JOURNAL MIDWIFERY (JM)
Jurnal Jurusan Kebidanan.
Poltekkes Kemenkes Gorontalo P-ISSN .
E-ISSN .
8-523X)
http://jurnal.
id/index.
php/JM/index DOI: http://dx.
org/10.
52365/jm.
Results of Hearing and Vision Tests on Preschool Children at Kindergarten in 2022-2024 Ni Putu Listya Dewi1.
Ni Nyoman Budiani2.
Ni Nyoman Suindri3
1,2,3
Ministry of Health Polytechnic.
Denpasar.
Denpasar city.
Bali province.
Indonesia.
Email: listyadewi2306@gmail.
com1 , budiani.
n3@gmail.
com2 , ninyomansuindri@yahoo.
ABSTRACT
Hearing and Vision Tests are used to detect early hearing and vision disorders to find The purpose of the study was to determine the description of results of vision and hearing tests in preschool children at Dharma Wiweka Kindergarten in 2022-2024.
The type of descriptive research is a cross-sectional design using total sampling technique.
The study was conducted in March-May 2025 at Dharma Wiweka Kindergarten.
The total of samples was 355.
Secondary data collection used a data collection checklist.
Data analysis is form frequency distribution and percentage.
The results of the study showed that the characteristics the respondents were mostly 5 years old .
3%), proportion of gender was dominated by boys .
6%).
Preschool children showed the results of the vision examination showed .
1%) had normal vision, the results of the hearing examination .
2%) were There is an increasing trend in hearing and visual impairments detected in preschool Regular visual and hearing examinations, facilitated by the Denpasar City Health Office, have proven to be useful in detecting sensory disorders in children at an early stage.
Keywords: hearing test, preschool children, vision test A2025 Ni Putu Listya Dewi.
Ni Nyoman Budiani.
Ni Nyoman Suindri Under the licence CC BY-SA 4.
*Ni Putu Listya Dewi.
Ministry of Health Polytechnic.
Denpasar.
Denpasar city.
Bali province, and email listyadewii2306@gmail.
Ni Putu Listya Dewi1.
Ni Nyoman Budiani2.
Ni Nyoman Suindri3/ Journal Midwifery Vol.
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2, 2025 .
INTRODUCTION
Growth and development are two distinct vision impairment can have a significant but continuous processes.
Growth is a life (Suh et al.
, 2.
Normal hearing and measurable change in the body, including vision are crucial because they enable height, weight, and head circumference, children to receive, process, and respond recorded in a child's growth chart.
appropriately to environmental stimuli.
Development refers to the maturation of Children with good hearing and vision bodily organ function (Murtini et al.
function will find it easier to learn, speak.
The manifestation of a child's interact socially, and adapt to their growth and development occurs through a Conversely, untreated vision complex collaboration between internal and hearing impairments may lead to and external factors (Khayati et al.
, 2.
developmental delays.
Preschool According impact on social, emotional and cognitive World Health growth and development, encompassing Organization (WHO) on World Hearing Day 2024, more than 80% of global ear and hearing care needs remain unmet.
Untreated hearing loss causes annual losses of nearly US$1 trillion globally.
Ministry of Health data shows that 3 out of (Widiari et al.
, 2.
100 children aged 5 years have hearing Growth impacts the physical aspects, loss, meaning approximately 2.
6% of while development is related to the children have hearing loss.
According to maturation of each individual's organ data from the International Agency for the functions (Anggoro, 2.
Child health Prevention of Blindness in 2021, 165 comprehensively, comprehensively, and The 2023 Indonesian Health continuously because every child has the Survey (SKI) data recorded the prevalence right to live, grow, and develop and to be of visual impairment in the population protected from discrimination and violence aged 1 year and over at 0.
6%, while the (Dewi et al.
, 2.
prevalence of hearing impairment was Early detection of hearing and vision As many as 0.
4% of the population aged 1 year and over in Bali Province intervention, as untreated hearing and Ni Putu Listya Dewi1.
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The 2023 SKI data recorded appropriate stimulation ensure optimal 7% of the population aged 1 year growth and development (Hanifa et al.
and over in Indonesia used visual aids, and 1% used hearing aids.
This study was conducted at Dharma The prevalence of blindness in Bali is 1%.
Wiweka Kindergarten to evaluate the with cataract prevalence above the national possibility of developmental delays in preschool children, particularly in the approximately 38,914 Balinese people areas of hearing and vision.
Preventing This (JIPPNAS, has not been optimally and equitably Therefore, visual acuity tests (TDL) and Hearing screening data from hearing acuity tests (TDD) are important Sanglah General Hospital in Denpasar in instruments in identifying problems from 2018 showed that of 331 patients who an early age.
Visual acuity tests and underwent hearing screening, 35.
6% were hearing acuity tests are performed on each Most child to determine these conditions (Mnir sufferers were children aged 0-5 years et al.
, 2.
Based on a preliminary study (Dwi Cahya et al.
, 2.
While definitive Dharma Wiweka Kindergarten Addressing eye health issues in Bali impairment in Bali is not yet available, underwent TDL and TDD examinations early detection programs in schools have conducted by the South Denpasar IV been implemented to identify vision Community Health Center twice a year, in problems in children.
These programs aim February and August.
The test results indicated that two children aged 4-5 years importance of hearing and vision health had speech delays, two children aged 5-6 screenings for children.
years had speech delays, and one child Parents must pay attention to children's aged 6-7 years had speech delays.
growth and development from an early age Developmental disorders in children that because children are the nation's youth are left untreated can have detrimental who have the right to proper development.
Children with hearing and vision The golden age is a period when children are most in need of stimulation.
Children development, such as speech, language, who receive good, sufficient, and age- and cognitive development.
Children with Ni Putu Listya Dewi1.
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Dharma Wiweka Kindergarten in 2022- become more emotional, have difficulty The total sample size was 355 This study used non-probability self-confidence.
sampling with a total sampling technique.
These impairments can impact learning In this study, only one single variable was and academic achievement.
Obstacles to used, so descriptive statistical analysis was children's growth and development must used, namely frequency distribution and Data collection was carried out using secondary data, namely document (Purwati, 2.
observations of preschool children in Based on the explanation above, it is Observations were made on necessary to conduct research on the visual the results of hearing and vision screening and auditory test results for preschool tests in preschool children in 2022-2024.
children at Dharma Wiweka Kindergarten The in 2022-2024.
The purpose of this study is secondary data obtained from the results of to determine the visual and auditory test hearing and vision screening tests on results for preschool children at Dharma preschool children aged 5-6 years in 2022- Wiweka Kindergarten in 2022-2024.
2024, which were then recorded on a data collection checklist.
METHOD
This research is a quantitative study using RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS descriptive methods and a cross-sectional Result The subjects of this study were all Wiweka preschool children who underwent hearing Kindergarten from March 20 to April 21, and vision tests at Dharma Wiweka The population in this study was all Kindergarten between 2022 and 2024.
The preschool children at Dharma Wiweka researchers obtained 355 samples from the Kindergarten in 2022-2024, totaling 450 Denpasar City Health Office.
The sample The sample of this study was size, based on characteristics, is shown in every preschool child aged 5-6 years at This Dharma Ni Putu Listya Dewi1.
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Table 1.
Respondent Characteristics Based on Age and Gender of Preschool Children at Dharma Wiweka Kindergarten in 2022-2024 Characteristics Frequency .
Percentage (%) Preschool Age Children 5 years 6 years Gender Boy Girl Total Source: secondary data 2025 Based Univariate Analysis characteristics of the respondents were that Based on the research results, a sample most of the children were aged 5 years was considered normal if the child was .
3%) and a small number able to follow the instructions from the were aged 6 years .
7%),
three questions posed by the examiner.
with the proportion of gender dominated the child was unable or unwilling to follow by boys .
6%) compared to one or more of the three questions, it girls .
4%).
indicated a possible hearing impairment.
Table 2.
Frequency Distribution of Hearing Test Results in Preschool Children at Dharma Wiweka Kindergarten in Normal There is hearing loss Total Year Total Source: secondary data 2025 Based on the results of the 2022 study, the examination in 2022-2024 showed that results of the hearing examination showed 345 children .
2%) had normal hearing, that 112 children .
2%) had normal and only 10 children .
8%) had hearing hearing, and only 2 children .
8%) had hearing loss.
The results of the 2023 study Based on the research results, the sample showed that 115 children .
5%) had is said to be normal if the child is able to normal hearing, and only 3 children see the letters from the first line to the .
5%) had hearing loss.
In 2024, the third line on the AuEAy poster and the child results of the hearing examination showed can adjust the direction of the AuEAy card that 118 children .
9%) had normal held according to the direction of AuEAy to hearing, and only 5 children .
1%) had the third line pointed by the examiner.
hearing loss.
The results of the hearing the child is unable to observe up to the Ni Putu Listya Dewi1.
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third line on the AuEAy poster or is unable to means that the child has the possibility of adjust the direction of the AuEAy card held having a disturbance in his or her visual according to the direction of AuEAy to the third line pointed by the examiner, it Table 3.
Frequency Distribution of Visual Power in Preschool Children at Dharma Wiweka Kindergarten in 20222024 There is visual Normal Total Year Total Source: secondary data 2025 Based on the results of the 2022 study, the children .
2%), had normal hearing.
results of the visual examination showed Only 10 children .
8%) had hearing loss.
that 105 children .
1%) had normal In 2022, the annual review showed that vision, and 9 children .
9%) showed 112 children .
2%) had normal hearing, visual impairment.
The results of the 2023 while 2 children .
8%) had hearing loss.
study showed that the results of the visual In 2023, there was a slight increase in the examination showed that 111 children number of children with hearing loss, with .
1%) had normal vision, and 7 children 3 children .
5%) out of 118 children, .
9%) showed visual impairment.
The while 115 children .
5%) were in the results of the visual examination in 2024 normal category.
In 2024, there was showed that 111 children .
2%) had another increase, with 5 children .
1%) of normal vision, and 12 children .
the 123 children screened showing hearing showed visual impairment.
The results of These data indicate that, although the the visual examination in 2022-2024 percentage of children with normal hearing showed that 327 children .
1%) had continues to increase each year, there is a normal vision, and 28 children .
year-over-year upward trend in the number showed visual impairment.
of cases of hearing loss.
This demonstrates Discussion Hearing Test Results for Preschool screening for early detection of hearing Children Dharma Wiweka Kindergarten in 2022-2024 loss in preschool-aged children.
Hearing screening results indicate whether The results of the 2022-2024 hearing test a child's hearing is normal or shows signs showed that almost all respondents, 345 This Ni Putu Listya Dewi1.
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performed as an early detection tool to Rubella, determine whether a child has hearing Herpes simplex.
HIV.
Mumps.
Measles, problems that could impact language Lyme development, speech, and learning abilities secondary trauma .
oise-related, ototoxic (Suh et al.
, 2.
Various factors, such as substances, head traum.
, and anomalies in a child's stable health, no history of ear the structure of the middle and inner ear infections, good genetics, and parental (Nugraha et al.
, 2.
Schools' awareness support for verbal stimulation at home, can of conducting annual hearing screenings is This is because consistent Cytomegalovirus.
Syphilis, early detection allows for rapid and Although the proportion of children with appropriate follow-up.
This data can also normal hearing remains very high, the serve as a basis for schools and parents to increasing number of children with hearing pay more attention to children's ear health loss is a growing concern.
Various factors, and the importance of a noise-free learning parenting styles, the child's own health.
According to Yuliyani et al.
, 2024, the and parental support for verbal stimulation earlier a child's hearing loss is detected, at home, can influence this increase.
the sooner hearing habilitation efforts can Increased be carried out so that the child is able to noise, both at home and at school, can respond to sounds and communicate and is impact a child's hearing health.
According able to achieve the same level of language to the World Health Organization (WHO), ability as his/her peers.
the causes of hearing loss or deafness are Hearing screenings are useful for assessing congenital .
ereditary factor.
or acquired, a child's physical abilities and determining appearing after birth or during pregnancy, their readiness for formal education.
perinatally, or postnatally, including in Children who lack optimal hearing ability infants cared for in the NICU (Nugraha et will struggle to follow teacher instructions, , 2022 in Yuliyani et al.
, 2.
Early detection and intervention are crucial in minimizing the effects of hearing loss on a Therefore, the year- over-year increase in cases is an important Hearing loss in children can occur due to infections (Toxoplasma.
Ni Putu Listya Dewi1.
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promptly detect sensory impairments in Kindergarten in collaboration with the early childhood.
Denpasar City Health Office, are a The study conducted by (Norlita and strategic step in supporting children's Rizky, 2.
found that all parents should be aware of and pay attention to their Although the prevalence of hearing loss in this study was relatively low, attention is cognitive development, speech, language, still needed to address children who exhibit signs of hearing loss.
They should According to Rahardjo .
in (Mnir et receive follow-up examinations by a , 2.
, parental knowledge of child healthcare professional (ENT doctor or development significantly influences their audiologis.
to confirm the diagnosis and receive appropriate interventions, such as According to Sukadi .
in (Novitasari & Fauziddin, 2.
, auditory development The active involvement of parents and is a type of cognitive development, where teachers in recognizing early signs of hearing ability is closely related to the hearing loss is also crucial.
Changes in a sense of hearing and sound.
Children child's behavior in class, such as not primarily use auditory cognitive abilities responding to calls, having difficulty for learning activities.
In other words, children can easily receive stimuli through asking for repetition, can be strategically their auditory senses, commonly referred identified by teachers.
Conversely, parents to as ears.
Their ability to hear is should pay attention to signs of slower influenced by auditory abilities.
speech development compared to their The importance of early detection of peers, such as not responding to loud hearing loss is also emphasized by the sounds or not reacting when called.
World Health Organization (WHO, 2.
Thus, the results of this study indicate that which recommends that hearing screenings be conducted regularly during childhood, significantly contribute to optimizing child especially in school settings, to prevent growth and development and need to be long-term Regular continued and expanded, especially for preschool-aged children in other areas.
Wiweka With routine hearing screenings, such as Dharma Ni Putu Listya Dewi1.
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Ni Nyoman Suindri3/ Journal Midwifery Vol.
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those conducted at Dharma Wiweka should not be taken lightly.
This increase Kindergarten in collaboration with the in cases indicates that children's visual Denpasar City Health Office, children with behavior at home and at school requires potential hearing loss can be identified greater attention.
It is crucial for parents to This step is an effective preventive actively monitor their children's screen use measure to ensure the quality of children's habits and recognize early signs of visual overall growth and development.
impairment, such as squinting when Visual Acuity Preschool Test Children viewing distant objects, frequent rubbing.
Dharma or bringing their face closer to a book or Results Wiweka Kindergarten 2022-2024 More serious complications such The analysis results showed that the as amblyopia or lazy eye can be prevented majority of preschool children had normal with early detection and intervention vision, a total of 327 .
1%).
Meanwhile, (Saiyang et al.
, 2.
Visual impairments .
can potentially impact children's growth Looking and development, particularly in cognitive annually, in 2022, 9 children .
9%) out of aspects, fine motor skills, and learning In 2023, there was a slight Visual impairment in preschool children improvement, with only 7 children .
can impact delayed cognitive development out of 118 experiencing impairments.
and academic abilities later in life.
However, in 2024, a significant increase Therefore, was found, with 12 children .
8%) out of impairment is crucial and should be conducted regularly.
Visual acuity can be This increase in the last year affected by the use of digital devices, can be attributed to various factors, such as genetic conditions, and lack of outdoor activity (Cahyaningrum Gyta et al.
, 2.
childhood students, suboptimal lighting Furthermore, poor lighting design can during home learning, and a lack of regular eye examinations.
(Puspitasari et al.
, 2.
Although data generally shows a rise in the Children with visual impairments should proportion of children with normal vision not be ignored, even though the majority over the years and a predominance of of children have age-appropriate vision.
children with visual impairments, this Learning, fine motor development, social Ni Putu Listya Dewi1.
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skills, and self-confidence can be affected classroom lighting contribute to eye health (Kartini et al.
, 2.
If visual impairments are not Visual ability in preschool is a crucial addressed promptly, they can develop into aspect in supporting children's exploration more serious conditions, where the brain and learning processes.
Early childhood ignores signals from the affected eye due relies heavily on their sense of sight to to lack of early intervention.
Children with recognize shapes, colors, and letters, and visual impairments may have difficulty following visual instructions, recognizing impairments are not detected and treated objects, or observing the blackboard, early, children are at risk of experiencing which can impact their ability to learn and delays in language development, reading participate in group activities (Novitasari difficulties, and difficulties interacting Consequently, socially in the school environment.
Delays children identified should be referred to an in letter recognition, reading, writing, and understanding lessons can occur if visual examinations and possible treatment, such impairments are not promptly addressed.
as corrective eyewear.
These children's inability to respond One-way schools can help reduce the risk appropriately to visual stimuli can lead to a of visual impairment in students is by ultimately hinder social interaction and Fauziddin.
Increasing self-confidence, (Kristanto knowledge about how to maintain eye Diyono, 2.
health and prevent eye problems early on According to (Hamid et al.
, 2.
, the by adopting a healthy lifestyle, using quality of preschool children's vision is crucial to supporting their learning and implementing routines that support eye quality of life.
Quality vision is crucial for health is crucial for enhancing eye health children, especially very young children.
education programs.
Another factor that child's learning ability is significantly contributes to vision development is the affected by impaired vision caused by increased outdoor exercise among young refractive errors.
children (Cahyaningrum Gyta et al.
, 2.
Parents and teachers are crucial to paying Proper attention to their children's visual behavior both at home and at school.
If there are Ni Putu Listya Dewi1.
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early signs of vision problems, such as preschool children have normal vision.
frequent squinting, tilting the head when There was a trend of increasing visual looking, or bringing the face closer to impairment detected in preschool children books and screens, an eye examination at Dharma Wiweka Kindergarten from should be performed immediately.
Parents This indicates that the majority and teachers should be more educated of children have good visual function, but about eye health so they can create a positive home environment.
Routine visual delays due to visual impairments that have screenings in schools, such as those not been clinically detected.
Wiweka Children who receive abnormal test results Kindergarten in collaboration with the must inform their parents to encourage Denpasar City Health Office, are a very referral to a health facility.
Parents should appropriate preventative measure.
These immediately seek further examination at a regular examinations are expected not only health facility if they suspect their child is to detect vision problems early but also to exhibiting any signs of visual or hearing serve as the basis for follow-up, such as Parents should also reduce the use of electronic devices and increase Dharma adjustments in the child's learning.
outdoor activities that support the child's visual and auditory development.
Teachers CONCLUSION should always supervise children with According to the results of a study visual or hearing impairments during the learning process.
Dharma Wiweka Kindergarten in 20222024, it can be concluded that most preschool children at Dharma Wiweka Kindergarten have normal hearing.
There impairment detected in preschool children at Dharma Wiweka Kindergarten from These results indicate that the hearing screening program is effective in THANK YOU Praise and gratitude to God Almighty for His grace and blessings, enabling me to complete this thesis.
I express my deepest gratitude to all those who have assisted me in completing this thesis, especially my family, friends, and beloved partner.
I also extend my gratitude to my supervisor for his guidance and direction.
impairments at an early stage.
Most Ni Putu Listya Dewi1.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY