The Effect of Environmental Factor and Use of Personal Protective Equipment on The Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Furniture Industry Workers Merry Sunaryo1 Department of Safety and Occupational Health.
Faculty of Health.
Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya.
Surabaya.
Indonesia Correspondence:
Merry Sunaryo.
Jl.
Jemursari No.
Surabaya.
East Java.
Indonesia Zip Code : 60237 Email: merry@unusa.
Received: September 9, 2019 Revised: December 18, 2019 Accepted: April 11, 2020 Abstract Dust is one type of potential hazardzs in the workplace that can affect the health of the workers.
The occupation that are always exposed to dust is furniture industry workers so that they have higher risk of getting acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) disorder which can interfere with breathing.
The wood dust is formed from some of the sawn wood and sanding that will lead to an acute respiratory tract infection.
The study aimed to determine the effect of environmental factor and the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) against the symptoms of acute respiratory infections in the furniture industry workers.
The research method used was quantitative method with observational and cross-sectional research types and it was analysed by using logistic regression test.
The population in this study was the workers of the furniture industry at Semarang street.
Surabaya City, with a total of 57 people, of which 37 furniture workers as a The results show that most of the workers has symptoms of acute respiratory tract infection.
It could be influenced by the environmental factor such as dust exposure that produced wood dust in each manufacturing Additionally, the use of PPE also affected the occurrence of acute respiratory tract infections symptoms in the workers.
In conslusion, many factors can influence the occurrence of acute respiratory tract infection symptoms in the furniture industry workers.
Therefore, it is necessary to minimize the dust exposure in workers by wearing PPE such as respirators.
Keywords Environmental factor, personal protective equipment, dust, acute respiratory tract infection symptoms INTRODUCTION conditions can be caused by unsafe actions Occupational illness is any disease and conditions.
One of the unsafe conditions contracted primarily as a result of an in the environment is the presence of dust exposure to risk factors arising from work hazards in the workplace.
The majority of activity, such us illnesses and medical work-related death based on the International Merry Sunaryo Labor Organization (ILO) data is cancer worker behavior includes the use of personal .
%), followed by occupational accidents protective equipment .
%),
%),
Dust is a solid chemical, caused by cardiovascular disease .
%), and others natural or mechanical forces such as .
%) .
Meanwhile, an acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) is a major health packing, blasting from objects, both organic problem in Indonesia, with the prevalence of and inorganic, which have a diameter such disease is as much as 25.
5%, where 16 1 AAm to 500 AAm .
There are provinces of which have a prevalence above several types of dust namely coal dust, the national rate.
Acute respiratory tract cement, cotton, asbestos, wood dust, dust infections rank first out of the 10 most during the rice milling process or organic diseases suffered by people in Indonesia.
The dust and others.
results of RISKESDAS of Indonesia (Basic workplace can cause acute or chronic Health Researc.
in 2013 showed that the respiratory distress in the workers.
Various factors affect the onset of such disease.
Those infections was 24%.
In addition, pneumonia factors include dust particles size and shape, also becomes the health problem in Indonesia dust concentration, dust chemical properties which is as much as 2.
and duration of dust exposure.
Individual Acute Exposure to dust in the Acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) factors also affect the onset of the disease are acute inflammatory events in the acute or such as lung defense mechanisms, anatomy lower respiratory tract caused by microbial or and physiology of the respiratory tract .
bacterial, viral, or rickets infections, without The wood furniture industry is one of the or accompanied by inflammation of the lung industries that has a very rapid development.
The factors that affect a The physical process of the raw materials of person's risk of Acute respiratory tract the furniture manufacture tends to produce pollution such as wood dust particles.
Approximately, 10 to 13% of the sawn wood One and sanding will produce wood dust.
This environmental factors is air pollution in the wood dust can generate particle pollution in workplace while the individual factors includ the air and environment.
In addition, the age, gender and education level which can wood furniture industry workers can be affect the risk of susceptibility to Acute exposed to dust .
Dust level that exceed the respiratory tract infections.
Meanwhile, the threshold and limit value for key air pollutans can cause health problems such as respiratory Ina J Med Lab Sci Tech 2020.
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Merry Sunaryo problems which can later become acute Semarang street.
Surabaya City.
Indonesia, respiratory infections.
High concentration of with a total of 57 people, of which 37 pollutants in the environment can damage the furniture workers were as the sample.
The lung defense mechanism.
However, dust sampling technique in this study was done by exposure can be a cause of ARI even though simple random sampling technique.
the level of wood dust is below the Not Available (NAV) .
The variables in this study consisted of Therefore, this study was analyzed the The independent variables were influence of environmental factor which in environmental factor .
and the use of this case is the wood dust and the use of personal protective equipment.
Meanwhile, personal protective equipment against the the dependent variable was acute respiratory tract infections.
Data collection techniques infections in the furniture industry workers in was done by using interview and observation Semarang street.
Surabaya city.
Indonesia.
with a questionnaire.
Data were calculated by logistic regression analysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This research method was a quantitative RESULTS research using observational research types Distribution of Acute Respiratory Tract and cross-sectional approach.
This research Infection Symptoms was carried out in Semarang street.
Surabaya Based on the results regarding the City.
East Java.
The population in this study distribution of workers who experienced ARI were the workers in the furniture industry in symptoms are shown in Table 1.
Table 1.
Distribution of Acute Respiratory Tract Infection Symptoms in Personal Characteristics of The Respondents Description Variable Acute respiratory tract infection symptoms Yes Total Number of Table 1 shows that the number of majority of workers in the Semarang Road workers who experienced symptoms of acute Furniture Industry has symptoms of acute respiratory tract infections was as many as 24 respiratory tract infections.
people out of 37 respondents .
%).
Based on the data above, it can be concluded that the Ina J Med Lab Sci Tech 2020.
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Merry Sunaryo Analysis of Environmental Factors on acute respiratory tract infections in the Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infection The analysis of environmental factors regression tests is presented in Tabel 2.
ood dus.
that affects the symptoms of Table 2.
Environmental Factor Analysis of Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections Variable Wald Sig Environmental Factor (Dust Exposur.
Exp(B) CI 95% Cox & Snell R Square *Logistic regression analysis Table 2 elaborates the results of an value have 6 times more risk of experiencing analysis of environmental factors .
ood or acute respiratory tract infections symptoms environmental dus.
with criteria above the compared to the workers who were exposed threshold value and below the threshold to dust below the threshold value.
These results indicated that dust above the threshold value has a significant effect on Analysis of The Use of Personal Protective Equipment Against Acute Respiratory infections with p-value 0.
018 < 0.
The Tract Infections Symptoms level of risk of dust on the occurrence of The results of the analysis on the effect acute respiratory tract infections symptoms in of the use of personal protective equipment the furniture workers based on the value of against symptoms of acute respiratory tract exp (B) is 6.
It can be interpreted that the infections in respondents by using a bivariate workers exposed to dust above the threshold logistic regression test showed in Table 3.
Table 3.
Results of Analysis of PPE on Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections Variable Wald Sig Exp(B) CI 95% Cox & Snell R Square PPE (Mas.
*Logistic regression analysis These results also show level of risk of regression test in Table 3, the use of mask has the use of personal protective equipment a significant effect on the symptoms of acute against the occurrence of acute respiratory respiratory tract infections p-value 0.
tract infections symptoms in the furniture Ina J Med Lab Sci Tech 2020.
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Based on the results of the logistic Merry Sunaryo workers based on an exp (B) value of 4.
worker behaviors such as smoking and the This can be interpreted that the workers who use of masks or other personal protective worked without using personal protective equipments also influence the risk of getting equipment have a 4.
8 times higher risk of ARI .
Exposure to dust can cause either acute infections symptoms compared to those who or chronic respiratory health problems.
Dust use personal protective equipment.
particles that can cause acute respiratory problems are industrial products that can pollute the air such as wood dust, coal.
DISCUSSION Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infection ARI is an acute inflammation of the above and below respiratory tract due to microbial or bacterial, viral, and rickets or accompanied by inflammation of the lung parenchyma .
ARI .
cute or lower respiratory tract diseas.
WHO, contagious which can then cause a variety of infections to severe deadly diseases .
ARI
is an infectious disease that attacks one part and or more of the airways, starting from the nose .
cute channe.
to the alveoli .
ower channe.
including related tissues, such as sinus, middle ear cavity and pleura .
There are several factors that can influence a person's risk of getting ARI, such Environmental factors include air pollution that can be generated from industrial product.
Meanwhile, individual factors affecting ARI are age, sex and education level.
Lastly, the cement, asbestos, chemicals, and the others.
There are several factors that influence the emergence of diseases or disorders of the respiratory tract due to dust.
These factors are dust particles, dust shape, concentration of dust, dust solubility and dust chemical properties as well as duration of dust Whereas, the individual factors include defense mechanisms or lung strength, anatomy and physiology of the respiratory tract .
Based on the results of this research, the infections was 24 out of 37 correspondent.
represents 65% of the workers.
It can be concluded that the majority of workers have ARI.
Acute infections have several symptoms, for example cough, flu, nasal congestion, sore throat, shortness of breath, fever, headache to muscle aches.
However, many symptoms of acute respiratory tract infections were not examined properly.
Many cases of ARI can cause complications, access to timely health Ina J Med Lab Sci Tech 2020.
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Merry Sunaryo services will reduce the risk of disease particles of 0.
1-10 AAm, covering all sizes of severity and even death.
Therefore, the need viruses .
1-1 AA.
and bacteria .
5-5 AA.
for supervision of symptoms of acute The pathogen is free and it can move in the respiratory tract infections in workers.
Recent findings suggest that shortterm dust exposure is associated with health Effect of Environmental Factors on effects even in low concentrations O100 Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Tract AAg/m3.
In this study, it was found that an Infection average PM10 concentration of 70.
60 AAg/m3 The result of this research indicated that resulted in ARI in the furniture industry dust exposure above the threshold limit value PM10 is a pollutant oxidant that can has a significant effect on symptoms of acute be inhaled by the respiratory tract.
Oxidants respiratory tract infections p-value <0.
are electrophilic chemicals that can move the The risk level of dust on the occurrence of electrons from various molecules which will lead to oxidation from these molecules.
infections in the furniture workers based on Oxidants can damage body cells through lung the value of exp (B) was 6.
It can be parenchyma cells, both alveolar cells and its interpreted that the workers who was exposed matrix .
to dust above the threshold limit value have 6 The threshold limit value for dust is a times more risk of experiencing symptoms of criterion in the workplace as a preventive acute respiratory tract infections compare to guideline in order that the workers are still those who were exposed to dust below the able to work without causing adverse health threshold limit value.
effect for no more than 8 hours a day or 40 Dust is one material that is often referred hours a week (Minister of Manpower and to as particles floating in the air with a size of Transmigration 1-500 AAm.
Dust is often used as an indicator threshold limit value for dust as stated in of pollution both inside and outside the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration It is also used to indicate the level Regulation (No.
PER.
13/MEN/X/2011 about of danger to the environment and to the the Threshold Limit Values of Physical and occupational health and safety.
High dust Chemical Substances in the Workplace Ai.
concentrations can be related to ARI events.
must not exceed 3.
0 mg/m3.
If the workplace PM10 (Particulate Matter Below 10 AA.
or containts dust exceeding the threshold limit dust is found in the furniture manufacturing value, it is very risky to cause health process or it can also be found in household problems, one of which is an ARI.
Ina J Med Lab Sci Tech 2020.
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The fuel use.
PM10 particles consist of complex Regulation.
Merry Sunaryo Effect of Use of Personal Protective significant relationship between the use of Equipment PPE .
and the incidence of ARI in Symptoms Acute those workers with a p-value of 0.
010 CI
Respiratory Tract Infections The results of the analysis in this study showed that the use of personal protective Personal protective equipments can equipment .
has a significant effect on prevent harmful particles such as gas, steam, and dust that can enter the respiratory system.
These results can be known from Therefore, masks or respirators can be used the significance value or p-value 0.
as personal protective equipments to prevent The risk level of the use of personal protective equipment against the occurrence symptoms in the furniture workers based on .
%) 1.
CONCLUSIONS
an exp (B) value was 4.
It can be Based on the results of the study, the interpreted that the workers who were not furniture industry workers have a risk of wearing protective mask have 4.
8 times higher risk of experiencing acute respiratory infections symptoms.
The workers who were tract infections symptoms compared to those exposed to dust above the threshold limit who did.
value have 6 times more risk of experiencing The results of this study are in line with acute respiratory tract infections symptoms the previous research .
about PM10 on compared to those who were exposed to dust ARI in the Furniture Industry Workers.
It was below the threshold limit value.
In addition, elaborated that there was a significant the workers who were not using personal relationship between the use of personal protective equipment .
8 times protective .
on the occurrence of ARI more risk of experiencing acute respiratory .
-value 0.
CI .
%) 2.
39 Ae 148.
of tract infections symptoms compared to those the 43 furniture workers who have ARI, who used personal protective equipment almost all workers do not use PPE, such as while working.
masks or other nose caps.
The results of this The research are also consistent with another industry at Semarang street.
Surabaya, should Rizki .
analyzed the risk factors of technically improve a routine supervision of ARI events on the workers in the Block the dust exposure control and their employeeAo Rubber production section of PT.
Sri Trang, working performance, especially the use of Indonesia.
personal protective equipments.
The workers It is stated that there was a Ina J Med Lab Sci Tech 2020.
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Merry Sunaryo must obey the rule of using masks to protect recommendation should also be implemented by the workers.
ARI.
Moreover, employeeAo health status should be checked Lastly.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST There are no conflicts of interest.
REFERENCES