Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol. 7, No. 2, October 2020, 113-120

ISSN: 2355-7079/E-ISSN: 2406-8195

STORAGE TECHNIQUES OF CEMPAKA WASIAN
(Magnolia tsiampaca (Miq.) Dandy) SEEDS
Arif Irawan*1, Hanif N. Hidayah1, Iwanuddin2, Julianus Kinho1, and Jafred E. Halawane1
Enviroment and Forestry Research and Development Institute of Manado, Manado, Indonesia
Jl. Tugu Adipura Raya Kel. Kima Atas Kec. Mapanget Kota Manado, Sulawesi Utara 95259, Indonesia
2
Wakatobi National Park, Jl. Dayanu Iksanuddin No.71 Kota Baubau-Sulawesi Tenggara 93724, Indonesia
1

Received: 2 February 2020, Revised: 22 October 2020, Accepted: 22 October 2020
STORAGE TECHNIQUES OF CEMPAKA WASIAN (Magnolia tsiampaca (Miq.) Dandy) SEEDS.
Cempaka wasian is a type of woody tree which has a substantial historical value associated with the local
culture of the Minahasan people. The improvement of cempaka wasian plantation is essential due to their
enormous importance and usage. This study aims to discover the impacts of duration, storage room, and
containers used for the appropriate storage of cempaka wasian seeds. The design used in this study is entirely
randomized design organized with a factorial pattern which consists of three factors; 1) storage duration, 2)
storage room and 3) storage containers. Duration of storage was 2, 3, 4, and 5 months; meanwhile, storage
rooms comprised of refrigerators, chambers, and air-conditioned room. Moreover, storing containers
consisted of calico cloth, aluminium foils, and plastic bags. The study finding indicates that the seeds of
cempaka wasian could still germinate if stored for five months by using plastics bags inside refrigerators. A
significant provision of seeds and suitable timing are closely related to the proper seed storage techniques.
Keywords: Seeds, cempaka wasian, storage duration, containers
TEKNIK PENYIMPANAN BENIH CEMPAKA WASIAN (Magnolia tsiampaca (Miq.) Dandy). Cempaka
wasian merupakan jenis kayu yang memiliki nilai historis sangat erat dengan budaya masyarakat Minahasa. Pengembangan
hutan tanaman cempaka wasian perlu menjadi prioritas mengingat tingkat kebutuhannya cukup tinggi. Penyediaan benih
dalam jumlah yang banyak dan pada waktu yang tepat sangat berkaitan dengan usaha metode penyimpanan benih yang
sesuai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu, tempat, dan wadah penyimpanan yang sesuai untuk benih
cempaka wasian. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah acak lengkap yang disusun dengan pola factorial
yang terdiri dari 3 (tiga) faktor, yaitu: 1) waktu penyimpanan, 2) ruang penyimpanan, dan 3) wadah penyimpanan. Waktu
penyimpanan terdiri dari 4 faktor, yaitu 2; 3; 4; dan 5 bulan, tempat penyimpanan terdiri dari 3 faktor yaitu ruang kulkas;
ruang kamar; dan ruang AC. Sedangkan wadah penyimpanan terdiri dari kain blacu; aluminium foil; dan plastik. Hasil
penelitian menunjukkan bahwa benih cempaka wasian masih dapat berkecambah optimal walaupun disimpan selama 5
(lima) bulan apabila menggunakan wadah simpan plastik dalam ruang kulkas.
Kata kunci: Benih, cempaka wasian, lama penyimpanan, wadah

*

Corresponding author: arif_net23@yahoo.com

©2020 IJFR All rights reserved. Open access under CC BY-NC-SA license. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2020.7.2.113-120

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Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol. 7, No. 2, October 2020, 113-120

I. INTRODUCTION
Cempaka wasian is a type of woody tree
which has historical value closely associated
with the local culture of the Minahasan people.
Cempaka wasian timber has been utilized, even
before the timber becomes the primary material
for Woloan House (traditional house of
Minahasa). Lumempouw (2014) stated that in
the ceremonial process of building traditional
houses in Tombulu (one of the local tribes of
Minahasa), cempaka wasian is mostly collected
from the forest and the timber is used as the core
material. Additionally, the people of Minahasa
embrace the psychological relationship with this
wood because applying it as the primary house
material is believed to provide a daily positive
atmosphere.
Currently, cempaka timber supply is limited,
and it is collected either from the natural or
reserved forest for the traditional houses of
Minahasa (Sasmuko, 2010). The development
of cempaka wasian plantations must become a
priority, due to their considerable consumption
and it's culturally significant for the people of
Minahasa. It necessitates the supply of a large
quantity of cempaka wasian seeds with superior
quality. Availability of seeds in large amounts is
closely associated with the effort to the proper
technique of storing seeds. During storing
period, seeds experience a decline in germination
value due to their physiological process as well
as the surrounding environmental condition
which is less optimal (Suita & Darwo, 2015)
(Nurisma, Agustiansyah & Kamal, 2015).
Seeds of cempaka wasian are grouped as
one of the seeds which cannot be stored for
an extended period (Kinho & Mahfudz, 2011).
However, little information is recorded on the
exact duration and method of storing these
seeds. Irawan and Hidayah (2019) address that
cempaka wasian seeds which have been stowed
for a month in plastic bags were able to grow
well with a germination rate of >80%. The
experiment to identify longer conservation
duration by applying applicable preservation
method needs to be studied to complete
available records. This study aims to discover

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the impact of appropriate storage duration,
storage rooms, and containers for cempaka
wasian seeds.
II. MATERIAL AND METHOD
The study aims to provide sufficient details
of the research work to allow the method to
be reproduced. This study was conducted
from November 2018 to April 2019 at the
Permanent Nursrey of BPDASHL (the
Watershed and Protected Forest Management
Unit) Tondano Kima Atas located at the office
of Environment and Forestry Research and
Development Centre, North Sulawesi Province.
The material used in this research is the seeds
of cempaka wasian, from Minahasa Selatan
Regency. Meanwhile, the equipments used was
sowing box for sowing seeds, sand, label, digital
scale, oven, and stationaries.
A. Methods
The ripen seeds were extracted from the fruits
then soaked overnight to remove the epidermis
from the seeds. The seeds are stored according
to the treatment. Duration of storage was 2,
3, 4, and 5 months; meanwhile, storage room
comprised of the refrigerator (temperature
4–10oC; humidity 40–50%), storage chambers
with room temperature (temperature 26–
30oC; humidity 65–80%), and rooms with air
conditioners (temperature 18–21oC; humidity
51–61%). Further, storage containers consisted
of calico cloth, aluminium foil, and plastic bags.
Every treatment comprises of three
replications each with 50 seeds.
Seed
germination was observed for 40 days for each
treatment. Seeds were not sown concurrently,
but it is adjusted to the treatment of storage
duration. The storage duration is grouped
for the duration of 2, 3, and 4 months. The
seeds were stored for two months, and then it
is rejuvenated and observed for 40 days. The
treatment of storage duration of 3 months,
seeds were stored first for three months then
it is rejuvenated and observed for 40 days.
The treatment storage duration of 4 months,
the seeds were stored for four months; then it
was rejuvenated and observed for 40 days. The

Storage Techniques of Cempaka Wasian (Magnolia tsiampaca (Miq.) Dandy) Seeds.............................(Arif Irawan et al.)

treatment of storage duration of five months,
the seeds were stored for five months, then it
was rejuvenated and observed for 40 days. This
study employs a completely randomized design
organized with a factorial pattern.
B. Observed Parameters
Experimental parameters were seed moisture
content, germination rate, and germination
speed. They were calculated using the following
formula:
Seed Moisture Content
The water level in the seeds was measured
using an oven temperature of 103±2°C for
17 hours. Each treatment consisted of 20
seeds. The water content is represented in
the percentage of weight and calculated to
the closest one decimal (ISTA, 2010) with the
following formula:
..(1)
Where: M1 = containers’ weight before oven (g); M2=
containers’ weight + seeds before oven (g);
M3= containers weight + seeds after oven (g)

Germination Rate
The energy to grow is determined by
the number of seeds which has sprouted.
According to Sadjad,Muniarti, and Ilyas (1999)
Siahaan (2017), the germination rate lays out the
potential viability parameters with the formula:

where: KN = number of normally germinated seeds; N
= number of sown seeds

Germination Speed
The calculated germination rate is the seeds
that germinate from the first observation day to
the last day. According to Widajati et al. (2012))
the rate of germination describes the vigour of
parameters with the following formula:
.........(3)
where: i=observation day; (KN)i=normal germination
on day i (%); Wi= time(etmal) on day i

C. Analysis
Data were analyzed by using analysis of
variance (ANOVA). If the data is significantly
different, further testing was carried out using
Duncan's analysis.
III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Following the outcome of the analysis of
variance, it can be said that the interaction
between duration, storage room, and containers
treatment offers absolute impact towards seed
moisture content and the germination rate of
cempaka wasian seeds (Table 1). Further tests
to find out the best interaction treatment are
shown in Table 2.

..............(2)
Table 1. Analysis of variances of the effect of duration, storage room, and containers treatment towards
seed moisture content, the germination rate and germination speed of cempaka wasian seeds
Source of variation
Duration
Room
Containers
Duration x room
Time x containers
Room x containers
Duration x room x containers
Galat (Error)

db
3
2
2
6
6
4
12
35

Seed moisture
content
43.23*
23.40*
329.60*
2.44*
12.78*
72.97*
8.21*
37.64

Mean of square
Germination
rate
2,426,41*
6,320.15*
12,176.70*
129.04*
840.26*
1,775.15*
329.44*
1,753.46

Germination
speed
3.09*
11.05*
21.18*
0.19*
1.15*
3.28*
0.69*
0.08

Remarks : * = significant at 95% confidence level

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ISSN: 2355-7079/E-ISSN: 2406-8195

Table 2. Duncan test on interaction effect of duration, room, and containers treatment towards seed
moisture content, the germination rate and germination speed of cempaka wasian seeds
No

Treatment

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.

Control
2 month x refrigerator x calico cloth
2 month x refrigerator x aluminium foil
2 month x refrigerator x plastic bags
2 month x chambers x calico cloth
2 month x chambers x aluminium foil
2 month x chambers x plastic bags
2 month x air-conditioned room x calico cloth
2 month x air-conditioned room x aluminium foil
2 month x air-conditioned room x plastic bags
3 month x refrigerator x calico cloth
3 month x refrigerator x aluminium foil
3 month x refrigerator x plastic bags
3 month x chambers x calico cloth
3 month x chambers x aluminium foil
3 month x chambers x plastic bags
3 month x air-conditioned room x calico cloth
3 month x air-conditioned room x aluminium foil
3 month x air-conditioned room x plastic bags
4 month x refrigerator x calico cloth
4 month x refrigerator x aluminium foil
4 month x refrigerator x plastic bags
4 month x chambers x calico cloth
4 month x chambers x aluminium foil
4 month x chambers x plastic
4 month x air-conditioned room x calico cloth
4 month x air-conditioned room x aluminium foil
4 month x air-conditioned room x plastic
5 month x refrigerator x calico cloth
5 month x refrigerator x aluminium foil
5 month x refrigerator x plastic bags
5 month x chambers x calico cloth
5 month x chambers x aluminium foil
5 month x chambers x plastic bags
5 month x air-conditioned room x calico cloth
5 month x air-conditioned room x aluminium foil
5 month x air-conditioned room x plastic bags

Seed moisture
content (%)
9.35 g
18.12 c
20.56 a
11.84 f
13.57 e
15.84 cd
11.67 f
12.58 e
16.85 cd
9.26 g
11.11 f
21.54 a
12.55 ef
13.15 e
14.59 de
10.39 g
10.62 f
18.74 bc
8.88 g
9.77 g
20.28 ab
10.48 fg
11.27 f
11.80 f
9.42 g
10.36 g
12.99 e
9.54 g
9.55 g
18.90 b
12.41 f
12.21 f
12.60 e
10.91 f
12.14 f
11.86 f

Germination
rate (%)
88
0.00 e
67.33 a
72.00 a
0.00 e
14.00 d
51.33 b
0.00 e
6.00 e
36.67 c
0.00 e
34.67 c
74.00 a
0.00 e
0.00 e
33.33 c
0.00 e
2.67 e
41.33 c
0.00 e
10.67 d
56.67 b
0.00 e
0.00 e
0.00 e
0.00 e
2.00 e
16.67 d
0.00 e
10.00 d
52.00 b
0.00 e
0.00 e
0.00 e
0.00 e
0.00 e
0.00 e

Germination speed
(% etmal)
4.67
0.00 e
2.57 a
2.63 a
0.00 e
0.45 d
1.99 b
0.00 e
1.19 d
1.23 e
0.00 e
1.37 c
2.81 a
0.00 e
0.00 e
1.37 c
0.00 e
0.10 e
1.89 b
0.00 e
0.39 d
2.49 a
0.00 e
0.00 e
0.00 e
0.00 e
0.06 e
0.71 d
0.00 e
0.41 e
2.52 a
0.00 e
0.00 e
0.00 e
0.00 e
0.00 e
0.00 e

Remarks: Values followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 95% confidence level

Based on Table 2, it can be concluded that
the longer the seeds are stowed, the lower the
moisture content and the germination energy
are. The refrigerator can maintain moisture level
and germination energy of cempaka wasian
seeds; meanwhile, storage chambers with room
temperature and the room with air conditioner
decrease them. On the other hand, calico cloth

116

negatively affects the water composite and
germination energy of cempaka wasian seeds
but will improve if stored in aluminium foil and
plastic bags.
Preservation energy is influenced by various
factors, such as condition and storage duration
(Suszka et al., 2014). Duration is considered
to have an actual impact on the percentage

Storage Techniques of Cempaka Wasian (Magnolia tsiampaca (Miq.) Dandy) Seeds.............................(Arif Irawan et al.)

and the speed of seeds' sprouting (Siahaan,
2017; Solikin, 2016; Lestari, 2019). The growth
values produced in this research points out
that germination of cempaka wasian seeds
can be sustained for five months using correct
preservation method. Basically, the storage is an
exertion to strive for seeds energy to develop
optimally by minimalizing seeds' respiration
(Suita & Darwo, 2015).
The moisture level of cempaka wasian
seeds retained in refrigerators using plastic
bags possesses significantly similar values for 3
month conservation duration, whereas, longer
storage duration (4 and 5 months) delivers
significantly different – lower – values. These
values are comparable with germination energy.
Seeds which are preserved for 4 and 5 months
inside refrigerators using plastic bags attain
growth energy of 56.67% and 52% while
for 2 and 3 months obtain 74% and 72%.
Anto and Jayaram (2010) address that seeds'
moisture content positively correlated with the
percentage of their germination, loss of seed
moisture content will indirectly reduce the
proportion of seed germination. Moreover,
Mahjabin, Bilal, and Abidi (2015) explained
that during the preservation process, water level
and temperature are responsible for damaging
seeds. Although conserving cempaka wasian
seeds by cooling them at temperature 4o-10oC
using plastic bags obtained slighter germination
energy parallel to storage duration, it is regarded
more effective compared to other treatments
which experience a dramatic decline in growing
capability.
Zhao et al. (2017) stated that storage rooms
with low temperatures and dry conditions have
a good effect on maintaining the viability of
seeds of most species of Hydrocharitaceae
and Potamogetonaceae. Besides, reduction
in developing ability due to insufficient water
level was found in Pongamia pinnata (Aminah &
Syamsuwida, 2013), Rhizophora apiculate (Rohandi
& Widyani, 2010) (Nurisma, Agustiansyah &
Kamal, 2015) and Reutealisri sperma (Tresniawati,
Murniati, & Widajati, 2014).
Surya and Normasiwi (2019) stated that
the speed of germination refers to the ability

of the seeds to germinate in less than optimal
environmental conditions. Lesilolo, Patty, and
Tetty (2012) added that the speed of seed
growth is a process of reactivation of seeds
for optimum growth. Growth speed can be
expressed as a measure of the duration it takes
to achieve an etmal germination. Fast-growing
sprouts indicated that the metabolic process
is running optimally (Prasetya, Yulianah,
Purnamaningsih, 2017, 2017). The speed of
germination of cempaka wasian seeds is directly
proportional to the germination rate (Tabel 2).
Lestari (2019) state that the longer the seeds
are stored, the speed of germination or seed
growth power will decrease, so that the value of
seed germination will also decrease. The value
of seed germination is related to the speed
of seed germination or seed growth capacity
(Payung, Prihatiningtyas, & Nisa, 2012).
Excellent quality and proper packaging can
generate good maintenance room ecosystem
for seeds as well as sustaining the water level;
thus, the seeds can be preserved extensively
(Lodong, Tambing, & Adrianton, 2015). Plastic
containers can endure the moisture content in
the cempaka wasian seeds more productively in
comparison to other storage containers because
they are water-proof. Debtisari, Erawati, and
Sugiyarto (2018) stated that preservation
system using water-proof receptacle prevents
excessive evaporation within the seeds during
the conservation process, and seeds maintained
in water-proof storages are capable of
sustaining the germination viability and vigour
of seeds. Furthermore, several seeds can be
well upheld utilizing plastic such as cucumber
seeds (Sumpena, 2012), rice seeds (Sari &
Faisal, 2017), and Manglietia glauce seeds (Suita &
Darwo, 2015). Plastic is a packaging substance
which is resistant to humidity, pressure, and not
fragile (Rahayu & Widajati, 2007).
Furthermore, aluminium foil and calico
cloth produce mediocre growth viability values
compared to plastics. Cempaka wasian seeds
conserved in calico cloth failed to sprout in all
storage rooms. This calico cloth is suspected to
increase respiration of cempaka wasian seeds;
consequently, the moisture content decreases

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Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol. 7, No. 2, October 2020, 113-120

rapidly. Tuwu, Sutariati and Suaib (2012)
indicated that calico cloth has the poorest
effects towards the viability of sorghum seeds
for the reason that packages made from this
material are air translucent; as a result, the
exchange between humidity and surrounding
air can easily occur.
Additionally, Irawan and Iwanuddin
(2019) reveal that calico cloth influences the
deterioration water level in Pometia pinnata seeds.
The seeds of cempaka wasian are assumed to
have a higher level of respiration. Suryanto
(2013) stated that calico cloth is a material that
has large pores so that it is easy for air to pass.
This condition causes the seeds to bind or
release water into the air easily. This matter can
be perceived through the utilization of calico
cloth as a means of storage preserved in all
three conservation rooms. Seeds preservation
through calico textile inside a room with
temperature 4o-21oC (room with air conditioner
and refrigerator) is generally competent to
affect the seeds feasibility compared with no air
conditioner room because of the temperature
and humidity stability factors.
This situation is comparable to Manglieta
glauca seeds retained in calico cloth inside
room temperature (25o-30oC), which has lower
germination capability than preservation inside
rooms with air-conditioner and DCS (Suita &
Darwo, 2015). Furthermore, Zanzibar (2011)
stated that points out that preserving Pinus
merkusii seeds in room temperature accelerate the
rate of seeds' decline. Nurisma, Agustiansyah
and Kamal (2015) added that high storage
temperature can trigger seeds respiration.
Refrigerators are considered as storage
rooms which are proficient at offering optimal
effects in storage techniques of cempaka wasian
seeds. Seeds packed inside a plastic container in
refrigerators significantly maintain the moisture
level due to their abilities to avoid greater seed
respirations. Purba, Sitepu, and Haryati (2013)
explain that respiration occurs because enzyme
activity in seeds is determined by moisture
content and high relative humidity. Likewise,
Taghfir, Anwar, and Kristanto (2018) express
that refrigerator temperature conduces enzyme
compound in the seeds become less active;
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hence the respiration process reduces. This
deterioration process results in the declension
activity of carbohydrate, protein, and seed fat
degradation; therefore seed water level relatively
unaltered. As Yuniarti and Nurhasybi (2015)
expressed that longer drying and preservation
will bring about changes in the viability
(moisture level and germination energy) and
biochemistry contents (fat, carbohydrate, and
protein) of Michelia campaca seeds on various
levels of drying and preserving method.
Further, Yuniarti and Djaman (2015) claimed
that low storage temperature reduces the speed
of seed respiration; hence the period of seed
preservation can be extended. Rahayu and
Widajati (2007) presented that maintenance of
seeds using plastics in refrigerator temperature
can endure seeds' vigour of caisim up to 15
weeks. Similarly, Kolo and Tefa (2016) explain
that in the cooler temperature respiration
develop slowly; thus, the seed viability and
vigour can be maintained extensively. Seed
quality is sustained by controlling the moisture
content during the preservation process inside
refrigerators (Lestari, 2019).
Irawan and Hidayah (2019) suggest that if
it is observed from the germination rapidity
parameter, the stowing condition inside an
air-conditioned room using plastic containers
is regarded as the ideal circumstance to
save cempaka wasian seeds for four weeks
(germination rate 85.33%). However, following
the findings of this study, it can be said that
the condition of the air-conditioned room
is insufficient to provide a significant impact
on germination energy when stored for 2‒5
months. This is due to plastic bags reserved in
an air-conditioned chamber adequately supply
the effect of optimal condition to cempaka
wasian seeds to grow when kept up to 4 weeks.
This can be examined from several seeds which
have developed in containers when stored
using this method. Therefore, in this particular
condition, seeds undergo rapid growth. On
the contrary, their germination energy will be
minimized if held in reserve for more than four
weeks because it has reached optimal condition
for the seed to develop.

Storage Techniques of Cempaka Wasian (Magnolia tsiampaca (Miq.) Dandy) Seeds.............................(Arif Irawan et al.)

IV. CONCLUSION
The cempaka wasian seeds are included in
the category of seeds that cannot be stored
for a long period. Proper storage technique
can extend shelf life and not affect its viability.
Cempaka wasian seeds can be stored using a
plastic container in the refrigerator. In such
conditions, cempaka wasian seeds can survive
their viability for up to 5 months (germination
rate 52%).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Appreciation is conveyed
to the of
Enviroment and Forestry Research and
Development Institute of Manado, Muchlis,
S.Hut.T, MP, the Manager of Permanent
Nursery of BPDASHL Tondano Kima Atas,
Heri Prayitno, S.Hut, and seedbed officers Eky
Kaeng and Opa (Agustinus Pangeke).
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