English Journal Literacy UTama Vol.
No.
March 2019
Printed ISSN 2654-5284
Implicature in the Dialogue of 500 Days of Summer Movie by Marc Webb: the Study of Pragmatics PUSPITA SARI1
English Department Universitas Widyatama
ANNE JULITZA LITBAGAY
English Department Universitas Widyatama CORRESPONDING AUTHOR:
PUSPITA SARI, puspita.
sari@widyatama.
ABSTRACT
The title of this research is AuImplicate in The Dialogue of 500 Days of Summer Movie by Marc Webb: Pragmatics StudyAy.
The topic studied in this research is about implicature that is as a tool of meaning submission implicitly in an utterance.
This research aims to identify and analyze types of implicature and levels of intended meaning that appear in the dialog of 500 Days of Summer movie.
The method of this research is descriptive analysis method.
The descriptive analysis method is a method that explains or describes an object research through analyzed The source of data used is taken from the dialog of 500 Days of Summer movie, derived from the website.
The results of this research show that there are four types of implicature appear in the dialog of 500 Days of Summer and there are 30 data have been analyzed as implicatures.
There are data as generalized conversational implicature, 2 data as scalar implicature, 19 data as particularized conversational implicature, and 8 data as conventional implicature.
Besides that, the results show that the implicatures contain intended meanings that have been classified according to the levels of intended meaning.
There are 6 data as speakerAos literal meaning, 2 data as speakerAos occasion meaning, 13 data as the hint level, 6 data as the manipulation level, 2 data as the secret deception level, and one utterance as the subconscious or self-deception level.
Therefore, it can be concluded that particularized conversational implicature is a dominant implicature and the hint level as a dominant level of intended meaning that appear in the dialog of 500 Days of Summer movie.
INTRODUCTION
the intended meaning indirectly.
There is an implied meaning behind their utterance.
This language phenomenon is usually known as implicature.
In some cases, there is misunderstanding occurred between speaker and hearer.
This happens because the speaker and the hearer have different perceptions, so the message of the utterance was not delivered properly.
That is the problem of this language phenomenon.
Recently, people love to put an implied meaning in the way they communicate.
Often, people use encoding to convey the intended meaning, indirectly.
Therefore, the hearers or the interlocutors have to understand the intended meaning of the speaker.
This situation, the language phenomenon, usually found among teenagers and youth.
Teenagers and youth commonly convey English Journal Literacy UTama Vol.
No.
March 2019 Printed ISSN 2654-5284 minimize misunderstanding, the author wants to explain that kind of language phenomenon deeper in this research.
an utterance.
So, the meaning is also needed by the hearer to get what exactly the speaker To measure how intended is the meaning of an utterance, the author uses StilesAo theory, which is known as levels of intended meaning.
The levels of intended meaning are speakerAos literal meaning, speakerAos occasion meaning, the hint level, the manipulation level, the secret deception level, and the last is the subconscious or self-deception level.
Through StilesAo theory, it is easy for the reader to understand how intended is the meaning of an utterance.
A linguist.
Paul Grice .
, said that implicatures are a branch of pragmatics that refers to what is suggested in an utterance, even though neither expressed nor strictly implied by the utterance.
Based on GriceAos theory, we know that implicature is about the speakerAos meaning.
The utterance of the speaker has an implied meaning.
It means that the meaning behind the speakerAos utterance is conveyed indirectly, even is hidden.
There are four types of implicature based on GriceAos theory.
The first is conventional This one no needs a context to get the meaning of an utterance because it conveys a literal meaning.
Conventional implicature is easy to get what the speaker means clearly.
The second is the generalized conversational implicature.
This kind of implicature needs context but not too much.
Although the meaning behind the speakerAos utterance is easy enough to be gotten by the hearer, the hearer still needs context to avoid misunderstanding.
The third is scalar implicature.
Scalar implicature also needs context but it is closely related to the numbers or scale of something.
The last one is particularized conversational implicature.
Contrary with conventional implicature, particularized conversational implicature really needs context, even depends on the This kind of implicature is difficult The hearer gets what speaker means because the speaker hides the literal meaning behind utterance and sometimes conveys the different meaning of an utterance.
So, that is why implicature is closely related to the context because it is needed by the hearer to get what speaker means clearly.
Based on the introduction explained before, the author has two interesting research questions to discuss further in this research, there are:
What are the types of implicatures that appear in 500 Days of Summer movie? Based on StileAo theory, in which level the intended meaning behind implicatures that appear in 500 Days of Summer movie? So, the author is going to explain more about four types of implicature based on GriceAos theory and also explain six levels of intended meaning based on StilesAo theory to answer these research questions above.
METHOD
To analyze the implicatures and levels of intended meaning behind an utterance, the author chooses movie script of 500 Days of Summer as the object research.
The author chooses 500 Days of Summer movie as the data because the author is interested in the way the actors communicate in this movie.
is complicated enough because they often do implicature.
The method of this research is descriptive analysis method.
The descriptive analysis method is a method that explains or describes an object research through analyzed data.
Besides that, implicature is also related to the meaning.
As the explanation above, implicature is about giving meaning indirectly, even sometimes hiding the meaning behind English Journal Literacy UTama Vol.
No.
March 2019
Printed ISSN 2654-5284
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Tom tells Rachel everything that happens between Summer and him.
He tells about the relationship and the mood swings of Summer lately, and also the way they broke up.
Data 1 Tom and Summer are dating for the first They are just like a cute couple, holding hands and laughing together.
Summer just has a thought that she does not want to put a label on their relationship, although they are together now.
Rachel: Maybe she was just in a bad mood.
Paul: A hormonal thing.
Rachel: P.
Tom: What do you know about PMS? Rachel: More than you.
Summer: This is fun.
You are fun.
Tom: Thanks.
Summer: I mean.
I just want to say, up front.
IAom not looking for anything serious.
Are you cool with that? Tom: Oh, yeah.
The dialogue above is an implicature, especially included to the scalar implicature.
It is included to the scalar implicature because there is AumoreAy in the dialogue that shows a scale of something.
If an utterance contains numbers or scale of something, it must be a scalar implicature because it is one of the characteristics of scalar implicature.
Besides that, the dialogue above is not too difficult for the hearer (To.
to get the meaning of the speakerAos utterance (Rache.
Although the dialogue above is easy to understand, the hearer (To.
still needs a context to get what the speaker (Rache.
means clearly because there is an implied meaning behind speakerAos utterance (Rache.
The dialogue above is an implicature, especially included in the generalized conversational implicature.
This dialogue is general and easy to understand.
So, it is not too difficult for the hearer (To.
to get the meaning of the speakerAos utterance (Summe.
Although the dialogue above is easy to understand, the hearer (To.
still needs a context to get what the speaker (Summe.
means clearly because there is an implied meaning behind speakerAos utterance (Summe.
As explained before, implicature contains an intended meaning.
Through the speakerAos utterance (Summe.
Au.
I mean.
I just want to say, up front.
IAom not looking for anything Ay, it seems there is a message that speaker wants to say to the hearer (To.
The speaker (Summe.
wants an easy relationship, without putting a label on their relationship.
The speaker (Summe.
says that slowly to keep the hearerAos feeling (To.
Through that, it can be categorized that the dialogue above is included to the level 1, speakerAos occasion meaning.
The meaning of speakerAos utterance (Rache.
above is categorized to the level 2, known as the hint level.
It is because speakerAos utterance.
Aumore than youAy, is a sign for the hearer that the speaker (Rache.
knows well about the PMS because she is a girl who goes through PMS.
The utterance is also a satire for the hearer (To.
, although he is a man, she really sure that he knows nothing about PMS because he has no experience about PMS.
Besides that, if an utterance is a sign or satire, it must be included to the hint level because it is the characteristic of the hint level.
Data 2 Data 3 One night.
Tom is just like a mess because he broke up with Summer.
Rachel, his little sister, comes to help Tom by listening to him.
Tom and Summer are in the restaurant, want to have dinner together, but they let silence controls them.
Summer is the first that English Journal Literacy UTama Vol.
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March 2019 Printed ISSN 2654-5284 makes conversation, but she talks about their So, they start arguing.
and laugh together until McKenzie open the real conversation.
He asks Summer about her love life.
Then, the conversation becomes more serious.
So.
Tom and Summer start arguing about what love is for exactly.
Summer: This canAot be a total surprise.
I mean, weAove been like Sid and Nancy for months.
Tom: Summer.
Sid stabbed Nancy seven times with a kitchen knife.
WeAove had some disagreements but I hardly think IAom Sid Vicious.
Summer: No.
IAom Sid.
Tom: So.
IAom Nancy?! Tom: So then.
what happens if you fall in Summer: You donAot actually believe that, do Tom: Believe what? ItAos love, itAos not Santa Claus.
Summer: What does that word even mean? IAove been in a relationship before and I can tell you right now.
IAove never seen it.
The dialogue above is an implicature, especially included to the particularized conversational implicature.
Particularized conversational implicature is the hardest one, so it depends on the context.
Context is needed to interpret the meaning behind an Context is important because not all people understand about what speaker Usually, the hearer has to think hard enough to get what the speaker means It happens because the speaker hides the literal meaning behind an utterance.
needs special knowledge to understand the speakerAos meaning.
The dialogue above is an implicature, especially included to the conventional Conventional implicature is the easiest implicature because the speaker conveys the meaning literally.
The speaker conveys the message behind utterance directly, so this kind of implicature no needs The hearer can understand what the speaker means easily without special That is why conventional implicature does not depend on the context in interpretation meaning.
Besides that, in the speakerAos utterance.
Au.
IAove been in a relationship before and I can tell you right now.
IAove never seen It.
Ay, there is AuandAy that shows this dialogue contains the condition of The condition of consequence is one of the characteristics of conventional So, it is clear enough that this dialogue is a conventional implicature.
Just like the dialogue above, the speaker (Summe.
hides her literal meaning through her utterance.
Au.
weAove been like Sid and Nancy for months.
Ay.
The speaker (Summe.
using pengandaian to hide her message because she does not want anybody to know what she exactly means.
The speaker (Summe.
just wants the hearer (To.
who knows about it.
Actually, the speaker (Summe.
wants to tell the hearer (To.
that they are tidak cocok lagi and also wants to break him up.
From this case, it clearly shows that the dialogue above is categorized in level 4, known as the secret deception level.
The secret deception level is closed and private.
So, that is why this data is categorized as the secret deception level.
The dialogue above is categorized in level 2, known as the hint level.
It happens because this dialogue contains of a satire.
It is showed by the utterance.
Au.
IAove been in a relationship before and I can tell you right now.
IAove never seen it.
Ay, which means the speaker (Summe.
has many more experiences of relationship than the hearer (To.
, so, she disagrees with the hearer (To.
Through the explanation, it is seen clearly that the speaker (Summe.
Data 4 Friday night, in the official event.
Summer joins with McKenzie and Tom.
They chit-chat English Journal Literacy UTama Vol.
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March 2019 Printed ISSN 2654-5284 satirizes the hearer.
That is the reason why this dialogue is categorized to the hint level.
and one utterance as the subconscious or self-deception level.
Therefore, it can be concluded that particularized conversational implicature is a dominant implicature and the hint level as a dominant level of intended meaning that appear in the dialog of 500 Days of Summer movie.
CONCLUSION
Based on the research of the dialogue 500 Days of Summer movie, the author concludes that implicature is about the speakerAos meaning where the utterance of the speaker contains implied meaning.
There are four types of implicature appeared in the dialog of 500 Days of Summer and there are 30 data have been analyzed as implicatures as follow:
one datum as generalized conversational implicature, 2 data as scalar implicature, 19 data as particularized conversational implicature, and 8 data as conventional Besides that, the results show that the implicatures contain intended meanings that have been classified according to the levels of intended meaning.
There are 6 data as speakerAos literal meaning, 2 data as speakerAos occasion meaning, 13 data as the hint level, 6 data as the manipulation level, 2 data as the secret deception level.
REFERENCES