Buletin Al-Turas Vol.
26 No.
1 January 2020, pp.
Native Language Interference in Learning a Second Language Yasir Mubarok Universitas Pamulang Pamulang.
Indonesia yasirmubarok1@gmail.
Aruna Heli NurAoaisyah Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
Indonesia arunaheli88@gmail.
Abstract The purpose of the research is to identify and investigate grammatical errors of the theses which are written by studentsAo Department of English Literature at one of the State Universities.
Jakarta.
Indonesia.
The research approach is descriptive qualitative with descriptive analysis.
There are five theses that are used as data sources.
The data sources are the fourth chapter of the thesis that every chapter contains a conclusion and a suggestion.
The study uses a non-contrastive approach by Richards to error analysis.
Based on data sources, the authors found 84 errors, which can be divided into 17 types of grammatical errors.
There are 29.
80% of article errors, 11.
90% of punctuation errors, 8.
30% of unnecessary words, 6% of spelling errors, 8.
30% of spacing errors, 80% of subject-verb agreement errors, 6% of parallel structure errors, 1.
20% of word order errors, 4.
80% of plural errors, 1.
2% of word choice errors, 1.
2% of preposition errors, 3.
6% of missing words errors, 4.
8% of run-on sentence errors, 4.
8% of to infinitive errors, 1.
2% of passive voice errors, 1.
2% of capitalization errors, and 1.
2% of auxiliaries errors.
The results indicate that students make common grammatical errors encouraged or influenced by their first language (L.
Keywords: writing.
grammatical errors.
English Doi: 10.
15408/bat.
| 173
Yasir Mubarok.
Aruna Heli NurAoaisyah.
Native Language Interference A Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menyelidiki kesalahan tata bahasa dalam skripsi yang ditulis oleh mahasiswa jurusan Sastra Inggris di salah satu Universitas Negeri, di Jakarta.
Indonesia.
Pendekatan dalam penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif.
Ada lima tesis yang digunakan sebagai sumber data.
Sumber data tersebut adalah bab keempat dari skripsi tersebut dimana dalam bab ini berisikan kesimpulan dan saran.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan a non-contrastive dari Richards untuk menganalisis Berdasarkan sumber data, penulis menemukan 84 kesalahan, yang dapat dibagi menjadi 17 jenis kesalahan tata bahasa.
Ada 29,80% kesalahan artikel .
, 11,90% kesalahan punctuation .
anda bac.
, 8,30% dari kata-kata yang tidak perlu .
nnecessary word.
, 6% kesalahan ejaan .
pelling error.
, 8,30% kesalahan spasi .
pacing error.
, 4,80% kesalahan subject-verb agreement, 6% kesalahan struktur paralel .
arallel structur.
, 1,20% kesalahan urutan kata .
ord orde.
, 4,80% kesalahan jamak .
, 1,2% kesalahan pilihan kata .
ord choic.
, 1,2% kesalahan preposisi .
, 3,6% dari kesalahan kata yang hilang .
issing word.
, 4,8% dari kesalahan .
un-on sentenc.
, 4,8% dari kesalahan infinitif .
o infinitiv.
, 1,2% dari kesalahan kalimat pasif .
assive voic.
, 1,2% dari kesalahan kapitalisasi .
, dan 1,2% kesalahan auxiliaries.
Hasil menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa membuat kesalahan tata bahasa umum dipengaruhi oleh bahasa pertama (L.
Kata kunci: penulisan.
kesalahan tata bahasa.
Bahasa Inggris
AEIEAA
AEI E II NN E NO EEA I E EIOO AO E EEIO EO EN EA
A O OI N EA.
A uIOIOOA-A EAUACI EE uEIEOO O N AO uO I EEOIOA A OA.
A NIE I O I EIA EOIA.
AEIIN EIOO EOAAO I EEOE EOAAOA
A O IA.
AIA EOI NO E E II E EEIU EO o EO I OCA A OAUA O I U EO IA EOIA.
ANN E IC O IIC II O EEOE NA
A IIA29.
80 A O NIEA.
A II E EIOOA
U A IOA17 A OEO OIEI COIN uEOAUA A84 AEIEAOIA A II EA6 UA II eI O EOOA8.
30 UA II EI ECOIA11.
90 UA EICEA
A AUA IO IOOA6 UA AC EAEA4.
80 UA EA 8U30 UAuEIEOA A IIA1.
2 UA II O eIA1.
2 U)A (EIA4.
80 A EIAU1.
20 AO eIA A II EA4.
8 UA II IE EIEA4.
8 UA II eI EIACOA3.
6 UA OA EA
A OAUA II EE EA EEOA1.
2 A OAUA II E EAOO EEOA1.
2 A OAUAEEINOA
A O N EI I EE EOI OEOI IOO OOIA.
A II E EIA 1.
(L.
AENI EOEOA
A EEu E EIOOu EE EIEOOA:AeI EOOA Buletin Al-Turas Vol.
26 No.
1 January 2020, pp.
INTRODUCTION
English is a foreign language that has long been rooted in Indonesia.
Indonesian students have studied English from elementary school to university.
Although Indonesian students have experienced a long-term learning process, they lean to still make errors, especially in written form.
Generally, one of the skills in English is writing.
In the writing, students must apply some featuresAo language, for instance, vocabulary, grammar, general knowledge, etc.
Writing also considered very substantially in each university curriculum, especially in the English department.
Because this subject can be seen as tools for critical thinking and for language development.
Most subjects depend on writing, so writing is the most important for example, writing reports, essays, theses, and so on.
Besides, writing can grow the student's skills in obtaining the necessary strategies such as to present data, analyze, and conclude dataAos study (Bacha, 2.
Lado claims that students who learn foreign languages (Englis.
will find some features quite easy and difficult.
When elements are similar to their mother tongue, it will be simple for them.
Then, the elements are different from their native language, it will be difficult (Kramsch , 2.
Related to this research, there is a current study that deals with the analysis of grammatical errors.
Previous research was first carried out by Suzanne (Suzanne, 2.
her research found that grammatical errors were deeply affected by the speakersAo first SuzanneAos research was conducted to recognize prepositional errors made by learners while speaking English.
In another research, the research was conducted by Aziz (Aziz, 2.
In the research, the researcher is to identify presentersAo utterances as the object of the research.
However, most studies analyze grammatical errors made by learners in spoken language.
Furthermore, many studies that have been investigated regarding errors in grammar have been carried out such as (Febriyanti & Sundari, 2016.
Heryanti et al.
, 2017.
Sanu.
Sukarno, 2.
Generally, the studies are more viewed from the perspective of essays and narrative paragraph writing.
On the other hand, this research focuses on grammatical errors, especially in the published theses.
Because research that examines grammatical errors in the thesis is still rarely found.
So, this research will be concentrated on errors in the published theses.
There some reasons why we choose it, for instance, first.
From four English skills like reading, speaking, listening, and writing, writing is the most difficult skill in English (Irawati, 2015.
Nunan, 1989.
Phuket & Othman, 2015.
Sermsook et al.
, 2017.
Shahhoseiny, 2.
As stated by Hague (Hague, 2.
that Academic writing requires certain skills such as sentence structure, organization, grammar, punctuation, and so on.
She also believes that excellent writing includes planning, reasoning, writing, and modifying because excellent writing is more than just "to talk" on a blank of paper.
The second reason is the translation process.
The translation is also a cause of the error.
This often happens when the student's first language is translated into the target language.
It is in line with what was found by Hasyim (Hasyim, 2.
The third reason is that the bridge between the reader and the writer is writing.
If the authors can express their ideas clearly and precisely, then it can be a beneficial communication to provide some facts to the reader.
So that readers are able to comprehend it without confusion and ambiguity due to grammatical errors.
As Norrish said .
s cited in (Khansir, 2.
), "an error as a systematic deviation that occurs when a student has not learned something and consistently get.
it wrong.
" The fourth reason is that spelling and grammar errors are able to weaken the trustworthiness and authority of | 175 Yasir Mubarok.
Aruna Heli NurAoaisyah.
Native Language Interference A the theses.
So that, it ruined the whole value of the theses.
This is based on Beede and Mulnix (Beede & Mulnix, 2.
findings that grammar and spelling error rates carry on in digital news.
Grammar and spelling errors can also undermine news sources' credibility and authority.
Finally, it can damage the value of the media brand.
METHOD
Generally, the aim of the research is to find, to categorize, and to fix the grammatical errors of the theses which are written by studentsAo Department of English Literature.
State Universities in Jakarta.
Indonesia, based on common grammatical rules.
There are five theses that are used as data sources.
The data sources are the fourth chapter of the thesis that every chapter contains a conclusion and a suggestion.
Then the data were investigated using descriptive methods.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
As mentioned above, this research focuses on grammatical errors that are generally done by students in a thesis.
Based on the scope of the study, grammatical errors are Thus, it found from the studentsAo writing in theses published that are still various grammatical errors.
Based on data sources, the author found 84 errors, which can be divided into 17 types of grammatical errors.
Here is the errorsAo chart made by the The Percentage of Errors 3,60% 1,20% 4,80% 4,80% 1,20% 1,20% 1,20% 29,80% 1,20% 4,80% 11,90% 8,30% 4,80% 8,30% Articles Punctuations Unnecessary Words Spelling Spacing Subject-Ver Agreement Parallel Structure Word Order Plurality Word Choice Prepositions Missing Words Run-On Sentence To Infinitive Passive Voice Auxiliaries Figure 1.
Errors Made by Students Figure 1 is the result of grammatical errors from five theses that used as the data.
There are 29.
80% of article errors, 11.
90% of punctuation errors, 8.
30% of unnecessary words, 6% of spelling errors, 8.
30% of spacing errors, 4.
80% of subject-verb agreement errors, 6% of parallel structure errors, 1.
20% of word order errors, 4.
80% of plural errors, 2% of word choice errors, 1.
2% of preposition errors, 3.
6% of missing words errors.
Buletin Al-Turas Vol.
26 No.
1 January 2020, pp.
8% of run-on sentence errors, 4.
8% of to infinitive errors, 1.
2% of passive voice errors, 2% of capitalization errors, and 1.
2% of auxiliaries errors.
The first thesis was written by Taufik (Taufik, 2.
titled AuThe Illocutionary Acts in Fast & Furious 7 MovieAy.
In this thesis, we can find two article errors, one parallel structure error, one-word order error, two spelling errors, two punctuation errors, one subject-verb agreement error, one plurality error, four unnecessary words, and one preposition error.
The second thesis is titled AuThe Translation Strategy of Slang Expression in Comic Entitled The PunisherAy by Santika (Santika, 2.
This Thesis contains eight article errors, two punctuation errors, two missing words, one plurality error, one run-on sentence, one to infinitive error, two subject-verb agreement errors, and one spelling error.
The third thesis was written by Fachrizal (Fachrizal, 2.
titled AuThe Translation Strategy of Idiomatic Expression in English Indonesian Subtitle of The Infiltrator Movie.
Ay There are two unnecessary words, four punctuation errors, three article errors, one to infinitive error, and two plurality errors.
The fourth thesis is titled AuCompensation Strategy of Idiom Translation in Novel AuThe Runaway Juri (Juri Piliha.
Ay by Putra (Putra, 2.
In this thesis, we will find ten article errors, four parallel structure errors, three spacing errors, three run-on sentences, one missing word, two punctuation errors, and one subject-verb agreement error.
AuMaterial Cultural Words Translation Procedure and Meaning Equivalence in The Revenant Novel by Michael PunkeAy by Nuraini (Nuraini, 2.
is the last thesis of data sources.
The thesis contains one capitalization error, two spelling errors, one article error, one unnecessary word, one passive voice error, three spacing errors, one auxiliaries error, and one to infinitive error.
The errors are categorized into 17 types of grammatical errors.
Here are the details and the corrections of the errors.
Articles The first type of grammatical error is articles.
There are 25 errors of 84 errors.
Here are the errors from the data.
Table 1.
Article Errors Error AuThe purpose of this research is to describe the types of illocutionary acts in the dialogues of movieAAy Correction AuThe purpose of this research is to describe the types of illocutionary acts in the dilagoues of the movieAAy AuThe researcher finds the four types of slang expression in the SL but informality and intimacyAAy.
AuThe researcher finds the four types of the slang expression in the SL but informality and intimacyAAy.
AuThe researcher also concludes from the three strategies in translating slang expressionAy.
AuThe researcher also concludes from the three strategies in translating the slang expressionAy.
From table 1, we can see the errors and the possible corrections based on the basic rules of grammar.
In grammatical rules, a noun must be followed by a suitable article before the noun itself.
In this case, the errors contain the lack of articles and the inexact Punctuations The second type is the punctuations.
There are ten errors of 84 errors.
Here are the errors from the data.
| 177
Yasir Mubarok.
Aruna Heli NurAoaisyah.
Native Language Interference A Table 2.
Punctuation Errors Error AuIn this analysis the writer concluded that there are nineteen data of illocutionary acts AAy.
Correction AuIn this analysis, the writer concluded that there are nineteen data of illocutionary acts AAy.
AuAnd it is also expected to do analyses in the AuAnd it is also expected to do analyses in the different objects, such .
as newspaper, advertisement, twitter statusAAy.
advertisement, twitter statusAAy.
AuThe researcher finds the four types of slang AuThe researcher finds the four types of slang expression in the SL but informality and intimacy expression in the SL, but informality and intimacy are AAy.
areAAy.
AuTherefore, the researcher suggest for the AuTherefore, the researcher suggest for the translator to widen the knowledge about slang translator to widen the knowledge about slang expression, including the meaning and the function expression .
including the meaning and the AAy.
functionAAy.
AuFrom this study the researcher concludes AAy.
AuFrom this study, the researcher concludes AAy.
The errors that shown in the table are punctuation errors.
Some errors are mostly about lack of punctuations after the OP .
bject of prepositio.
and before the conjunctions.
Another problem of the error is the use of a punctuation before present participle.
Unnecessary words The third type of error is unnecessary words.
There are seven errors of 84 errors.
Here are the errors.
Table 3.
Unnecessary Words Error Correction AuThe first, for the students who are interested in Au.
First.
A / Firstly, for the students studying speech acts especially the illocutionary who are interested in studying speech acts AAy.
actsAAy.
AuAnd it is also expected to do analyses in the advertisement, twitter statusAAy.
Au.
It is also expected to do analyses in the such as:
advertisement, twitter statusAAy.
AuAfter analyzing the data and based on the AuAfter analyzing the data .
based on the research findingsAAy.
research findingsAAy.
AuThe AuThe equivalence which was most collected in the equivalence .
was most collected in the movieAy.
AuThis indicates that the translator is capable to transfer the those words into target language with good cultural substitutionAy.
movieAy.
AuThis indicates that the translator is capable to transfer .
those words into target language with good cultural substitutionAy.
From all of the errors, there are words Ae includes conjunction - that unnecessary or unneeded to place in the form of the sentence.
Spelling The fourth type of error is spelling errors.
There are five among 84 of spelling errors from all of the data.
The errors are listed in table four.
Buletin Al-Turas Vol.
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1 January 2020, pp.
Table 4.
Spelling Errors Error Correction AuThe writer has explained in the theoritical framework AAy.
AuThe writer has explained in the theoretical framework AAy.
AuIn this analysis the writer concluded that there are nineteen data of illocutionary acts which is used by characters in fast farious 7 movieAAy.
AuIn this analysis the writer concluded that there are nineteen data of illocutionary acts which is used by characters in fast and furious 7 movieAAy.
AuSuccessful understanding means succesful Newmark and Nida and TaberAos meaning AuSuccessful understanding means successful translationAy.
AuAin the previous chapter, the researcher has analyzed the data using translation procedure theory offered by Peter Newmark and Nida and TaberAos meaning equivalenceAy.
equivalenceAy.
AuThe other procedures such as functional equivalent, synomymy, and notes are probably applied due to the target languageAAy.
AuThe other procedures such as functional equivalent, synonymy, and notes are probably applied due to the target languageAAy.
translationAy.
AuAthe researcher has analzyed the data using translation procedure theory offered by Peter Those words are identified as spelling errors because the words are written incorrectly.
Spacing The fifth type of error is spacing.
Based on the data, we can find seven errors of 84 errors.
Here are the errors listed in table 5.
Table 5.
Spacing Errors Error Correction AuThe translator cannot use literal translation AuThe translator cannot use literal translation because the result will be unacceptable andcan damage a whole story of the novelAy.
AuCompensation strategy can assist the translator to comprehendthe meaning of the idiom, so that the reader can understand the plot of the novelAy.
because the result will be unacceptable and.
dd a spac.
can damage a whole story of the novelAy.
AuCompensation strategy can assist the translator to comprehend .
dd a spac.
the meaning of the idiom, so that the reader can understand the plot of the novelAy.
AuLearning culture of SL is the one solution to solve any constraints that will be found doing translation, except using the strategies that have many types choosen by the translator appropriating to the need and the constraint that he findsAy.
AuFor the students this research can be the new reference if they want to conduct research about compensation strategy.
For the government the writer suggests to equip more books about translation, especially translation strategy bookAy.
AuFurthermore, the procedure of transference and naturalization are considerably occur due to translatorAos decision to maintain the value contained within the word by preserving or using loan wordAy.
AuLearning culture of SL is the one solution to solve any constraints that will be found doing translation, except using the strategies that have many types choosen by the translator appropriating to the .
eleted a spac.
need and the constraint that he findsAy.
AuFor the students this research can be the new reference if they want to conduct research about compensation strategy .
dd a spac.
For the government the writer suggests to equip more books about translation, especially translation strategy bookAy.
AuFurthermore, the procedure of transference and naturalization are .
eleted a spac.
considerably occur due to translatorAos decision to maintain the value contained within the word by preserving or using loan wordAy.
By seeing the table, the author found an extra spacing and a lack of spacing in the form of the sentences.
| 179
Yasir Mubarok.
Aruna Heli NurAoaisyah.
Native Language Interference A Subject-Verb Agreement The sixth type of error is the subject-verb agreement.
The errors of this type are found about four errors of 84 errors.
Here are the errors listed on the table.
Table 6.
Subject-Verb Agreement Errors Error Correction AuIn this analysis the writer concluded that there are nineteen data of illocutionary acts which is used by characters in fast farious 7 movieAAy.
AuIn this analysis the writer concluded that there are nineteen data of illocutionary acts which are used by characters in fast farious 7 movieAAy.
AuTherefore, the researcher suggest for the translator to widen the knowledge about slang expressionAAy.
AuTherefore, the researcher suggests for the translator to widen the knowledge about slang expressionAAy.
AuSince the slang expression will always changing over the time, the researcher also suggest to keep update AAy.
AuSince the slang expression will always changing over the time, the researcher also suggests to keep update AAy.
AuThis thing can assist the translator or the people who wants to be a translator AAy.
AuThis thing can assist the translator or the people who want to be a translatorAAy.
The errors are identified as subject-verb agreement errors because the subjects and the verbs are not balance.
The plural subject must have the plural verb, and the singular subject must have the singular verb.
Parallel Structure The seventh type of errors based on the data is parallel structure.
There are five errors of 84 errors, and here are the parallel structure errors, including in the data.
Table 7.
Parallel Structure Errors Error AuThe purpose of this research is to describe the types of illocutionary acts in the dialogues of movie, find the kinds of direct and indirect speech acts, and understand the meaning of illocutionary acts used in the dialogues movieAy.
Correction AuThe purpose of this research is to describe the types of illocutionary acts in the dialogues of movie, to find the kinds of direct and indirect speech acts, and to understand the meaning of illocutionary acts used in the dialogues movieAy.
AuIdiom has own rule and need strategy if someone wants to translate itAy.
AuIdiom has own rule and needs strategy if someone wants to translate itAy.
AuMany constraints that can be found by the translator when he tries to translate text or book that contains such as cultures element, idioms, and terms that difficult to translate if the translator does not know about situation, condition, and culture itself in SLAy.
AuMany constraints that can be found by the translator when he tries to translate text or book that contains such as culture elements, idioms, and terms that difficult to translate if the translator does not know about situation, condition, and culture itself in SLAy.
The errors are caused by the unbalance of the parallel structure between the types of words, phrases, or sentences.
Word Order The eighth type of errors is called word order.
There is one error of 84 errors that can be found.
Buletin Al-Turas Vol.
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Table 8.
Word Order Error AuThe purpose of this research is to describe the types of illocutionary acts in the dialogues of movie, find the kinds of direct and indirect speech acts, and understand the meaning of illocutionary acts used in the dialogues movieAy.
Correction AuThe purpose of this research is to describe the types of illocutionary acts in the dialogues of movie, find the kinds of direct and indirect speech acts, and understand the meaning of illocutionary acts used in the movieAos dialogues.
/A in the dialogues of the movieAy.
A simple error might be occurred because of the lack of some words such as Plurality On this type of error, we will find four errors of 84 errors.
The errors occur because of the uncertain nominal of something written in words or sentences.
Table 9.
Plurality Errors Error Correction AuMoreover, the writer also analyzed direct & indirect speech act and the functions of illocutionary acts according to how they relate to the social goal of establishing and maintaining comityAy.
AuMoreover, the writer also analyzed direct & indirect acts and the functions of illocutionary acts according to how they relate to the social goal of establishing and maintaining comityAy.
AuHowever, in translation, the researcher finds out all slang expression has no direct lexical meaning and it causes the translation are using daily used word or colloquialAy.
AuThe researcher was only found three out of four idiomatic translation strategy that used to translating the idiom which were translation by paraphrase, translation by using similar meaning and form and translation by using similar meaning but dissimilar formAy.
AuHowever, in translation, the researcher finds out all slang expressions has no direct lexical meaning and it causes the translation are using daily used word or colloquialAy.
(It can be used when the author means to use the plura.
AuThe researcher was only found three out of four idiomatic translation strategies that used to translating the idiom which were translation by paraphrase, translation by using similar meaning and form and translation by using similar meaning but dissimilar formAy.
AuFor college student who are interested in idiomatic translation, from this current study the researcher hopes that the study can help others student who want to do a research in the field of idiomatic translationAy.
AuFor college students who are interested in idiomatic translation, from this current study the researcher hopes that the study can help others student who want to do a research in the field of idiomatic translationAy.
In those errors, the nouns are served with singular nouns.
Word Choice There is one error of 84 errors include as this error type.
The errors happen when there are inapposite words used in the form of sentences.
Table 10.
Word Choice Error AuAnd the politeness here took a more positive from seeking opportunities from comity in order to make a pleasure relationshipAy.
Correction AuAnd the politeness here took a more positive from seeking opportunities from comity in order to make a pleasant relationshipAy.
In this case, a word AupleasureAy seems inapposite for being an adjective of relationship.
| 181
Yasir Mubarok.
Aruna Heli NurAoaisyah.
Native Language Interference A Prepositions The eleventh type of data errors is prepositions.
The is only one error of 84 errors from the data sources.
The error is caused because of the unrelated preposition in a grammatical form.
The error is listed on table 11.
Table 11.
Preposition Errors Error AuAfter analyzing data, the writer has some suggestions to anyone who wants to make the same analysis as the writerAy.
Correction AuAfter analyzing data, the writer has some suggestions for anyone who wants to make the same analysis as the writerAy.
From this error.
AutoAy and AuforAy are prepositions.
The preposition AutoAy is followed by the verb and AuforAy is followed by the noun.
Missing Words On missing words, there are three errors of 84 errors that can be found.
This error happens when there are unwritten words Ae include conjunctions and prepositions Ae in the form of the phrase or the sentence.
The errors are listed on table 12.
Table 12.
Missing words Error AuHowever, in translation, the researcher finds out all slang expression has no direct lexical meaning and it causes the translation are using daily used word or colloquialAy.
Correction AuHowever, in translation, the researcher finds out .
all slang expression has no direct lexical meaning and it causes the translation are using daily used word or colloquialAy.
AuHowever, in translation, the researcher finds out all slang expression has no direct lexical meaning and it causes the translation are using daily used word or colloquialAy.
AuLearning culture of SL is the one solution to solve any constraints that will be found doing translation, except using the strategies that have many types choosen by the translator appropriating to the need and the constraint that he findsAy.
AuHowever, in translation, the researcher finds out all .
slang expression has no direct lexical meaning and it causes the translation are using daily used word or colloquialAy.
AuLearning culture of SL is the one solution to solve any constraints that will be found .
doing translation, except using the strategies that have many types choosen by the translator appropriating to the need and the constraint that he findsAy.
Run-On Sentence On this type of error, there are four errors of 84 errors from the data sources.
RunOn Sentence can be identified when there are more two sentences which are combined Here are the errors.
Table 13.
Run-On Sentence Errors Error AuHowever, the literal translation is not suitable in translating slang expression because the fact that slang expression does not always have direct lexical meaning in TL will lead reader to misunderstanding or not getting the exact intention of SLAos authorAy.
Correction AuHowever, the literal translation is not suitable in translating slang expression because the fact that slang expression does not always have direct lexical meaning in TL.
It will lead reader to misunderstanding or not getting the exact intention of SLAos authorAy.
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AuMany constraints that can be found by the translator when he tries to translate text or book that contains such as cultures element, idioms, and terms that difficult to translate if the translator does not know about situation, condition, and culture itself in SLAy.
AuMany constraints .
can be found by the translator when he tries to translate text or book that contains such as cultures element, idioms, and terms.
It will difficult to translate if the translator does not know about situation, condition, and culture itself in SLAy.
AuFrom the whole of this research, the writer suggests the general translator to learn deeper about anything related to culture in SL before beginning to translate, because the knowledge of the culture helps us as the translator to translate words or sentences that are unfamiliar for us and only citizen of the country know what they say and what they writeAy.
AuFrom the whole of this research, the writer suggests the general translator to learn deeper about anything related to culture in SL before beginning to translate.
The knowledge of the culture may help us as the translator to translate words or sentences that are unfamiliar for us and only citizen of the country know what they say and what they writeAy.
To Infinitive There are four errors of 84 errors that categorized as infinitive errors.
To infinitive is the form of a grammatical rule that contains particle AutoAy and an infinitive .
The table below is shown the errors of Auto infinitiveAy errors.
Table 14.
To Infinitive Errors Error AuHowever, the literal translation is not suitable in translating slang expression because the fact that slang expression does not always have direct lexical meaning in TL will lead reader to misunderstanding or not getting the exact intention of SLAos authorAy.
Correction AuHowever, the literal translation is not suitable in translating slang expression because the fact that slang expression does not always have direct lexical meaning in TL will lead reader to misunderstand or not getting the exact intention of SLAos authorAy.
AuFor English Letter Department from Adab and Humanities Faculty of the State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, to translating the idiom knowing the cultural knowledge is neededAy.
AuFor English Letter Department from Adab and Humanities Faculty of the State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, to translate the idiom knowing the cultural knowledge is neededAy.
AuThe translators must looking for more references in doing his or her translation work to conveyed the meaning contained in the cultural words accuratelyAy.
AuThe translators must looking for more references in doing his or her translation work to convey the meaning contained in the cultural words accuratelyAy.
Passive Voice On passive voice, there is one error of 84 errors that is identified as the passive voice error.
The form of passive voice contains "to be" followed by verb three .
ast Here is the passive voice error.
Table 15.
Passive Voice Error Error AuFurthermore, the procedure of transference and naturalization are considerably occur due to translatorAos decision to maintain the value contained within the word by preserving or using loan wordAy.
Correction AuFurthermore, the procedure of transference and naturalization are considerably occurred due to translatorAos decision to maintain the value contained within the word by preserving or using loan wordAy.
This form is served as active voice because it used Auto beAy followed by verb one.
| 183
Yasir Mubarok.
Aruna Heli NurAoaisyah.
Native Language Interference A Capitalization On this sixteenth type of errors, there is one error of 84 errors.
Capitalization is the form of a word that the first letter of it is written as uppercase, and the rests are written as lowercase.
Capitalization is used for the first word of a sentence and other reasons such as the name of places, names of persons, or etc.
Table 16.
Capitalization Error Correction Auin the previous chapter, the researcher has analzyed the data using translation procedure theory offered by Peter Newmark and Nida and TaberAos meaning equivalenceAy.
AuIn the previous chapter, the researcher has analzyed the data using translation procedure theory offered by Peter Newmark and Nida and TaberAos meaning equivalenceAy.
The error is identified as the capitalization error because the first letter of AuinAy is not Auxiliaries On the last type of data errors, there is one error of 84 errors.
The followed verb after modal must be verb one.
Table 17.
Auxiliaries Error AuThe translators must looking for more references in doing his or her translation work to conveyed the meaning contained in the cultural words accuratelyAy.
Correction AuThe translators must look for more references in doing his or her translation work to conveyed the meaning contained in the cultural words accuratelyAy.
In this case, modal is followed by the gerund.
Various theories of errors have been put forward by experts.
In this case, this study uses a non-contrastive approach by Richards to analyze the error.
Richards (Richards, 1.
classifies causes of error into .
overgeneralization, .
incomplete application of rules, .
false concepts hypothesized, and .
ignorance of rule restriction.
Richards (Richards, 1.
identified that Authe systems of the contact languages themselves have sometimes been contrasted, and an important out-come of contrastive studies has been the notion that they allow for prediction of the difficulties involved in acquiring a second language.
Ay Then, he said that in learning a second language such as English, interference from the student's first language causes grammatical errors.
Second, overgeneralization where a distorted structure was created by the student based on his experience of other structures (Indonesia.
in the target language (Englis.
, for instance, she can hits, they are hope, it is happens, she arrive.
Moreover, some features that can cause errors, for instance, incomplete application of rules, false concepts hypothesized, ignorance of rule restrictions and etc.
The results show that errors are dominated by article errors.
Students may still be confused in using grammar.
There are many inconsistencies in the use of the article in the five theses, for example.
AuThe researcher also concludes from the three strategies in translating the slang expression.
Ay As explained by Azar and Hagen (Azar.
, & Hagen, 2.
that a speaker uses the when the speaker and listener have the same thing or person in mind.
In other words, the is used when the speaker mentions a noun for a second time.
Buletin Al-Turas Vol.
26 No.
1 January 2020, pp.
This indicates that the students' lack of understanding of the basic theories related to the Research by Herniti (Herniti, 2.
has shown writing activities really require extensive knowledge and a logical mindset.
Writing is an advanced skill that is quite Other related errors are in the form of spelling.
90% of punctuation errors in the five theses like in the sample data AuIn this analysis, the writer concluded that there are nineteen data of illocutionary acts AAy.
This shows that the lack of accuracy of students in the use of spelling.
Even though.
Hogue (Hogue, 2.
claims that place most listingorder transition signals at the beginning of sentence and put a comma after them.
addition, this indicates that students lack an understanding of this theory.
Similar to Qhadafi (Qhadafi, 2.
found that errors made by students in writing are caused due to lack of understanding of students in the use of good and correct spelling.
Moreover, the results prove that punctuation is still considered a minor error.
Likewise.
Burt and Kiparsky .
s cited in (Adiantika.
, & Floranti, 2.
state that most grammatical errors are dominated by minor errors compared to major errors, for instance, in the form of words, phrases or sentences.
This particular does not affect the overall meaning and interpretation of the sentence.
as a result, minor errors have no impact .
in the reader's mind.
The reader can still make accurate guesses about the meaning in a piece of The third most common errors found is the subject-verb agreement.
The errors of this type are found about four errors of 84 errors.
The results showed that the most obvious difference in the English article is determined by general and specific ideas, while Indonesian does not have the same concept.
Thus, the influence of the first language can be an indicator of low second language acquisition (Krashen, 1.
He added that it not the errors are most often found in learning English (L.
Second, opportunities to interact significantly less .
nvironmental factor.
, unlike in their native The point in the second language is different from the first language, which is quite easy to obtain.
On the contrary.
Newmark .
6 as cited in (Krashen, 1.
argues that Auinterference is not the first language "getting in the way" of second language skills.
Rather, it is the result of the performer "falling back" on old knowledge when he or she has not yet acquired enough of the second language.
Ay Brown (Brown, 2.
demonstrated that in the process of learning a second language, there is a transfer process.
Transfer is a general term that describes previous knowledge (L.
for learning a second language (L.
Positive transfer occurs when prior knowledge is useful when L1 is applied correctly to second language subject matter (L.
Negative transfers occur when previous performance interferes with performance (L.
That can be called interference.
Interference is one of the annoying factors when learning a second language.
It is not surprising that native language interference is clearly the most obvious source of errors when the second language learning process as described on the tables above.
In brief, the results showed student mistakes arise from the inability: .
to fulfill the .
to recognize the limitations of the rules.
to understand the concept of rules.
The most important reason is the interference.
The interference is one of the annoying factors when learning a second language.
| 185
Yasir Mubarok.
Aruna Heli NurAoaisyah.
Native Language Interference A CONCLUSION Based on the finding and discussion, the highest percentage of the errors is the article.
It means that the authors of the theses are less concerned about the importance of using These show that the learners' first language can affect the target language in making sentences.
It can affect negatively.
Besides that, errors in spelling and grammar can make credibility and grade on a thesis go down.
So that, it ruined the whole value of the theses itself.
Then, the role of lecturers, especially supervisors, is very important to assist, guide, and lead the improvement of learners in learning English.
Hopefully, this research can help the readers more understand and more concerned about the grammatical errors in writing.
REFERENSI