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The Realization of Adverb AeLy in English Sentences Masrul Huda Email: masrul.
huda@poltekba.
State Polytechnic of Balikpapan Abstract The objective of the study is to find the realization of Adverb -ly in sentences.
This study is descriptive qualitative which is carried out through the process of providing data, the data analysis stage, and the systematic stage of presenting the results of data analysis.
In the data analysis stage, the data that has been collected is sorted according to their respective categories and given further descriptions and explanations.
The result shows 1.
The position of the adverb Aely can be placed in three positions, the beginning of the sentence .
efore the subjec.
, the middle of the sentence .
efore the ver.
, and the end of the sentence .
fter the main claus.
Adverb Aely in a sentence can modify if it is in the form of a phrase, in the construction of comparative sentences, modifying 'however' to open a clause, modifying 'how' in an exclamation sentence, and modifying 'so' which is followed by the subject.
and clauses.
Based on its semantic meaning the adverb -ly can have several meanings: point of view, as an emphasizer, as a maximiser, as a booster, as a minimizer, and as instrument.
The research answers the realization of the adverb Aely can be in various places in English sentences, but the semantic meaning can be different.
The present study implicates on adverbs having distinct semantic orientations, which provides natural reference materials for teaching and learning English in the EFL context.
Keywords: Adverb.
Modifier.
Semantic Meaning.
EFL Context
INTRODUCTION
Communication is a tool for human for telling his/her feeling or thinking.
It becomes one important thing that cannot be separated for human life (Keraf, 1.
Language is used by human to communicate as an introduction.
The symbol systems, language, can be in the form of sounds or words.
these symbols become a form of idea, concept, or thought to be used in a communication because the symbols have meaning (Chaer, 2.
A language must have components which change dynamically.
those components are phonology, morphology, syntax, semantic, and pragmatic component.
In a morphology, part of speech such as Noun.
Adjective.
Verb, and Adverb has its definition, usage, and function.
The part of speech in a sentence stance as an important thing that influences the syntactic and the semantic things.
In general, the realization of an adverb in a sentence is a morphological formation of a root word -ly (Quirk & Greenbaum, 1.
The examples below show the meaning shifting of -ly.
The lion in the green forest walks naturally.
Naturally, the lion walks in the green forest.
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At the morphological process, the word 'naturally' in the two sentences undergoes a morphological process from the adjective natural -ly .
to 'naturally', but the position of the word and the meaning it gives will be different.
In the first sentence the word 'naturally' which functions as an adverbial in the sentence is located at the end of the sentence, while in the second sentence the word 'naturally' is located at the beginning of the sentence.
At first glance, there is no physical difference between the sentences, but the meaning of the two sentences is different.
The meaning of the word 'naturally' in the first sentence refers to 'a natural way of walking', while in the second sentence it means 'everyone knows that a lion can naturally walk'.
Other examples shown below:
The judge comments the X factor contestants bitterly.
ommenting scathingl.
The passengers bitterly regretted the departure.
assengers are very sorryA) Bitterly, the police punished the prisoners.
he police became fierce whenA) In the example above the word 'bitterly' has different meanings when in different positions, so syntactically and semantically, the word 'bitterly' has various meanings.
From the sentences above, the initial hypothesis is a word that comes from a derivational morphological process (A -l.
which has a different meaning if it is in a different position in a sentence.
Kridalaksana .
explains the concept of adverbs as words used to describe verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.
A more detailed explanation of adverbs is expressed by Thomson, and Martinet.
V .
who divides English adverbs based on their meanings, including .
adverbs of manner .
dverb of manner e.
quickly, happily, hard, et.
, .
adverbs of place .
dverb of place e.
here, there, everywhere, et.
, .
adverbs of time .
dverb of time e.
soon, today, et.
, .
adverbs of frequency .
dverb of frequency e.
twice, often, always, et.
, .
adverb of degree .
dverb of degree: e.
very, quite, hardly, et.
, .
interrogative adverb .
nterrogative adverb e.
when? where? why? et.
, and .
connecting adverb .
elative adverb e.
when? where? why? et.
Furthermore.
Wren and Martin's .
provide an additional explanation, namely dividing adverbs based on .
adverbs of affirmation .
dverb of affirmation of course, certainly, obviously, et.
, .
adverbs of negation e.
g no, not, never, et.
, .
adverbs of reason .
dverb of reason e.
hence, therefore, et.
, and .
adverbs of probability .
dverb of probability e.
perhaps, maybe, possibly, et.
Conceptualizing Adverb in the EFL Context Several studies related to the theme.
First Choderin .
in his thesis entitled "Adverbs in Arabic and English: Contrastive Analysis".
This study resulted in several points about the similarities and differences of adverbials in Arabic and English, namely .
the concept of complementary words in Arabic and English shows similarities, .
differences about adverbial forms in English at the word unit level, phrases, clauses, and their respective positions in sentences, .
differences in relation to the function and role of adverbials of the two languages and differences in the use of tense patterns in the sentence construction process.
Second.
Nur .
in her thesis entitled AuTime Adverbial Clauses in Indonesian and English: Contrastive Analysis.
This study resulted in differences and similarities between adverbial clauses of time in Indonesian and English in terms of form, meaning, function, and position.
The two studies have different Volume 21 Number 2 .
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points of view with the topic of this article because it only discusses adverbs of manner, while the scope of the two previous studies is more general, the drawback is that adverbs of manner are only discussed in general terms .
and only discuss the adverbial of time .
Moreover, the two studies discuss contrastively.
This research is unique in comparison to the two researches that have been discussed previously since it clarifies the position of adverb-ly and its meaning in Bahasa.
The significance of this study lies in the fact that it demonstrates how the meaning of the adverb "Aely" can change and is influenced by the context in which it appears.
METHOD
This is a descriptive qualitative study that is carried out through the process of supplying data, the stage of data analysis, and the stage of systematically presenting the outcomes of the data analysis based on Miles & Huberman qualitative data analysis technique.
Provision of data is done by library technique.
Library technique is a technique that uses written sources to obtain data.
What the authors did were searching for words and sentences containing adverbs Aely from literature studies such as books, journals, and articles.
After the data is collected, the next step is data analysis.
In the data analysis stage, the data that has been collected is sorted according to their respective categories and given further descriptions and explanations.
The meaning of the data .
entences containing the adverb -l.
is investigated by examining the sentence's context to determine its semantic meaning.
The meanings are then classified based on the categories.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
The Position of Adverb -ly in a declarative sentence.
A sentence is said to be declarative if it serves the purpose of making a statement.
This could be any kind of statement, ranging from significant overall information to insignificant A declarative sentence is the most common sort of sentence used in English communication, as opposed to interrogative sentences, exclamatory sentences, and imperative This is because a declarative statement simply states the truth.
In a declarative sentence, the adverbial suffix -ly can appear in a variety of places, some of which are illustrated by the examples that follow.
Beginning of sentence .
efore subjec.
Hurriedly, they do the essay for the final exam.
Mid-sentence .
efore the ver.
They hurriedly do the essay for the final exam.
End of sentence .
fter main claus.
They do the essay hurriedly for the final exam.
or They do the essay for the final exam hurriedly.
Based on the example sentence above, in general, the position of the adverb Aely in a sentence can occupy three positions, namely .
before the subject, .
before the lexical verb or if the sentence is a nominal sentence .
ndicated to have to be or auxiliary verb.
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located before the complement, and .
after the verb or after the object or after the complement.
Syntactically the three positions are acceptable.
Adverb Aely in a sentence can modify if it is in the form of a phrase.
Comparative sentence construction.
She speaks more slowly than her sister did last week.
Because the construction is a comparison sentence, there is a comparison marker.
English, comparison markers follow the words being compared (-as A -as for positive degrees, er and more for comparative degrees, and Aeest and most for superlative degree.
The characteristic of the comparative sentence is that it is always a verb sentence .
sentence that has a ver.
not in a noun sentence.
Because in a noun sentence, the thing being compared is a noun.
See sentence His score is higher than mine.
In the nominal sentence, adjectives are compared because they explain the head which is positioned as a verb.
Modify however to open a clause.
However bravely you accept the challenge, you ought to be aware to what happens around you.
Adverb Aely which generally explains verbs or adjectives.
In this sentence, it turns out that however can modify which is located as a conjunction.
But this cannot be realized in other conjunctions such as although, despite, inspired of, nevertheless, and others.
See sentence.
'Although perfectly she sang in the competition, she couldn't win the contest' The sentence becomes .
because it should be 'Although she perfectly sangA/Although she sang perfectlyA).
In that sentence, the adverb Aely which is placed after the conjunction .
ame as howeve.
becomes unacceptable, so the only modifiable conjunction is Modifying the 'how' in an exclamation sentence.
How carelessly he rides the car! In an exclamation sentence , the adverb Aely is located after the word how.
If you look closely, the use of adverbs is only in the word how because how itself is a word that indicates 'how'.
So, it is appropriate to explain the 'way' by using the adverb Aely.
In English, what can also be used as an exclamation sentence.
See sentence What a careless boy! Here there is a difference, namely the word what refers to a noun or word that is noun, because the reference 'what' is a noun, so the word used to explain is an adjective.
Modify the 'so' followed by the subject and clause.
So clearly does he speak that everyone pays attention to his speech.
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In this sentence, the adverb Aely is located after the word so and describes the word speak which after the word Aely is followed by does.
The use of the words does .
or subjects he, she, and i.
, do .
or subjects I, you, we, and the.
, and did .
or all types of subjects: I, you, he, she, we, they, and it ) is very common in the construction of this type of sentence.
The words do and does are used in the present time, while the words did in the past time.
These words serve as an explanation that the adverb Aely in the sentence is used to explain the verb after the subject.
Semantic Meaning Based on its semantic meaning the adverb Aely can have several meanings:
As a point of view Geographically and linguistically, these countries are close to Western countries.
Many of Rohingya communities are suffering, economically speaking, because of their racial Pay attention at politically, the problem gets worse.
All examples of adverb Aely that serve as a point of view will occupy the initial position.
Compare with the sentences below:
These countries are close to Western countries, geographically and linguistically.
'Those countries are close to western countries, geographically and linguistically.
The resulting semantic meaning will make the meaning of "point of view" unacceptable even though it is structurally .
So, the simple conclusion that can be drawn is that an adverb containing -ly which means 'point of view' should ideally be in the initial As an emphasizer To make it easier to understand the concept of the adverb Aely which acts as emphasis in a sentence, the writer divides it into two, namely Words that can be located for all predicates such as actually, certainly, simply, clearly, obviously, really, surely.
I actually don't know what he wants.
Her friends simply don't believe to her achievement.
Words that can only be joined with special words, such as honestly which can only be joined to sentences those express feelings, for example She honestly admirers to her idol.
Korean actor called Jung Bin.
In a sentence that contains the Aely element which functions as an emphasizer, it is located before the item being emphasized.
For example in the example I actually don't know what he wants.
The word comes before the phrase don't know because it serves to emphasize the word don't know.
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This is different when the word actually is placed at the beginning of a sentence such as Actually.
I don't know what he wants.
The intended meaning will be slightly different because it refers to I.
As a maximiser She can perfectly sing the pop song.
He fully admitted the judge decision.
The parents completely reject the engagement.
In the last example, there is a difference in meaning if the word 'completely' is placed at the end of 'The parents reject the engagement completely.
' .
trongly reject, in English it means = strongly rejec.
This indicates that the position can determine the meaning that is formed even though using the same word.
Other words that function the same as above are absolutely, entirely, thoroughly, utterly.
As a booster I badly need your help.
She deeply wants your coming.
Compare the two sentences below:
The boy wounded her deeply.
motionally hur.
The boy wounded her badly.
hysical injur.
So if viewed per lexicon formation, words such as badly and deeply, only function as a booster However, if it has been realized in a sentence, there will be a difference in the meaning of the As a minimizer He could hardly be described as an expert.
For the word hard in the adverb -ly there are several meanings because hard .
when added the suffix -ly there will be a difference in meaning with the meaning of hard itself.
The word 'hard' which means 'hard' when added with the suffix Aely as in the example above will change its meaning to 'difficult or difficult', for that in English the word 'hard' is an irregular adverb .
rregular adver.
so 'hard' .
remains 'hard' when it functions as an adverb which means 'hard', for example The students study hard for the last semester.
An adverb which means as a minimizer has a negative meaning, so when it is negated, the meaning will be positive, for example:
The lecturer didn't praise him slightly.
(Means exaggeratin.
Because some words that function as minimizers such as barely, hardly, and scarcely actually have a negative meaning.
So when it is negated, the meaning of the sentence will turn into This is the reason it is very rare to find these words in negative sentences.
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As an instrument The doctor treats the patient surgically.
The researchers do the research microscopically.
Adverb -ly which functions as an instrument has a different form from other adverbs -ly because these words have a root word as a noun to become an adjective and eventually become an adverb .
So, there are 2 morphological processes.
microscope Ae microscopical Ae microscopically surgeon - surgery Ae surgical Ae surgically Because the fundamental word must originate from a noun that takes the form of a tool, it is quite simple to spot sentences that have the intention of functioning as an instrument because of this need.
Discussion The adverbial suffix "-ly" in an English phrase is significant due to the fact that its job is to modify a particular component of speech.
The ideal form of an adverb is an adjective followed by the word "ly.
" As can be seen from the examples given earlier, the placement of the adverbial suffix "-ly" in English sentences has an effect on the semantic meaning of the adverbial suffix "ly" in the sentences.
Even though the placements are appropriate from a grammatical standpoint, the positioning of the elements must take into account the semantic meaning of the phrases.
The present investigation is particularly pertinent to the field of language instruction, and the findings can be implemented in classrooms because they are sensible from the perspectives of both students and instructors.
The author of this work investigates certain common patterns of usage in conversation in the hope of enlightening students of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) more or less in their use of Adverb-ly.
CONCLUSION
Based on the research, it shows 1.
The position of the adverb Aely can be placed in three positions: the beginning of the sentence .
efore the subjec.
, the middle of the sentence .
efore the ver.
, and the end of the sentence .
fter the main claus.
Adverb Aely in a sentence can modify if it is in the form of a phrase, namely in the construction of comparative sentences, modifying 'however' to open a clause, modifying 'how' in an exclamation sentence, and modifying 'so' which is followed by the subject.
and clauses.
Based on its semantic meaning the adverb -ly can have several meanings, namely point of view, as an emphasizer, as a maximiser, as a booster, as a minimizer, and as instrument.
The realization of the adverb Aely can be in three places, but the meaning can be different.
The research is done by considering the meaning of adverb Aely based on the location of it, not doing contrastive analysis as the previous researches done before.
Previous studies of adverbs have not made the semantic meaning, which is a significant component of linguistics, a primary focus of their investigation.
Discovering the concealed guidelines while at the same time locating the appropriate collocations (Biber, 1.
Some adverbs in the rich and diverse lexical environment that surrounds speech words have particular semantic prosodies.
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whereas other adverbs do not share regular patterns with one another.
In addition, it is essential that students compile a list of verbs that are frequently used and incorporate adverbs into semantic groupings in order to easily describe their feelings.
REFERENCES