Mansur.
Design and Development of a Microcontroller-Based Automatic Chicken Feeder 165 Design and Development of a Microcontroller-Based Automatic Chicken Feeder Maulana Mansur Mechanical Engineering.
Faculty of Industrial Technology.
National Institute of Technology Email: maulanamansur2001@gmail.
Received: 2025-02-26 Received in revised from 2025-09-26 Accepted: 2025-09-29 Abstract The use of technology such as automatic feed management systems helps create convenience in feeding chickens regularly and optimally for chickens, most village chicken farmers have other activities such as work, etc.
therefore farmers can be negligent or forget to feed their livestock, due to this problem, many farmers fail to raise livestock.
That is why the idea was born to make an automatic chicken feed system based on the ESP8266 microcontroller that can provide feed for chickens automatically and regularly.
This system uses the RTC .
eal time cloc.
conveyor as a timer input to run the system, after a predetermined time the ESP8266 will command the DC motor to rotate the spiral screw which will carry the feed from the hoper to the 3 containers where in the test results the feeding time for 3 minutes 40 seconds produces 700grams of feed where the first container contains 300grams, the second container 200grams and the third container 200grams.
Keywords: Auto.
ESP8266.
RTC.
Screw Conveyor Introduction Advancements in technology, such as automated monitoring systems, feed management, and animal health maintenance technology, have enabled increased efficiency and productivity .
The use of technology, such as automatic feed management systems, helps facilitate regular and optimal feeding for chickens .
Feeding time is crucial for the growth and health of chickens, and consistent feeding can also reduce stress in the animals.
Raising chickens as livestock requires a significant amount of time and Most backyard chicken farmers have other activities such as working, studying, and other responsibilities, which may lead to negligence or forgetfulness in feeding their livestock.
Due to this issue, many farmers fail in poultry farming.
This is why the idea of developing a microcontroller-based automatic chicken feeding system This system is designed to dispense feed regularly, operating automatically according to a preprogrammed schedule.
Metode Flow Diagram Below is an explanation of the flowchart presented in Figure 1:
Specification and Needs Identification The system is designed for 14 chickens with a feed capacity lasting for six days.
Feeding is scheduled in two sessions: at 08:00 AM and 03:00 PM.
The feeding process distributes feed into three containers.
Design Process.
The design is divided into two parts.
Structural Design Ae Focuses on constructing the chicken feeder and Control System Design Ae Develops the electrical control system based on specific needs.
The development process consists of three main stages:
Construction of the chicken feeder.
Assembly of the structural and electrical control components.
Program development.
166 Journal of Applied Sciences.
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System testing.
Automated feeding according to the scheduled times: from 08:00Ae08:04 AM and 03:00Ae03:04 PM.
Figure 1.
Flow Diagram Feed Distribution.
The amount of dispensed feed is predefined.
In the first feeding session, 700 grams of feed is distributed into three containers First container: 300 grams.
Second and third containers: 200 grams each.
The second session follows the same distribution pattern.
The total feed dispensed per day is 1.
4 kg.
Analysis and Conclusion Collected data is analyzed to evaluate the performance of the automatic The results are processed to draw conclusions regarding the efficiency and effectiveness of the microcontroller-based chicken feeder system.
Documentation Includes report compilation, technical drawings, and specifications derived from the research.
Research Location The research was conducted in Cimenyan Village.
Bandung Regency.
Most poultry farmers in Cimenyan still feed their chickens manually.
Figure 2 illustrates the research Mansur.
Design and Development of a Microcontroller-Based Automatic Chicken Feeder 167 Figure 2.
Research Location Top View Layout of the Cage Figure 3.
Top View Layout of the Cage Tool Scheme Figure 4.
Tool Scheme 168 Journal of Applied Sciences.
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No 2, 2025: 165Ae182 Result and Discussion Rangkaian Node MCU ESP8266 NodeMCU ESP8266 Circuit.
The ESP8266 circuit is used as the control system for this setup.
The circuit board is shown in Figure 5 below, and more detailed specifications can be found in Table 1.
The circuit integrates various components, including LCD for display.
RTC (Real-Time Cloc.
for time management.
Outputs such as DC motors and servo motors.
Relay module to protect components from current surges.
Step-down module to stabilize voltage These components work together to ensure efficient and stable operation of the system.
Figure 5.
ESP8266 MCU Node Circuit Information:
Jack DC Male
Step-down
Relay
NodeMcu ESP8266
LCD
RTC (Real Time Cloc.
Motor Servo Motor DC Table 1.
Circuit on ESP8266
Jack
Male
Step down
Relay
OUT
ESP 8266
Power in Power in Pin D4
Pin D4
Come
VCC
GND
Pin D6
GND
RTC
LCD
Servo 1 Servo 2 Motor Mansur.
Design and Development of a Microcontroller-Based Automatic Chicken Feeder 169
Pin D2
Pin D3
GND
Pin D1
Pin D2
Gnd
SCL
SDA
VCC
GND
GND
VCC
SDA
SCL
Orange Merah Coklat Orange Merah Coklat Device Construction The construction of the device was carried out after determining the dimensions and materials of the automatic chicken feeder during the design phase.
The assembly process was performed using bench work techniques.
The final result of the automatic chicken feeder can be seen in Figure 6 below.
Figure 6.
Chicken feeder Hopper Construction The hopper was made using plywood with a thickness of 1.
5 cm.
The dimensions of the hopper are as follows Width: 225 mm.
Height: 360 mm.
Length: 400 mm.
The hopper construction process can be seen in Table 2 below.
Table 2.
Hopper Construction Tahapan pembuatan hooper First Stage Preparing Tools for Hopper Construction.
The first step in constructing the hopper is to prepare the necessary tools.
Below is a list of tools used:
Saw Ruler Right-angle ruler Marker Drill Screws Screwdriver Proses pengerjaan 170 Journal of Applied Sciences.
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No 2, 2025: 165Ae182 The second stage involves measuring the plywood and drawing guidelines with a width of 225 mm, a height of 360 mm, and a length of 400 mm.
Once the measurements are complete, the plywood is cut into five pieces.
These pieces are then assembled into a box shape using screws for joining.
After assembling the hopper, a hole with a diameter of 42 mm is drilled at the bottom using a drill machine.
The exact drilling position follows the design specifications.
Once the hole is made, the PVC pipe is inserted to ensure a proper fit.
If the pipe fits correctly, the hopper construction is complete.
PVC Pipe Construction The PVC pipe was made using PVC material with a total length of 1.
5 meters.
Inside the hopper, the pipe was cut in half along its diameter.
Original Pipe Diameter: 42 mm.
Cut Diameter: 21 mm.
Cut Length: 400 mm.
The PVC pipe construction process can be seen in Table 3 below.
Table 3.
PVC Pipe Construction Stages of Pipe Manufacturing The first step is to prepare the tools needed to make the PVC pipe.
The following tools will be used:
Saw Ruler Square ruler Marker Cutter Drill Work Process Mansur.
Design and Development of a Microcontroller-Based Automatic Chicken Feeder 171 The second step is to cut the pipe to the required length of 1.
Before cutting the top section of the pipe, mark it with a guideline first, where the length of the mark is 400mm with a depth of 21mm.
After completing the cutting process, the final result of the cut can be observed.
Screw Cutting The process of cutting the screw is done using a hacksaw.
The screw originally has a length of 2 meters and is then cut to 1.
5 meters.
The image of the screw after being cut to 1.
5 meters can be seen in Figure 7 Figure 7.
Screw Cutting Manufacturing of Join Screw The join screw is made using a plate material with a thickness of 2.
The plate is shaped into a cylinder with a diameter of 40mm.
The shaft is then welded to the cylinder.
The shaft itself has a diameter of 6mm and a length of 50mm.
The image of the join screw can be seen in Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Join Screw 172 Journal of Applied Sciences.
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No 2, 2025: 165Ae182 Program Development The program is developed using the Arduino IDE, which includes C/C libraries to simplify input and output operations.
The programming itself is primarily done in Java.
The coding process for controlling the automatic chicken feeder is outlined in Table 4.
Table 4.
Program Development.
Creating coding for chicken feeder control First download the Arduino Ide application After downloading the Arduino IDE application, open it.
Before starting the coding process, go to Tools and select the NodeMCU 1.
0 (ESP-12E Modul.
Once the correct board is selected, the next step is to choose the port connected to the board by clicking Tools and selecting the appropriate port.
After selecting the correct board, upload the required libraries that have been downloaded.
The function of libraries in Arduino is to simplify the programming process.
By uploading the library, there is no need to write the code from scratch.
//Memanggil librar y Blynk, servo dan LCD.
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.
#include <Servo.
#include<Wire.
#include<LiquidCrystal_I2C.
Mansur.
Design and Development of a Microcontroller-Based Automatic Chicken Feeder 173 #include <RTClib.
#include "Countimer.
Countimer CD.
int sec = 1000.
// Include RTClib library for RTC LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd.
x27, 20, .
//Atur pin Buzzer dan Led.
#define buz 13 //Sambungkan ke pin D7.
#define led 0 //Sambungkan ke pin D3.
#define rly 14 //Sambungkan ke pin D5.
String ssid = "Tselhome-48F0".
// Ganti nama WiFi String pass = "80.
// Ganti password //Memanggil informasi dari Blynk.
//Masukkan Template.
Nama, dan Token yang telah diberikan oleh Blynk.
#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_ID "TMPL6LoRZlWdc" #define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_NAME "Pakan Ayam" #define BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN "7KKTU1yPG2uZpaFFIPupHPPiiCX7Nve0" RTC_DS3231 rtc.
int jam, menit.
// Create an RTC object //Memberikan inisal atau nama lain untuk servo.
Servo servoku.
//Deklarasi Pakan dan Mode sebagai integer sekaligus variabel.
int Pakan.
int Mode.
bool countdownRunning = false.
// Status countdown
// SETTING WAKTU UNTUK MENYALAKAN SECARA OTOMATIS
int onHour = 8.
// Set time for ON .
, 8 AM)
int onMinute = 0 .
int onHour2 = 15.
int onMinute2 = 0 .
//SETTING WAKTU HITUNG MUNDUR NYALA SERVO
int CDhour = 0.
int CDmin = 3.
int CDsec = 40.
//Memanggil fungsi setup.
void setup() //Atur baudrate Serial monitor pada 9600.
Serial.
//memulai LCD.
begin().
//Atur buzzer dan led sebagai OUTPUT.
pinMode.
OUTPUT).
pinMode.
OUTPUT).
pinMode.
OUTPUT).
digitalWrite.
HIGH).
//Atur pin servo pada pin 2 atau D4.
//Atur posisi awal servo pada 0.
//Sambungkan ke pin D4.
if (!rtc.
begin()) { Serial.
println("Couldn't find RTC").
lostPower()) { Serial.
println("RTC lost power, setting the time!").
adjust(DateTime(F(__DATE__).
F(__TIME__))).
// Set RTC to compile time 174 Journal of Applied Sciences.
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No 2, 2025: 165Ae182 //Atur ssid dan password WiFi.
//Cek sambungan WiFi dan nodeMCU.
WiFi.
sid, pas.
Serial.
print("Connecting to WiFi .
").
//mengatur display LCD sebelum WiFi tersambung.
setCursor.
, .
print(" Connecting .
").
while (WiFi.
status() != WL_CONNECTED) { Serial.
print('.
').
//mengatur kedipan lampu sebelum WiFi tersambung.
digitalWrite.
LOW).
digitalWrite.
HIGH).
//mengatur display LCD setelah WiFi tersambung.
setCursor.
, .
print(" WiFi Connected ").
//mengatur kedipan lampu setelah WiFi tersambung.
digitalWrite.
HIGH).
digitalWrite.
LOW).
digitalWrite.
HIGH).
digitalWrite.
LOW).
digitalWrite.
HIGH).
digitalWrite.
LOW).
digitalWrite.
HIGH).
//Atur sambungan Blynk dengan memasukkan token Blynk, ssid, dan password WiFi.
Blynk.
begin(BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN, "Pakan", "12345678").
Serial.
println("Blynk Connected").
setCursor.
, .
print("Blynk Connected ").
//Atur tampilan awal LCD.
clear().
setCursor.
, .
print(" Pakan OTOMATIS ").
if (!rtc.
begin()) { Serial.
println("Couldn't find RTC").
setCursor.
, .
print("Couldn't find RTC").
lostPower()) { Serial.
println("RTC lost power, setting the time!").
adjust(DateTime(F(__DATE__).
F(__TIME__))).
// Set RTC to compile time CD.
setCounter(CDhour.
CDmin.
CDsec.
CD.
COUNT_DOWN, selesa.
CD.
setInterval.
aktu, se.
//Memanggil fungsi pengulangan.
void loop() DateTime now = rtc.
now().
// Get current time jam = now.
hour().
DEC.
menit = now.
minute().
DEC.
CD.
run().
Mansur.
Design and Development of a Microcontroller-Based Automatic Chicken Feeder 175 setCursor.
, .
print("Jam : ").
print(" ").
print("Menit : ").
print(" ").
setCursor.
, .
print("Count: ").
print(CD.
getCurrentTime()).
//Perintah untuk menjalankan Blynk.
Blynk.
run().
//Menampilkan status Pakan pada Serial monitor.
Serial.
println("Status Pakan :" String(Paka.
Serial.
println(" Mode :" String(Mod.
if( Mode == .
{ if .
ountdownRunnin.
{ setCursor.
, .
print("Servo Aktif ").
digitalWrite.
LOW).
// Relay tetap menyala digitalWrite.
HIGH).
// Buzzer tetap menyala write.
//ubah posisi servo menjadi 180.
//ubah posisi servo menjadi 0.
} else { setCursor.
, .
print("Servo non-Aktif ").
digitalWrite.
HIGH).
// Relay mati digitalWrite.
LOW).
// Buzzer mati write.
// Servo kembali ke posisi awal // Cek apakah waktu saat ini berada dalam rentang waktu aktif if (.
am == onHour && menit == onMinut.
|| .
am == onHour2 && menit == onMinute.
) { CD.
start().
countdownRunning = true.
// Mulai countdown setCursor.
, .
print("Count: ").
print(CD.
getCurrentTime()).
if (Mode == .
{ //Perintah saat kondisi servo dan motor dc nyala.
if (Pakan == 1 ) { //tampilan LCD saat servo aktif.
setCursor.
, .
print("Servo Aktif ").
digitalWrite.
HIGH).
//perintah untuk mengaktifkan buzzer.
digitalWrite.
LOW).
// Menyalakan relay write.
//ubah posisi servo menjadi 180.
//ubah posisi servo menjadi 0.
//Perintah saat kondisi servo dan motor dc mati.
if (Pakan == 0 ) { //tampilan LCD saat servo aktif.
setCursor.
, .
print("Servo non-Aktif ").
digitalWrite.
LOW).
//perintah untuk mengaktifkan buzzer.
digitalWrite.
HIGH).
// Mematikan relay write.
//ubah posisi servo menjadi 0.
176 Journal of Applied Sciences.
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No 2, 2025: 165Ae182 //Memanggil fungsi V0 pada Blynk.
BLYNK_WRITE(V.
Pakan = param.
asInt().
//Memanggil variabel Pakan sebagai sebuah parameter.
//Memanggil fungsi V1 pada Blynk.
BLYNK_WRITE(V.
Mode = param.
asInt().
//Memanggil variabel Pakan sebagai sebuah parameter.
void waktu() { Serial.
print("Countdown: ").
Serial.
println(CD.
getCurrentTime()).
setCursor.
, .
print("Count: ").
print(CD.
getCurrentTime()).
void selesai() { CD.
stop().
countdownRunning = false.
// Countdown selesai setCursor.
, .
print("Countdown Selesai").
digitalWrite.
HIGH).
// Mematikan relay digitalWrite.
LOW).
// Mematikan buzzer //Atur tampilan awal LCD.
clear().
setCursor.
, .
print(" Pakan OTOMATIS ").
Connecting ESP8266 to Blynk The first step in connecting ESP8266 to Blynk is to download the Blynk application.
After downloading, create a Blynk account and log in.
Once logged in, follow the steps to connect ESP8266 to Blynk, as outlined in Table 5.
Table 5.
Connecting ESP8266 to Blynk.
How to connect ESP8266 to blynk The first step is to create a template according to your needs.
Start by naming the template, then select ESP8266 as the hardware and choose WiFi as the connection type.
Add a description if necessary.
Mansur.
Design and Development of a Microcontroller-Based Automatic Chicken Feeder 177 Next, go to Datastreams, then click Virtual Pin to monitor or activate the system.
Assign a name as desired, select Pin V1, and set the data type to Integer .
hole number.
Since the system only needs to be turned on or off, the integer value is set between 0 and 1.
For the servo, follow the same datastream settings, but use Pin VO.
After configuring the datastreams, proceed to the Web Dashboard and select Switch to enable or disable the system.
Then, go to Switch Settings, change the data stream mode to V1, and set Servo to V0 before saving.
Once the datastreams and switch setup are complete, configure a new device, select the template, and assign it to the device.
After this, a Template ID will appear .
s shown in the image belo.
Copy this Template ID and insert it into the programming template.
Below is the Blynk template for programming.
178 Journal of Applied Sciences.
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No 2, 2025: 165Ae182 Connecting CCTV to the V380 Pro App The first step to connect CCTV to your phone is to download the V380 Pro app.
After downloading, create an account in the app.
Once the account is created, log in to access the application.
To connect the CCTV to your phone, follow the steps outlined in table 6.
Table 6.
Connecting CCTV to a Phone via V380 Pro.
Connecting CCTV to HP After downloading the V380 Pro application, click the " " sign in the top right corner, then select "Add Camera" to scan the barcode on the CCTV.
After scanning the barcode, connect the CCTV to the internet by entering the Wi-Fi ID and password.
Once entered, proceed by scanning the barcode on the CCTV again.
After completing all the steps, wait until the network configuration is successfully Once the configuration stage is complete, the CCTV is ready to use.
Testing Testing was conducted to ensure that the device functions as designed.
Therefore, the testing process included controller testing and measuring the feed output per minute.
The completed device can be seen in Figure 9.
Mansur.
Design and Development of a Microcontroller-Based Automatic Chicken Feeder 179 Figure 9.
Overall image of the tool Controller Testing The testing was conducted before integrating the controller with the automatic chicken feeder.
This test aimed to observe the system's activation and deactivation times.
The testing was performed twice a day, from 08:00 to 08:05 and 15:00 to 15:05, over a 10-day period.
The observed variables included the activation time of the DC motor and servo motor, ensuring that the system operated precisely according to the predetermined schedule.
Table 7.
Controller Testing presents the detailed results of these tests.
Date
05-12-2024
Test Scenario The system is on for 5 menit 06-12-2024 The system is on for 5 menit 07-12-2024 The system is on for 5 menit 08-12-2024 The system is on for 5 menit 09-12-2024 The system is on for 5 menit 10-12-2024 The system is on for 5 menit 11-12-2024 The system is on for 5 menit 12-12-2024 The system is on for 5 menit 13-12-2024 The system is on for 5 menit 14-12-2024 The system is on for 5 menit Time Hours 08:00-08:05 Hours 15:00-15-05 Hours 08:00-08:05 Hours 15:00-15-05 Hours 08:00-08:05 Hours 15:00-15-05 Hours 08:00-08:05 Hours 15:00-15-05 Hours 08:00-08:05 Hours 15:00-15-05 Hours 08:00-08:05 Hours 15:00-15-05 Hours 08:00-08:05 Hours 15:00-15-05 Hours 08:00-08:05 Hours 15:00-15-05 Hours 08:00-08:05 Hours 15:00-15-05 Hours 08:00-08:05 Hours 15:00-15-05 Result Light up Light up Light up Light up Light up Light up Light up Light up Light up Light Up Light up Light up Light up Light up Light up Light up Light up Light up Light up Light up Blynk to ESP8266 Testing This test was conducted to evaluate the response of Blynk in manual mode during the chicken feeding process.
The testing was carried out over five days at random times to assess the functionality of the manual mode in Blynk.
The test results are presented in Table 8.
Table 8.
Blynk to ESP8266 Testing.
Date
12-02-2025
Test Scenario The system is turned on for 2 minutes 13-02-2025 The system is turned on for 2 minutes 14-02-2025 The system is turned on for 1 minutes 15-02-2025 The system is turned on for 3 minutes Time Hours 09:57 - 09:59 Hours 13:05 Ae 13:02 Hours 17:48 Ae 17:50 Hours 07:04 Ae 07:06 Hours 12:31 Ae 12:33 Hours 16:00 Ae 16:02 Hours 07:30 Ae 07: 31 Hours 10:28 Ae 10:29 Hours 13:27 Ae 13:28 Hours 09:00 Ae 09:03 Result light up light up light up light up light up light up light up light up light up light up 180 Journal of Applied Sciences.
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The system is turned on for 4 minutes Hours 14:13 Ae 14:16 Hours 18:00 Ae 19 :03 Hours 08:15 Ae 08-19 Hours 12:30 Ae 12:34 Hours 15: 25 Ae 15:29 light up light up light up light up light up Feed Output Testing This test was conducted by weighing the feed dispensed into feed containers 1, 2, and 3 using a The automated chicken feeder was tested 10 times, with varying time settings in the program, to determine the optimal feed output.
The results indicate that the most optimal feeding duration is 3 minutes and 40 seconds, with an average feed output of 712 grams.
Refer to Figure 10 and Table 9: Feed Output Testing Process for detailed results.
Figure 10.
Feed Output Testing Description:
First Container Second Container Third Container Feed Flow Direction The feed output testing was conducted by adjusting the time settings and the opening of valves one and two in the program.
The results of this testing can be seen in Table 9: Feed Output Per Minute.
Testing Parameters:
DC Motor Speed: Constant at 7.
5 RPM
Device Activation Time: Varied Valve One & Two: Opened and closed at varying intervals Table 9.
Testing of Feed Coming Out Per Minute P10 1 min 2 min 30 sec 2 min 30 sec 3 min 3 min 4 min 3 min 40 sec 3 min 40 sec 3 min 40 sec 3 min 40 sec Container 1 200 gram 210 gram 200 gram 220 gram 180 gram 350 gram 320 gram 320 gram 310 gram 300 gram Container 2 150 gram 150 gram 190 gram 100 gram 200 gram 200 gram 200 gram 210 gram 200 gram Container 3 80 gram 100 gram 120 gram 200 gram 200 gram 200 Gram 200 Gram 200 Gram 200 Gram Valve closed 15 sec 20 sec 25 sec 30 sec 30 sec 35 sec 35 sec 35 sec 35 sec Valve opened 15 sec 10 sec 10 sec 15 sec 20 sec 20 sec 20 sec 20 sec Conclusion After conducting research through the design, development, and testing of the microcontrollerbased automatic chicken feeder, the following conclusions can be drawn:
Mansur.
Design and Development of a Microcontroller-Based Automatic Chicken Feeder 181 Design Specifications.
The obtained dimensions and capacity of the hopper are as follows: Length:
400 mm.
Width: 42 mm.
Height: 301 mm.
With these dimensions, the hopper can hold 8.
4 kg of For the conveyor system, a shaftless screw conveyor was selected.
The screw has a capacity of 16 kg/hour.
To dispense 700 grams of feed per session, the screw requires 3 minutes and 40 seconds to distribute the feed into each container.
The specifications of the screw conveyor are detailed in Table 10.
Table 10.
Screw Conveyor Specifications Specifications Length Diameter Thickness Pitch Hourly Capacity Rotation Capacity Conveyor screw tanpa poros Description 1,5m 16,1kg/jam 35,73gram/putaran In designing the controller, the component specifications and number of components used are as Table 11.
Tool Specifications Component NodeMcu ESP8266
RTC DS3231
Relay 5V 1 chanel
Step down Sy8205
Motor Servo MG966R
Motor DC
LCD DSP-0012
Adaptor 12 V
Kabel male to female Kabel Awg 24
CCTV IPC-V380-E27-30
Specification Nodemcu 49mm x 26mm Board 102mm x 51mm P =38mm L = 22mm T = 14mm 53mm x 28mm 42mm x 20mm x 14mm 40,7mm x 19,7mm x 42,9mm Torsi 9,4 kgfcm .
,8V) 12V Speed: 10RPM
60mm x 90mm
12V 3A
Diameter kabel 0,6mm-1mm Diameter kabel 0,551mm 360A camera rotation, iOS/Android app support Amount From 10 test trials with varying times to achieve 700 grams of feed per feeding session, the results from tests P7-P10 showed that the average amount of dispensed feed was 710 grams.
The required time for this was 3 minutes and 40 seconds, which was selected as the optimal duration since the feed output closely matched the target of 700 grams.
References