Education Achievment: Journal of Science and Research Volume 6 Issue 3 November 2025 Journal Homepage:
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php/jsr The Non-Declinable Nouns in Surat al-Fath According to Abu Ishaq al-Zajjaj:
A Morphological Analysis Farhan Mubarok Lubis Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara Medan.
Indonesia Corresponding Author:
: farhanlubis@uinsu.
ABSTRACT
ARTICLE INFO
Article history:
Received 01 November 2025 Revised 05 December 2025 Accepted 27 December 2025 This study examines non declinable nouns in Surat al Fath through a morphological analysis based on Abu Ishaq al Zajjaj work Ma Yansarif wa Ma La Yansarif.
The research focuses on identifying non declinable nouns in the surah and explaining their morphological characteristics particularly their resistance to inflection across grammatical contexts.
Using a descriptive analytical method and library research this study analyzes the relevant verses and classifies the types of non declinable nouns found in Surat al Fath.
The findings show that non declinable nouns do not accept tanwin and are not marked with kasrah unless preceded by the definite article al.
Without al they take dammah in the nominative and fathah in both the accusative and genitive cases.
total of 137 non declinable forms appear across 29 verses of Surat al Fath including nouns adverbs and proper names.
Key Word Indefinite Nouns.
Surah Al-Fath.
Morphological Analysis Study How to cite https://pusdikra-publishing.
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0 International License INTRODUCTION There is no doubt that Arabic morphology .
is fundamentally based on the explanation of linguistic phenomena.
Causation .
represents the dominant characteristic of the scholarsAo methodological approach in their writings.
scarcely any of their works are devoid of this aspect.
This is because causes accompany most grammatical rulings in their view.
Indeed, it is often observed that grammarians may agree on a ruling while differing regarding its underlying cause.
The chapter on nouns that do not decline .
l-asmA al-mamnah min al-ar.
is considered one of the grammatical topics most closely and intrinsically connected to In fact, it is largely founded upon explanatory reasoning, as it seeks to clarify why certain nouns are prevented from declension while others are not.
The issue of non-declinable nouns has long been regarded as a linguistic phenomenon that attracted the attention of scholars, both classical and modern, due to the existence of differing opinions among those who support and defend it and those who reject or criticize it.
Education Achievment : Journal of Science and Research Volume 6 Issue 3 November 2025 Page 1201-1205 In the study of Arabic grammar and morphology, the examination of nondeclinable nouns emerges as an important subject that reflects a deep understanding of the rules of classical Arabic.
Ab IsuAq al-ZajjAj, one of the prominent grammarians in Islamic intellectual heritage, is among the scholars who made significant contributions to the understanding and analysis of these rules.
Srat al-Fatu is one of the chapters of the Holy QurAoan that contains a variety of nouns, some of which are characterized by their resistance to declension, unlike other nouns that change according to Arabic grammatical rules.
This morphologicalanalytical study aims to explore and interpret this linguistic phenomenon in Srat alFatu and to identify the nouns that remain morphologically fixed in all grammatical Through an objective and systematic analysis, al-ZajjAj elaborates on the morphological characteristics of these nouns and compares them with other nouns that change according to different grammatical contexts.
He highlights how these nouns are used in various contexts within the srah, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of the structure of the Arabic language as established by the great This research seeks to answer the following questions:
What is the reality of non-declinable nouns according to the grammarians? Which verses in Srat al-Fatu contain non-declinable nouns? What are the types of non-declinable nouns found in Srat al-Fatu? RESEARCH METHODE To achieve these objectives, this study is based on methods of data collection, organization, and analysis.
The researcher briefly explains each method as follows:
Data Collection Method:
The researcher adopts a library-based approach, collecting materials from classical grammatical and morphological sources relevant to the subject of the This includes direct and indirect quotation from reliable references.
Data Organization and Analysis Method:
The researcher employs the following methods:
The deductive method, which organizes material by deriving general conclusions from specific details, that is, from particular to general.
The inductive method, which organizes material by deriving conclusions from general principles to specific cases, that is, from general to particular.
Although the benefits of this research are primarily theoretical, it is hoped that it will enrich the educational corpus concerning non-declinable nouns found in the QurAoan, specifically in Srat al-Fatu.
This study may serve as a reference for other researchers and enhance learnersAo understanding of non-declinable nouns as an essential aspect of learning Arabic.
From a practical perspective, the results of this Education Achievment : Journal of Science and Research Volume 6 Issue 3 November 2025 Page 1201-1205 research may provide readers with a clear description of non-declinable nouns, enabling them to understand their types and functions especially those occurring in Srat al-Fatu thus preventing misunderstanding in future QurAoanic interpretation.
Furthermore, this research may assist students in learning the QurAoan more effectively, enabling them to comprehend its meanings and practice Islamic teachings properly in daily life.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
General Overview of Srat al-Fatu Srat al-Fatu is the forty-eighth chapter according to the arrangement of the UthmAnic muuaf and the one hundred and thirteenth in the chronological order of It was revealed after Srat al-aff and before Srat al-Tawbah.
The srah consists of twenty-nine verses.
Regarding the reason for its revelation, al-WAuid and Ibn IsuAq narrate on the authority of al-Miswar ibn Makhramah and MarwAn ibn al-akam that Srat al-Fatu was revealed between Mecca and Medina concerning the Treaty of al-udaybiyyah.
The Muslims were prevented from performing their ritual and were filled with sadness and grief, whereupon Allah revealed: AuIndeed.
We have given you a clear victory.
Ay The Messenger of Allah A Asaid: AuTonight, a verse has been revealed to me that is more beloved to me than the world and all that it contains,Ay and in another narration.
Aufrom its beginning to its end.
Ay The srah is considered Medinan according to the widely accepted definition that any revelation after the Hijrah is classified as Medinan, regardless of its place of It was revealed at a location known as KurA al-Ghamm, situated between Mecca and Medina.
Naming of the Srah The Companions referred to it as Srat al-Fatu.
In auu al-BukhAr, it is narrated from AbdullAh ibn Mughaffal that he saw the Prophet A Areciting Srat al-Fatu while riding his camel, reciting it in a gentle, melodious manner.
Another narration in the two auus reports that the srah was revealed during the events of al-udaybiyyah.
other name for this srah is known.
It was named so because it contains the glad tidings of the conquest of Mecca for the Prophet A Aand the believers.
Objectives of the Srah The srah encompasses several objectives, including:
It opens with glad tidings of a clear victory and divine support granted to the Prophet A Aand the believers.
It gives glad tidings to the believers regarding the positive outcome of the Treaty of al-udaybiyyah, describing it as a victory and a conquest.
Education Achievment : Journal of Science and Research Volume 6 Issue 3 November 2025 Page 1201-1205 It clarifies that Allah sent His Messenger Muuammad A Aas a witness, bearer of glad tidings, and warner, so that faith in Allah and His Messenger may be realized and truth and goodness may prevail through obedience to Him.
Al-BiqA notes that among the remarkable aspects of this srah is that it consists of twenty-nine verses and includes all twenty-nine letters of the Arabic alphabet in its final verse, a feature not found elsewhere except in a verse near the end of Srat Al ImrAn.
Meaning of Declension and Non-Declension According to Ab IsuAq al-ZajjAj Declension .
signifies completeness and full inflection.
Tanwn is a sign of full Al-ZajjAj explains the cause of tanwn in declinable nouns and the reason for its omission in non-declinable nouns, as well as the reason for the absence of genitive kasrah in such nouns.
A noun becomes non-declinable due to two secondary features that remove it from its original state of full inflection.
Types of Non-Declinable Nouns in Srat al-Fatu (Translated and organized faithfully from the original Arabic content.
Nouns ending with an alif exceeding three letters .
lif of femininit.
Such nouns are non-declinable whether definite or indefinite.
Examples in Srat al-Fatu include awfA .
, amA .
, ukhrA .
, taqwA .
, hudA .
, and kafA .
Nouns with an alif of femininity preceded by an extra alif These are also non-declinable in both definite and indefinite forms.
Examples include ashiddA and ruuamA in verse 29.
Nouns on the patterns mafAil and mafAl Such nouns are non-declinable because they are plural forms with patterns not found in the singular.
Examples include maghAnim .
15, 19, .
, qulb .
11, 12, 18, .
, rus .
, and jund .
4, .
Names of lands and places Examples include al-samAwAt wa al-ars .
4, 7, .
and Makkah .
Particles and indeclinable words not denoting persons, actions, or adverbs Such as inna, kAna, min, an, aw, idh, law, frequently occurring throughout the srah.
Ambiguous nouns .
l-asmA al-mubhama.
Such as demonstratives and relative pronouns: dhAlika, alladh, alladhna, occurring in multiple verses.
Ambiguous adverbs Such as idh, idhA, maa, thumma, qad, and others.
Education Achievment : Journal of Science and Research
Volume 6 Issue 3 November 2025
Page 1201-1205
CONCLUSION
The researcher concludes as follows:
Non-declinable nouns are those that do not accept tanwn and do not take kasrah in the genitive case.
They are raised with a single sammah and are accusative and genitive with a single fatuah, unless they are definite with al- or in an isAfah All twenty-nine verses of Srat al-Fatu contain non-declinable nouns.
The total number of non-declinable nouns in Srat al-Fatu is one hundred and thirty-seven .
, classified into eight categories:
Nouns ending with alif of femininity: 7
Nouns with an alif of femininity after an extra alif: 2
Particles: 35
Words named as adverbs: 10
Ambiguous nouns: 12
Ambiguous adverbs: 10
Nouns on mafAil and mafAl patterns: 12
Names of lands and places: 4
REFERENCES