JISHUM (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humanior.
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The Form and Meaning of Bima Deep Weaving Motif Culture in Bima Community of West Nusa Tenggara Irfan Hidayat*1.
Risyaf Kudus Pranasa2 1,2Universitas Bumigora.
Indonesia *E-mail: irfan.
hidayat@universitasbumigora.
id1, risyaf.
kudus@universitasbumigora.
Abstract Bima woven cloth is a superior product from Bima which has been passed down from generation to generation and is now being prepared to enter the industrialization stage to increase economic added This study aims to describe about cloth weaving typical West Nusa Tenggara Bima area includes .
history existence Bima weaving, and .
form and meaning of the motifs on the cloth weaving typical Bima area.
Study This use method descriptive qualitative, instrument in study This is researcher.
For strengthening research, researcher use guidelines observation, interview, and object study This is culture Rimpu in Bima district.
Data validation is done with adequacy referential and persistence observation.
Whereas technique deep data analysis study This is descriptive qualitative and use stages that is data collection, data presentation, and withdrawal Based on results weaving motif research culture the Bima community of West Nusa Tenggara, namely: .
Based on customary provisions, every woman who enters her teens must be skilled at doing Muna ro Medi, which is an activity of mothers to improve the welfare of family life.
These customary orders were obeyed by all Mbojo women until the 1960s.
From an early age, girls are guided and trained to become AuMa Loa Ro TingiAy .
killful and artisti.
Weaving Bima has four basic motives namely floral motifs samobo Which meaning A hope society, flower satako who became symbol personality somebody like sprig spreading flowers fragrant and beautiful in her life, flower kakado who have cue that position highest and top namely the Lord of the Universe Nature and flowers aruna Which contain the meaning of the 99 attributes of God, as creator always nature praised and worshiped by His servants.
Keywords: Weafing.
Motif.
Bima
INTRODUCTION
The word "Culture" originates from the Sanskrit word, buddhayah, which is form plural from buddi which means sense.
Culture can interpret as related matters with sense.
What when seen from its basic words, the word "culture" is compound from favor meaningful power Power from favor.
From understanding it is distinguished between meaningful culture Power from mind, which is form copyright, initiative, and taste (Heny, 2.
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EB Tylor (Soekanto, 2.
Culture is complex that includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom customs and other capabilities as well as habits acquired by humans as member society.
Culture is art, in its broadest sense culture that is the entire total of thoughts, works, and results work humans who don't rooted to his instincts, and which due That only Can triggered by humans after a learning process.
(Koentjaraningrat, 2.
Melville J.
Herskovits and Bronislaw Malinowski .
n Selo Seomarjan, 2.
stated that all something that exists in public determined by the culture that is owned by the community That alone.
Term for opinion That is CulturalDeterminism.
Herskovits looked on culture as something 13 down hereditary from One generation to another generation, later called as superorganic.
Sugiarti (Heny, 2.
defines in a manner simple that understanding culture in a broad sense is whole system ideas, actions and results work man in life acquired society through learn.
Cultural terms used for showing results physique work human, though results physique work man Actually No free from influence pattern thinking .
and patterns human behavior .
Culture as something system give understanding that culture created from results deep reflection and results repeated studies about something problems encountered human, so obtained something to consider right and good.
Whereas culture in a narrow sense can called with term culture or often called culture .
ulture, language Englis.
, which contain understanding whole system ideas and actions.
Understanding culture or the culture in question For mention values shared by a group of insiders think and act.
Like case with culture, culture as something system is also results repeated studies about something problems encountered human.
Weaving words originate from the word textere (Lati.
which means weave.
the word Then become base from within Language English textile and inner words Indonesian textiles.
Weave is process material raw from thread become object next weave called cloth weaving.
cloth terms weaving intended for differentiate various type fabric that the process of manufacture No with In a sense technology textiles something is called cloth knit, cloth felt, and so on (Ria, 2.
Budiyono .
explains that weaving is technique in making fabric made with simple principles hat is with combine thread in a manner lengthwise and transverse.
In other words, cross between thread warp and feed in a manner take turns.
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According to the Big Indonesian Dictionary .
, weaving is craft in the form of the material .
it is made of from yarn .
otton, silk, et.
with method enter feed in a manner transverse to the warp .
ool, too.
Thread feed is inserted thread across the thread warp when weave cloth, meanwhile thread warp That Alone is thread arranged weaving parallel .
and not move .
ound in both end.
Weave is weave threads weft .
arallel threads with wide clot.
on the threads warp .
arallel threads with long clot.
As for understanding weave is cross thread weft on the threads warp with method certain (Ria, 2.
Craft weave on each areas in Indonesia usually own different characters, one aspect the difference that is pattern on the cloth the weaving.
Every motif on weaving own form unique and have a different meaning for public local.
Bima Regency.
West Nusa Tenggara province is one of them area that has craft weaving with characteristics in particular.
Craft weaving is one from that's all still culture preserved by the people of Bima.
Activity weaving in Bima has been developed in a manner hereditary for the sake of its preservation, utilization weaving already very well known public is Rimpus, that is use sarong with wrap it around your head where is visible only face wearer with use sheath.
The usual sarong used is sarong stupid or what is commonly called Tembe nggoli.
RESEARCH METHOD
The type of research is qualitative research.
Research conducted in the area the city of Bima.
West Nusa Tenggara.
object this research is a craft weaving in the city of Bima.
West Nusa Tenggara.
The research procedure consists of observation, interviews, and documentation.
The type of data contains words and actions, written data sources, and documentation in the form of photographs.
Words and actions are obtained through observation and interviews which are the result of a combination of seeing, hearing and asking questions.
Written data sources are obtained from reading sources such as books, magazines, archives, and official documents.
Documentation data is used to complement data obtained from interviews and observations so that the data obtained becomes valid and complete.
Data collection is done by using techniques observation, interview, and In qualitative research, the research instrument is the researcher himself as a human JISHUM (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humanior.
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The process of data analysis begins by examining all available data from observations, interviews, and documentation.
Analysis is descriptive, interpret, and describe data systematically.
In analyzing the data collected during the research, researchers used several steps in analyzing the data including data collection, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
Bima Weaving or normal called weaving Mbojo is cloth weaving typical of Bima and Dompu.
West Nusa Tenggara (NTB).
Fabric made from thread cotton or the cotton own diverse bright colors and patterns typical sarong weaving hands.
For tribal peoples Mbojo, weaving is inheritance up culture now Keep going guarded.
Even part big inhabitant Woman ethnic group Mbojo Still pursue tradition weave inherited sheath in a manner down hereditary.
The weaving technique is also sufficient unique, that is use tool weaving traditional Gedogan who uses it with method held by si weaver with recumbent sitting position.
Bima weaving basically used the Bima community as fashion Rimpu which is one results culture the Bima community.
Generally, clan Woman use rimpu For close her nakedness as Islamic teachings teach that every clan woman who has aqil come back must close nakedness in front of people who are not his muhrim.
In the Bima community embodied with use rimpu as form his obedience to Allah SWT (Ayu, 2.
History of Bima Weaving Based on results Interview with Alan Malingi as head of the museum Asi Mbojo, based on provision custom, every woman entering age teenager must skilled do Muna ro Medi, which is activity clan Mother To use increase well-being life family.
Order custom the obeyed by all woman Mbojo until 1960 's.
Since age early children Woman guided and trained become weavers "Ma Loa Ro Tingi" .
killful and soulful ar.
When later Already become Mother House ladder capable increase wellbeing life family.
Success clan woman in increase quality and quantity results The weave is alluring merchant 's heart from various corners of the Archipelago.
They come to Bima and Dompu besides buy results nature and earth, also for buy results weave Mbojo like Tembe (Saron.
Sambolo (Desta.
and Weri (Bel.
As Maritime community, at the same time traders Mbojo sail to throughout the Archipelago sell goods merchandise, incl results weave like Tembe.
Sambolo and Weri.
According to notes JISHUM (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humanior.
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Negarakertagama, since the Kediri era around the 12th Century, traders Mbojo has intertwine connection trade with Java.
They come selling Horses, results earth and stuff merchandise other.
Same information said by Tome Pires (Portugues.
who came to Bima in 1573 AD.
From Tome Pires' full description Again long that, can concluded that at the beginning of the 16th Century AD, traders Mbojo Already role active in chess Nusantara trade, they sail to Java.
Malacca.
Maluku and even to China.
role as trader resilient roving, little capital but can interesting Lots profit.
Glory Muna ro Medi as one source income House ladder and society, start experience decline around 1960 's.
At that time activity Muna ro Medi start abandoned by the tribes woman.
Appreciation to results weave Mbojo like Tembe.
Sambolo and Weri increasingly reduced.
In daily life, amount the people who use it Tembe.
Sambolo and Weri Keep going slumped.
Society especially clan woman more love clothing materials and styles from outside, even proud when Western dress Bima Weaving Moti Depiction of this Bima regional motif No more from flowers and plants.
Absence picture animals and humans signify beliefs held at that time forbid for draw creature live.
It scared will appearance return old religious teachings.
Frequent motives used is as following:
Samobo Flower Motif Samobo It means a.
Generally form flower samobo consists from arrangement clumped leaves so that shaped eight sheet arranged leaves neat, shape This normal called gusu waru (Interview Yuyun Ahdiyanti, 28 March 2.
Symbol This meaning A hope society, where meaning This expected from wearer, so always have character glorious and always behave beautiful like fragrant a kuntum flower (YanYan Sunarya, 2.
Samobo flower or flower a kuntum give message that as creatures social man besides beneficial for himself, too beneficial for others, like a kuntum flowers that give a fragrant aroma for environment.
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Picture 1.
Samobo Flower Motif (Source: UKM Dina 2.
Cover color or cloth weave used generally is color base or Funds used is color red guava or Use color the meaning or own symbol from patience and fortitude as well as luxury from the person wearing it sarong the.
Cloth with combination colors like following earlier, reflect patient, steadfast and strong nature in undergo life or trials (Yan Yan Sunarya, 2.
Satako Flower Motif Satako flower is symbol personality somebody like sprig spreading flowers fragrant and beautiful in his life.
Personal like flower Satako will always spread kindness, spread fragrant, spread hospitality, fine in speech as well deeds (Interview with Alan Malingi, 14 April 2.
Picture 2.
Satako Flower Motif (Source: UKM Dina 2.
In cloth weaving which is applied, the most dominant color ie use pink color or Bako Fund own symbol for user cloth it in order to have strong and tough personality in undergo live and carry task.
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Whereas woven motifs ie use thread gold, if formerly thread gold only used by royalty and royalty Now thread gold Already Can used in a manner widespread depends with market demand without looked social class (Yan Yan Sunarya, 2.
Kakando Flower Motif Kakado flower is flower bamboo shoots which is a weaving motif the Bima community, which is woven resemble form triangle or Nggosu Tolu.
Please Alone is form of motifs that have corner taper, in section corner taper the own cue that position highest and top namely the Lord of the Universe nature.
Picture 3.
Kakando Flower Motif (Source: UKM Dina 2.
The colors used is color yellow .
and green .
which mean glory and prosperity (Interview with Alan Malingi, 14 April 2.
Use the most dominant color in general ie color black or called Dana Me'e.
Use color black usually woven by society The Dou Donggo which obeyed Dou Donggo Alone color black is color sacred, expose that use color black by society Dou Donggo done as form respect to environment nature has inherit source life and welfare (Yan Yan Sunarya, 2.
Aruna Flower Motif Arun flower This means pineapple flower which is where the pineapple flower is has 99 strands or scales.
it contain the meaning of the 99 attributes of God, as creator always nature praised and worshiped by His servants (Yan Yan Sunarya, 2.
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Figure 4.
Aruna Flower Motif (Source: UKM Dina 2.
The colors used in the motifs are color yellow, red guava, and green which has meaning glory, fortitude, and prosperity (Interview with Alan Malingi, 14 April 2.
The colors used for each the motive own different color.
Common colors used is colors base ie color red .
, yellow .
, red guava (Bak.
, green .
, blue .
, and black .
Colors the own meaning One harmonious unity ie glory, harmony, greatness, prosperity, peace, patience and fortitude (Yan Yan Sunarya, 2.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the Bima woven motif is a fairly simple weave.
Woven motifs that have been explained above, have character alone.
form on these motifs, make picture or contained visuals become mean, fine from colors, patterns and shapes as well as difference style picture or shape.
kindly No directly, even though the motifs are woven without exists philosophy base or provision the basis of that society you know, cloth weaving the still own mark aesthetic alone.
From the conclusion This explain, that importance science and knowledge about motive meaning of weaver earlier as guidelines in life or inheritance a must culture preserved.
If associated with reference existing theory, each motive has meaning harmony in life and respect as well as gratitude to Allah SWT as the God that is believed by the community surrounding.
Bima is one of them area with producer cloth weaving inherited tradition in a manner down hereditary, cloth the named cloth weaving Mbojo.
weave Already become obligation to society still Can income, but the weavers forget for bequeath knowledge knowledge about the meaning of the woven motif, then from That done study this is for knowledge about cloth weaving archipelago specifically cloth Bima weaving can more known and used guidelines for study next.
Information about definite motive JISHUM (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humanior.
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would be very helpful awaken return knowledge base about weave, which was before no conveyed by the weavers earlier.
As example when later sector tourist increases and camps woven men So one preferred destination _ so knowledge base weave the at least must start learned for later traveler outside or domestically can know cloth weaving Mbojo This as full cloth meaning.
REFERENCES