels within a day and may occur on the first day.
Warm water compress does not fit with children with fever accompanied by severe dehydration, consciousness loss or a history of febrile seizures.
Warm water compresses can help dilating the peripheral blood vessels in the skin and opening pores to remove heat out of the body.
5,6 This also can reduce the dependence of patients on antipyretics.
However, the weakness of hot water is in the media used, which is still using liquid media in the form of warm water in the wet cloth.
The water in the wet cloth can be widened to other parts of the body causing discomfort.
Moreover, if it is excessively given will cause redness.
Warm water compress will be evaporated and should be done repeatedly for 2-3 minutes to maintain a sense of warm Belitung Nursing Journal .
Volume 3.
Issue 5.
September-October 2017 water.
The method of heat loss with warm water compresses will occur when the skin touches the liquid object, or when the skin touches a solid object which is actually 5 times more effective in moving heat compared to liquid.
Thus, this study used a compress with solid media in the form of Aloe Vera to increase heat exposure in children with The results of Mukhamad Rajin's study12 showed that saponin content in Aloe Vera can cause vasodilatation, thus accelerating the decrease of phlebitis level after 8 hours of giving Aloe Vera This research is also supported study who found that Aloe Vera possesses phytochemical compound in the form of saponin and is used as a compress to lower body temperature in burn patients.
In addition.
Aloe Vera also contains lignin that can penetrate into the skin, which helps preventing the loss of body fluids from the skin surface.
14 The content of saponin compounds in Aloe Vera that works dilate blood vessels can accelerate the expenditure of heat.
It makes the blood circulation smooth so that the heat from the body can be more easily channeled to the peripheral blood 13Thus.
Aloe Vera will be used to handle the fever by peeling the leaves of Aloe Vera and used as a compress.
When the aloe leaves used as a medium compress, then the heat that exists on the body will evaporate so that the fever will slowly decrease because of accelerating 11 Moreover.
Aloe Vera also includes local crops that are cultivated so easy to get it and the price is affordable.
The Community Health Center is one of the health service centers providing midwifery services in maternal and child The procedure in taking care of fever in this center include giving explanation to parents, rehydration, providing good air ventilation of the room, loosening the patient's clothes, and supine positioning, compressing and recording in the medical Data obtained from Department of Health of Blora in 26 Community Health Center located in 16 sub-districts showed that the highest prevalence of fever in under five years in 2015 was in the Doplang Health Center as many as 439 15 This number indicates an increase of fever occurrence from the previous year, which amounted to 324 cases in In addition, the Doplang Health Center also applied a counseling to do compress action if there is a child with METHODS Design This type of research was a quasiexperiment with pretest and posttest with control group design.
This research was conducted in the working area of Doplang BloraAos Community Health Center from January 1, 2017 to January 27, 2017.
Population and Sample The target population in this study was all children with fever in the working area of the Community Health Center of Doplang Blora.
There were 40 samples selected based in the hypothesis formula of the mean of two independents.
Purposive sampling was used and 20 samples were assigned in the experiment and control The inclusion criteria of the sample were: Children with intermittent fever .
30C-38.
50C), first day of fever, and aged 1-5 years.
The exclusion criteria were children aged less than 1 year or more than 5 years old, have been given a medicine, uncooperative fever, moderate Belitung Nursing Journal .
Volume 3.
Issue 5.
September-October 2017 or heavy dehydration, and have a history of febrile seizures.
Intervention The experiment group was given a compress of Aloe Vera.
Type of Aloe Vera used was Aloe Vera Barbarensis Miller with a width of A 6cm and length A The researchers chose a fresh and clean Aloe Vera, then peeling the Aloe Vera by removing the leaf skin and put it on the forehead, armpits .
, and groin folds for 15 Ae 20 minutes.
While the control group was only given a warm water compress .
oC Ae 40oC) in the wet cloth and put it on the forehead, armpits .
, and groin folds for 15 Ae 20 Instrument A digital rectal thermometer was used to measure the temperature.
It is considered a fever if the temperature is > 37.
The measurement was done for times .
fter 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, and 20 minutes of interventio.
Ethical consideration Ethical clearance of the research was obtained from the Ethics Commission of Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang with No.
057 / KEPK / Poltekkes-SMG / EC / The study permission was also obtained from the National Unity and Public Protection Body.
Each participant in this study signed the informed consent prior to the data collection.
Data analysis To examine the effect of Aloe Vera Barbarensis Miller on fever, and investigate its differences between the Independent t-test and paired t-test were used for data analysis.
RESULTS
The characteristics of the respondents as shown in the table 1 showed that the majority of children in this study aged 3738 months, female and had a good nutritional status, with p-value > 0.
which indicated that there were no characteristics of the respondents between the experiment and control group.
Table 1 Characteristic of the respondents and its homogeneity Characteristics of the Age .
Mean
Median Min Max
ASD
Gender Female Male Nutritional status Good Poor Warm water compress group Aloe Vera compress group P-value Belitung Nursing Journal .
Volume 3.
Issue 5.
September-October 2017 Table 2 Time to reach normal temperature Time Warm water compress group 5 minutes 10 minutes 15 minutes 20 minutes Total Table 2 shows that most respondents in the warm water compress group reached normal temperature within 20 minutes, amounted to 20 people .
%).
While most of the respondents in the Aloe Vera compress group reached the normal Aloe Vera compress Total temperature within 15 minutes, amounted to 20 people .
%).
The respondents in the Aloe Vera compress group reached normal temperature faster than the respondents in the warm water compress Table 3 Difference in body temperature before and after given intervention using paired t -test Time of measurement Before and after 5 minutes Before and after 10 minutes Before and after 15 minutes Before and after 20 minutes Intervention Warm water compress Aloe Vera compress Mean Paired Mean Paired P-value p-value Differences Differences Table 3 shows that there was a significant decrease of body temperature in the experiment and control group in four times of measurement with p-value <0.
However, the Aloe Vera compress group showed a higher decrease of body temperature compared to the warm water compress group in each measurement.
For instance, the difference of body temperature after 20 minutes in the experiment group was 1.
while in the control group was only 1.
could be said that Aloe Vera compress was effective than warm water compress.
Table 4.
Difference in body temperature before and after given intervention in the experiment and control group using Independent t-test Time of Pretest Posttest .
Posttest .
Posttest .
Posttest .
Mean difference MeanASD.
Median.
MinAMax Aloe Vera compress Warm water compress 9A0.
3A38.
8A0.
4A38.
4A0.
9A38.
5A0.
9A37.
9A0.
3A38.
3A0.
6A37.
5A0.
2A37.
1A0.
4A37.
5A0.
2A37.
7A0.
4A37.
43A0.
80A2.
08A0.
90A1.
Belitung Nursing Journal .
Volume 3.
Issue 5.
September-October 2017 p-value The results of Independent t-test as shown in the table 4 shows that there were no temperature in pretest and posttest .
with p-value >0.
However, there were statistically significant differences in body temperature between the experiment and control group after 10 minutes .
=0.
, 15 minutes .
=0.
and 20 minutes of intervention .
There was a bit difference in body temperature between the two groups, which was only 0.
DISCUSSION