Langgas: Jurnal Studi Pembangunan Journal homepage: https://talenta.
id/jlpsp Examining the Dual Role of Working Women in Kabanjahe and Its Role in Fulfilling MaslowAos Hierarchy of Needs Rahman Malik1* .
Achmad Hidir2.
Abdillah Habibi3.
Nurina Adi Paramitha4.
Amalia Rahmawati5 Program Studi Sosiologi.
FISIP USU.
Jalan Prof.
Sofian No.
Kampus USU.
Medan 20155.
Indonesia Jurusan Sosiologi.
FISIP Universitas Riau.
Kampus Bina Widya Km.
12,5.
Simpang Baru.
Pekanbaru 28293.
Indonesia Program Studi Sosiologi.
FISIP Universitas Jember.
Jalan Universitas Jember.
Krajan Timur.
Jember 68121.
Indonesia Program Studi Akuntansi.
Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis.
Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Indonesia Corresponding Author: rmalik20@usu.
ARTICLE INFO
Article history:
Received: 12 February 2025
Revised: 26 April 2025
Accepted: 7 May 2025
Available online: 23 May 2024
E-ISSN: 2830-6821
How to cite:
Malik.
Rahman.
Achmad Hidir.
Abdillah Habibi.
Nurina Adi Paramitha.
Amalia Rahmawati.
AuExamining the Dual Role of Working Women in Kabanjahe and Its Role in Fulfilling MaslowAos Hierarchy of NeedsAy.
Langgas:
Jurnal Studi Pembangunan, 4.
ABSTRACT
Needs that are difficult to fulfill due to the lack of a husband's income lead women to enter the public sector, causing a phenomenon called the dual role of women.
This research aims to explore how the dual role is experienced by working women in Kabanjahe District.
Karo Regency.
North Sumatra Province, and its role in fulfilling the hierarchy of needs by Abraham Maslow.
This research uses descriptive qualitative as its approach and in-depth interviews as its data collection method.
This research found six interviewees who are working women in various sectors, such as restaurant cashiers, vegetable sellers, and civil The results of this study show that the majority of working women in Kabanjahe District focus on fulfilling physiological needs, which are the most basic needs in Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
The majority of them find it difficult to fulfill other needs because the income earned is focused on fulfilling physiological needs.
This phenomenon seems to support and align with Abraham Maslow's theory, that humans will not have time to fulfill other needs if their physiological needs have not been met.
Keywords: dual roles of working women, physiological.
Abraham MaslowAos hierarchy of needs ABSTRAK Kebutuhan yang sulit dipenuhi karena minimnya pendapatan suami membuat perempuan masuk ke sektor publik sehingga menimbulkan fenomena yang disebut peran ganda perempuan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana peran ganda yang dialami oleh perempuan bekerja di Kecamatan Kabanjahe.
Kabupaten Karo.
Provinsi Sumatera Utara dan perannya dalam pemenuhan hierarki kebutuhan Abraham Maslow.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode observasi dan wawancara mendalam sebagai metode pengumpulan data.
Penelitian ini menemukan enam Langgas: Jurnal Studi Pembangunan.
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orang narasumber yang merupakan perempuan pekerja di berbagai sektor, seperti kasir restoran, penjual sayur, dan PNS.
Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas perempuan pekerja di Kecamatan Kabanjahe berfokus pada pemenuhan kebutuhan fisiologis, yang merupakan kebutuhan paling dasar dalam hierarki kebutuhan Abraham Maslow.
Mayoritas dari mereka merasa kesulitan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan lainnya karena pendapatan yang diperoleh terfokus pada pemenuhan kebutuhan fisiologis.
Fenomena ini seakan mendukung dan selaras dengan teori Abraham Maslow, dimana manusia tidak akan memiliki waktu untuk memenuhi kebutuhan lain jika kebutuhan fisiologisnya belum terpenuhi.
Kata kunci: peran ganda perempuan bekerja, fisiologis, hirarki kebutuhan Abraham Maslow This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.
International.
DOI: 10.
32734/ljsp.
INTRODUCTION
There is a need for research on working women and the dual roles they play in their lives and how they struggle to fill their family needs.
The reason is, in the current era, the labor force is still dominated by men.
The Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics released the comparative rate of male and female labor force participation in Indonesia on their website from 2021 to 2023 which shows that the percentage of male labor force participation is higher than the percentage of female labor force participation in the country (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2.
The statistics show that the male labor force participation rate is at 82.
27% in 2021, 83.
87% in 2022, and finally 84.
26% in 2023.
Meanwhile, the percentage of female labor force participation stood at 53.
34% in 2021, 53.
41% in 2022, and finally 54.
52% in 2023.
It should be understood that this data shows an increase in the percentage of female labor force participation from year to year.
This indicates that more and more women are able to enter the public sector, although of course there are still those who remain in the domestic sector alone.
The difficulty of getting a job, especially in the formal sector, makes every individual in society often work in the non-formal sector and try to find ways to increase their own or their family's income.
This has led to the emergence of a labor force that is not only filled by men or husbands, but also women or wives to improve the family economy (Samsidar 2.
Table 1.
Comparison of Labor Force Participation Rate by Gender in Indonesia
Labor Force Participation Rate by Gender in Indonesia
Men
82,27
83,87
84,26
Women
53,34
53,41
54,52
Source: Central Bureau of Statistics Indonesia, 2024 The low percentage of working women compared to working men can occur due to gender discrimination or gender stereotypes that are still entrenched in a society (Samsidar 2.
The assumption that women's job is to take care of the household and children while men work to earn a living is one of the most common stereotypes in Indonesian society (Suyanto and Astuti 2.
Stereotypes like this restrain women to remain in the domestic sphere for fear of social sanctions in the form of ridicule or insults thrown at them for not behaving according to their nature as women (Kinanti.
Syaebani, and Primadini 2.
In addition, the closed access to several job categories for women also shows gender discrimination against employment opportunities (Subagja 2.
Things like this make it difficult for women to work to improve the family economy.
Even so, it cannot be denied that the increasing level of female labor force participation presented by the data above shows a fact, that not only men are increasing in number and can work in the public sector, but also women.
There are several strong reasons why women are encouraged Langgas: Jurnal Studi Pembangunan.
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to also enter the public sector, such as poverty that is afflicting their families, the desire to increase family income because their husbandsAo income is not enough, or indeed they are career-oriented (Ermawati 2016.
Vadya.
Rosalia, and Budiono 2.
The shift of women to the public sector has in fact led them to a phenomenon called the dual role of women, where they not only work in the domestic sector such as taking care of the household, but also work in the public sector such as formal or non-formal work (Wiladatika 2.
The occurrence of women's dual roles in fact shows how difficult it is to fulfill human needs in the current era.
The situation where there is only one person working, namely the husband, is in fact often insufficient to meet the needs of the family (Kholidah 2.
Physiological needs, namely physical needs such as eating, drinking, and clothing are in fact the most important needs to be met by poor people who do not have the competence to work in the formal or non-formal sectors (Suradi This is what forces a family to mobilize all available labor, whether it husbands, wives, and even their children just to find a bite of rice.
This phenomenon shows that there is support for women to work in order to improve the standard and quality of life of their own families.
There are several previous studies that discuss similar topics as described by the author above.
The first example of previous research is research conducted by Ginting .
with the title AuImplementation of Maslow's Theory and the Dual Role of K3L Women Workers at Padjadjaran UniversityAy.
This research seeks to explain how the dual role of K3L female workers at Padjadjaran University according to Maslow's Needs Theory perspective.
The results of this study indicate that physiological needs are the main cause of women's dual roles occurring in K3L women at Padjadjaran University.
This is because the demand for basic needs for daily needs encourages them to seek additional income to support their families (Ginting 2.
However, the scope of this research is still very limited to HSE women at Padjajaran University only, so it is necessary to conduct research in other areas that can add or complement what cannot be described in this research.
Furthermore, there is research conducted by Jalil and Tanjung .
with the title AuThe Dual Role of Women in the Family of Farming Communities in Simpang Duhu Dolok Village.
Mandailing Natal RegencyAy.
This research aimed to find out how the dual role of women in farming communities in Simpang Duhu Dolok Village.
Mandailing Natal Regency and their contribution to the economy of their respective families.
The research produced information, where the dual role of women in the farming community was successful and had a positive impact on their family's economy, where housewives could pay their children's school fees and support their families by farming (Jalil and Tanjung 2.
Although this study has provided an overview of women's dual roles that contribute to additional family income for various needs such as children's education, the level of needs that have been met by the dual role is not clear because Maslow's hierarchy of needs was not used in the study.
Then, there is also a similar research conducted by Hasibuan .
with the title AuThe Dual Role of Women Rubber Farm Laborers in Improving the Family Economy (Javanese Ethnic Case Study in Sidojadi Village.
Bukit Malintang District.
Mandailing Natal Regenc.
Ay.
This research aims to see how the dual role of women who work as rubber farm laborers can improve their family's This research produces information, that although in fact the dual role carried out by women rubber farm laborers has a positive impact such as additional income on the family economy, the fulfillment of family needs, and more frequent interaction with the surrounding environment, the dual role has a negative impact such as lack of attention to children and decreased health due to taking care of two things, namely work and family (Hasibuan 2.
Although this research explains how the dual role of women has a role in meeting the level of family needs through increasing the economic level, this research has not clearly explained the level of needs that can be met by families with the dual role of women.
The three studies explain how the dual role of women occurs and how their role in helping the family economy so that they can meet the needs of their respective families.
Two of the previous studies only provide an abstract picture of women's dual roles and the level of fulfillment of their Langgas: Jurnal Studi Pembangunan.
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family needs.
Meanwhile, one previous study did describe clearly, but the scope was limited and needs to be reviewed how it happens in other areas.
For this reason, a study needs to be conducted in different locations with more explorations.
For that reason, the authors decided that the location of the research is in Kabanjahe District.
Karo Regency.
North Sumatera Province.
There are two reasons why this location was chosen.
First, initial observations showed that there were women working in various sectors in the location, such as vegetable sellers, restaurant cashiers, and even civil servants.
Second, currently, there is no research that brings the topic of women's dual roles and analyzes it with Abraham Maslow's theory.
This research aims to explore the reason of dual roles that occur in working women and the results of the author's analysis using Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory.
The author hopes that this research will provide data and analysis that fill the gap within the previous research.
The author also hopes that this research can increase the insight of the readers and contribute to the development of the social sciences.
GENDER AND DUAL ROLE OF WOMEN
Gender is a concept that separates men and women in the formation of their characters in everyday life (Kartini and Maulana 2.
Gender is the result of the construction of society (Nurhasanah and Zuriatin 2.
Gender can also be interpreted as all the roles expected by a cultured society towards men and women in that society (Rosyidah and Nurwati 2.
The concept of gender also talks about the division of attitudes or behaviors that each human being has (Subagja For example, men are considered leaders, strong, and do not cry easily, while women are considered to cry easily, emotionally, and also have a loving nature (Nugroho et al.
In fact, the division of roles or traits is explained in two categories, namely masculine which is synonymous with men and feminine which is synonymous with women (Parashakti 2.
Over time, the topic of gender has developed into the roles and division of tasks of women and men in their daily lives, such as families.
The difficult economic situation causes a situation where the financial capacity of a family will not be able to survive to meet their needs if only the men .
who works (Subagja 2.
This situation causes the phenomenon of women's descent into the public sphere, giving rise to the dual role of women themselves (Samsidar 2.
The dual role in question is a situation where women not only work in the domestic sphere such as taking care of children and homes, but also work in the public sphere formally or non-formally in order to earn additional income for the family (Wiladatika 2.
HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY
Abraham Maslow is one of the psychologists who is famous for his studies on human motivation and self-actualization of their respective lives (Umam and Yazidurrahma 2.
He is an American psychologist who focuses his attention on individual motives in fulfilling their needs in everyday life (Rudiarta 2.
He is also known as a humanist psychologist and his thoughts influence the philosophical scope (Bagas 2.
Maslow's thinking is widely used by those who come from management science (Sunarya 2.
His psychological thinking was initially influenced by the behaviorist school of psychology, before he finally began to leave behaviorist psychology and became a follower of the gestalt school of psychology because of his denial of human selfactualization which can only be obtained from his daily routine (Muazaroh and Subaidi 2.
argued that this approach was too brief, because humans also have other factors in the process of self-actualization, such as spirituality and noble values that individuals believe in at that time (Muazaroh and Subaidi 2019.
Annajih.
SaAoidah, and Taufik 2.
Maslow's popular theory is his theory about the hierarchy of human needs.
According to him, human needs have certain levels.
He based the level of need on how important the need is for the individual himself (Muazaroh and Subaidi 2.
He explained that there are five levels in the hierarchy of human needs.
The five hierarchies from the bottom are physiological needs, the need Langgas: Jurnal Studi Pembangunan.
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for safety, social needs or needs for love and affection, the need for appreciation, and the highest is the need for self-actualization.
Maslow in fact explained each part of the hierarchy.
He explained that the most basic needs needed by humans are the basic or physiological needs of themselves, which causes the level of these needs to be placed at the bottom of the hierarchy of needs.
According to Maslow, these physiological needs are all needs that can support physical and basic human life to stay alive, such as clothing, food, drink, and sleep to rest (Ginting 2.
At the second place from the lowest level in his hierarchy of needs pyramid.
Maslow places the need for security.
According to him, this need is needed by humans to provide protection to their physical body so that they can continue to carry out activities for their survival in the world.
This need includes the need to be protected from all dangers and freedom from fear (Dzakia and Maemonah 2.
In the third level or in the middle level.
Maslow mentions that human needs increase to social needs, or what he calls the need for affection.
According to Maslow, these social needs include human needs for affection, love, and a sense of encouragement to interact with other humans (Sari and Dwiarti 2018.
Umam and Yazidurrahma 2.
At the second level from the top.
Maslow mentioned that human needs increase to the need for appreciation by others.
This need includes the need to feel appreciated, respected, and have high prestige among other individuals (Iskandar 2.
Finally, in the first rank of his hierarchy of needs pyramid.
Maslow mentioned that humans need self-actualization, where humans feel the need to develop all the abilities and potential they have to teach their personal desires (Umam and Yazidurrahma 2.
However.
Maslow said that this self-actualization can only occur if the needs below it have been met by the individual himself so that the individual is motivated to get the needs at the next level (Dzakia and Maemonah 2023.
Ginting 2018.
Muazaroh and Subaidi 2019.
Umam and Yazidurrahma 2.
METHOD
The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative with observation and in-depth interviews as the data collection technique.
Research that uses descriptive qualitative as its approach emphasizes the description made by the author about something without any addition or alteration from the author (Hanyfah.
Fernandes, and Budiarso 2.
The results of the observations made were recorded and later became field notes.
In-depth interview is a way to collect research data by asking in-depth questions that correlate with the topic under study face-to-face between the interviewee and the researcher (Mazaya and Suliswaningsih 2.
The sampling technique in this research is Snowball sampling.
Snowball sampling is a sampling technique carried out by asking an individual, and that individual answers and throws it to other individuals who are more or also understand the topic asked by the researcher, so that the data found becomes more numerous and diverse (Lenaini 2.
The author in this study obtained six informants who could answer the questions given by the author.
They work in various sectors in the area, such as vegetable sellers, civil servants, tailors, and restaurant cashiers.
Table 2.
InformantAos List InformantAos Initial Age Occupation Vegetables/Fruits Seller RestaurantAos Waitress Tailor RestaurantAos Cashier Cassava Seller Civil Servant (PNS) Source: AuthorAos Field Notes Langgas: Jurnal Studi Pembangunan.
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This research was conducted in Kabanjahe District.
Karo Regency.
North Sumatra Province.
In this study, a descriptive qualitative approach is used so that researchers can explain how the dual roles experienced by working women in Kabanjahe District and their efforts to fulfill Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
For that reason, this research will describe how dual roles occur and then the results of the analysis are analyzed using Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory.
In-depth interviews were conducted with informants who had been met during the research.
This research uses data analysis techniques popularized by Miles & Huberman, where the author will reduce, present, and finally draw conclusions from the data obtained in the field (Saleh 2.
THE DUAL ROLE OF WORKING WOMEN IN KABANJAHE DISTRICT
Dual roles, as explained in the literature review section, refer to the situation where women not only work in the domestic sphere, such as taking care of children and the household, but also work in the public sphere (Wiladatika 2.
Working women in Kabanjahe District actually experience that dual role.
Some of them stated that besides taking care of the household and children, they also work to supplement the family's income.
This was conveyed by one of our informants.
LG, who works as a vegetable and fruit seller in the area.
She explained:
AuYes, my husband works as a laborer, lifting palm oil fruit, that's not enough for us, we have four children, all of them go to school, two are still in elementary school, one is in junior high school, and the other one is in high school.
So, my husband, when he comes home, he sometimes only brings a little bit of money.
Because of that.
I also worked to help add some money, selling these vegetables and fruits.
This could happen because there is a yard behind our house, where I plant things like sweet potatoes, papayas, and long beans, so they can be sold to people.
Later, if it's sold out quickly.
I'll go home to cook, clean the house, and take care of the children too.
Usually.
I get home by noonAy (Interview with LG).
From the confession of one of our informants, we can know that the strong reason she participates in working to increase family income is the lack of husband's income to meet all family Of course, not only LG, this is also supported by the statement of MS, one of the wives who works as a restaurant waitress.
AuFor me.
I work to increase my familyAos income, so that we can buy food and nice clothes for, say.
Christmas.
My husband is a farmer, he has our parentAos fields in the village and often planted fruit or vegetables on it.
When the time has come, heAoll harvest them, and I'm the one who sells it to the weekly market, so our income is uncertain.
When it comes to children.
I have only one child, he's still in elementary school now, my husband is busy in the fields, so when I come home from work, then I take care of him, cook some food and provide some drinks, dress him well, and later in the afternoon.
IAoll sweep and clean the house.
That's allAy (Interview with MS).
From the two informants, it can be understood that in addition to taking care of the children and the house, they also have the burden of working, so they experience a dual role due to the husband's insufficient income to meet the family's needs.
One of our informants.
SS, also expressed her complaints about this situation.
She works as a tailor in a tailoring shop in Kabanjahe sub-district.
AuSometimes, my husband salary is not enough for the daily needs of the house, starting from food, shelter, and children's school fees.
Sometimes, my husband doesn't work, and even once he works, it never lasts long.
So like it or not, it is the woman or wife who must also work so that all our needs are met.
When I come home.
I clean the house, wash the clothes, feed the I have to be strong as a wifeAy (Interview with SS).
Then, we also asked how they fulfill their daily physiological needs, such as food, drink, clothing, and so on.
Some of them stated that they could fulfill their physiological needs.
This is supported by the statement of one of our informants.
NS, who works as a cashier at the restaurant in the area.
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AuWe can cover food, drink, clothes, children's school fees, because my husband works.
I also work, so yes, we can, there is no shortage.
Yes, even though the food is just that, for example fried eggs, mustard greens, that's it.
When my husband was the only one whoAos working.
I don't think we ever ate chicken.
But since I started working too at this restaurant, thanks to God, we can eat chicken at least once a weekAy (Interview with NS).
From this, it can be seen that the dual role that has been running also has a positive impact on the fulfillment of family needs.
Even so, one of our informants.
HT, said that his family is still in difficult situation and only eats cassava she planted on the empty yard next to their house.
He works as a cassava seller.
AuWe eat, but we can't say it's nutritious.
Sometimes we just eat the cassava that we planted next to our house, and then the water spinach that we have near our house.
Yes, we planted the Cassava because the land was empty, so we planted cassavas there.
Later we boil the cassava, then eat them with eggs, but we don't eat eggs often, eggs are expensive now, so if many people buy my cassava, only then we can buy a kilogram of rice or eggsAy (Interview with HT).
Next, we asked them if they felt that with their condition, they felt safe from any threats such as hunger or their own security despite their dual role.
HT, one of the informants we interviewed earlier, said that she felt insecure because she was afraid of starvation and being chased by debt AuBecause of our situations, my income and my husband's income are sometimes not enough for daily needs to eat or buy something, so we are forced to go into debt here and there for living expenses, so that we can eat and there is a circulation of money.
I'm also afraid that if we don't pay our debts, what will happen to us?.
I'm afraid that the debt collector will do something bad to us because we didn't pay the debts, that's how life isAy (Interview with HT).
However, some state that they and their families feel safe because they also work in the public She is NG, one of our informants who currently works as a Civil Servant Apparatus.
Furthermore, we asked them whether their dual role has fulfilled their social needs such as friendship or affection for each other in their family or neighborhood.
We also asked whether they felt valued as a result of their dual roles.
The majority of them answered that their dual role restricted them from interacting with their families, especially their children and neighbors, as they were busy earning money for their daily physiological needs.
They also stated that they are often ignored by their neighbors, as they are too busy working to meet their family's needs.
AuThere is no time for that, it's hard even when we just want to hang out together, we're too busy taking care of what to eat tomorrow.
We're not even close to our neighbors, there are often wirid or Quran recitations here, but because we're busy, we rarely and almost never Because of that, sometimes there are neighbors who says that I'm arrogant and don't want to get closer with the neighborhood.
I rarely get invitations when neighbors want to hold events because of thatAy (Interview with HT).
Finally, we asked whether the money collected from working could be used for selfdevelopment and personal needs, such as attending training, buying things they like, and so on.
The majority said that they did not have access to this and were more concerned with their daily needs such as food, water, electricity, and so on.
This is consistent with the statement of SS, one of the informants we interviewed earlier.
AuI do have desires, but instead of following my personal desires to buy something or to mastering about something.
I donAot want to do that.
I just work as a tailor and that's enough for me, its ok to not be able to buy luxury goods or what we want, the important thing is that the family can eats, or we can pay the electricity, that's allAy (Interview with SS).
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THE DUAL ROLE OF WORKING WOMEN AND ABRAHAM MASLOWAoS HIERARCHY OF NEEDS The dual role that the informants experienced is intended to meet their daily needs, namely physiological needs as Maslow explained in his theory, namely the hierarchy of needs in the literature review section.
The dual role also closes their access to meet other needs, such as social needs, the need for security, the need for appreciation, and the need to actualize themselves.
For example, one of the informants.
HT, canAot even join her neighbour when they do some wirit or Quran recitations in their neighbourhood because she is so busy to works for the family.
The need for physiological things also colored by their statements regarding the need for money to eat and drink to just survive, as explained by Maslow, that physiological needs can be in the form of food, drink, and other basic things that keep humans alive as they should (Ginting 2.
The dual role of women that occurs due to a lack of husband's income like the informants above can be an indication that the family is living in deprivation or poverty.
Poverty is one of the social problems that occur in various countries today (Adawiyah 2.
This poverty certainly has a negative impact on a country and often brings other socio-economic problems.
Poor families certainly do not have enough money to buy all their basic needs, such as nutritious and consumable food, proper clothing, and even a decent place to live.
The lack of nutritious food intake, for example, will lead to other problems, such as children who are malnourished so that their body development becomes slow and their thinking ability is not maximized.
More broadly, this has a negative impact on the country itself, where the quality and capabilities of human resources become so low that they are unable to work well and compete both within the country and abroad.
When the quality of human resources is very low, the development of a country will be hindered, stagnated, and may even reach regression.
The role of the government is very important in maintaining the development and progress of the country.
For this reason, the government should pay attention to poor families who do not have the ability to meet their basic needs, such as physiological needs.
The government can do various things, such as empowerment in the form of skills training that can be used to compete in the world of work, providing capital to open businesses, providing scholarships to their children, and many These efforts are long-term investments, as human development cannot be done as quickly as the construction of physical infrastructure such as roads or bridges.
However, with human development, various social problems such as poverty and the problems that follow can be minimized, so that the development of a country into a better country can continue.
There are also those who can reach the second hierarchy from the bottom, namely the need for safety, such as one of the author's informants who works as a civil servant, namely NG.
She stated that by working, her family feels safe from threats such as hunger or being chased by debt collectors.
This indicates that jobs that are relatively stable in terms of income such as civil servants are able to achieve more higher levels in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Meanwhile, jobs that are relatively unstable in terms of income, such as fruit sellers or cassava sellers, are very dependent on sales results, making it difficult to achieve a higher levels in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
The difficulty of fulfilling even the most basic needs seems to support Maslow's statement regarding his hierarchical theory itself, that humans will not be able to advance to the next level if they have not fulfilled their most basic needs, namely physiological needs.
CONCLUSION
Based on the findings and analysis in this study, the dual role that happen to the majority of working women in Kabanjahe District.
Karo Regency.
North Sumatra Province, occurs due to the lack of income owned by husbands which forces them to leave the domestic sphere, and start looking for additional income in the public sphere.
The results of the interviews showed that some of them managed to fulfill their needs, namely physiological needs.
Physiological needs are the main focus of the majority of working women in Kabanjahe District, so other needs, as described by Abraham Langgas: Jurnal Studi Pembangunan.
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Maslow, cannot be fulfilled.
This seems to support Abraham Maslow's theory, that humans will not be able to reach the next level in the hierarchical pyramid of needs, unless they have succeeded in fulfilling their physiological needs.
In addition, from the informant's statement, jobs that are relatively stable in terms of income, such as civil servants, are able to fulfill not only their physiological needs, but also other needs in Abraham Maslow's hierarchy such as the need for security and social needs.
The phenomenon of working women should receive more attention and the research about it should be more intensified.
The results of this study, which show the difficulty of some informants to fulfill their physiological needs even though they have participated in working to help the family income, is a phenomenon that can be studied by the government in order to immediately empower The inability to meet the most basic needs such as physiological needs is a serious indication of poverty which leads to the emergence of many social problems that follow, such as lack of child nutrition and juvenile delinquency caused by lack of parental attention to their children because they are busy working.
The government can provide several forms of assistance such as educational scholarships for their children and conduct various skill training for the families of these working In this way, their burden of having to keep earning a living is expected to be reduced, allowing them time to interact with their families at home.
Research with similar topics also needs to be carried out and develop by the future researchers to provide a deeper and broader discussion and analysis, considering that the scope of this research is limited only in Kabanjahe District.
Future research needs to be done to find out what things are needed by the families of women workers in order to fulfill the needs described by Maslow in his hierarchy of needs.
For this reason, the authors of this study is open to further research conducted by future researchers in various locations with various theory.
All of this is so that the data described in this research and previous research can be refined by future researchers, so that the development of social sciences and humanities can continue to occur and benefits society and the government to understand about phenomenon that happens around them, especially the dual role of women.
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