e-Jurnal Apresiasi Ekonomi Volume 12.
Nomor 2.
Mei 2024: 309-325
ISSN Cetak : 2337-3997
ISSN Online : 2613-9774
INVESTIGATION OF BEHAVIORAL INTENTION TO USE DIGITAL
PAYMENT SYSTEM IN INDONESIA FROM MERCHANT AND
CONSUMER PERSPECTIVE (CASE STUDY: QRIS)
Kalasha Anajma Fathi1.
Harimukti Wandebori2 School of Business and Management.
Institut Teknologi Bandung.
Indonesia Email: kalasha_anajma@sbm-itb.
id, harimukti@sbm-itb.
ABSTRACT
As a developing country.
Bank Indonesia has established a National QR payment system called QRIS as an implementation of Gerakan Nasional Non-Cash.
QRIS aims to encourage national development through financial inclusion programs in the digital era.
The QRIS system involves Merchants and Consumers as endusers of this system, as well as involving other main stakeholders such as Bank Indonesia, the Government, and PJSP.
Since it was first published on August 17 2019.
QRIS has experienced a significant increase in end-users, especially after the COVID-19 outbreak until now.
However, this increase was not accompanied by an increase in transaction volume, resulting in a mismatch between end-user development and transaction volume.
Therefore, in this research, an investigation will be carried out from the perspective of merchants and consumers to see what factors influence it and how these conditions can provide solutions for the development of QRIS.
This research uses the extended variable UTAUT with government support, trust, and perceived value as additional variables.
The data used is primary and secondary data with a nonprobability approach involving 450 respondents, then processed using the SEM-PLS technique.
The results show that government support is the variables that most influence behavioral intentions from the perspective of merchants and consumers.
Increasing behavioral intentions from the perspective of merchants and consumers has a very important role.
It is recommended that an integrated program between merchants involves other stakeholders to realize national development through QRIS.
However, this research is still limited to the scope of Indonesia, so future research is recommended to add other variables and explore other digital payment developments to gain broader insight.
Keywords: QRIS.
Merchant.
Consumer.
Integration INTRODUCTION The development of human civilization and science encourages technological development to become rapid and more sophisticated.
This development encourages humans to be able to adapt to every change because they have an important role in various sectors.
This factor encourages humans to continue to be creative and The "Internet" emerged as a technological development that always coexists with human life.
The use of technology in the financial sector has brought significant changes to the Changes consumption patterns towards digital encourage payments that are mobile, fast, and at the same time remain safe (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, 2.
However, the uncontrolled flow of digitalization macroeconomic stability and economic-financial inclusion in the long term (Damayanti & Jalunggono, 2.
Without adequate credibility and integrity, public trust in the financial system will eroded.
For Bank Indonesia, the wrong direction of digitalization will actually distort money circulation, as well as disrupting monetary stability and financial system stability.
Bank Indonesia formulated BSPI 2025 which is fully oriented towards development efforts a healthy ecosystem as a guide to digital economic and financial development in Indonesia (Bank Indonesia, 2019.
One of the innovations carried out by Bank Indonesia in supporting BPSI 2025 is the launch of Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) on 17 August 2017.
According to data from the Indonesian Payment Systems Association (ASPI) (Asosiasi Sistem Pembayaran Indonesia, 2.
, the number of merchants and consumers in 2022.
Even though the number continues to increase, the value of QRIS transactions at each merchant on average still tends to be low and fluctuating.
There is a mismatch between end-user development and transaction volume as a result of this increase not being matched by an increase in transaction Therefore, in order to determine what influences it and how these circumstances can lead to solutions for the development of QRIS, an e-Jurnal Apresiasi Ekonomi Volume 12.
Nomor 2.
Mei 2024: 309-325 investigation will be conducted in this study from the perspectives of merchants and consumers.
The gap in this research lies in the fact that the increase in the number of QRIS users is not followed by a significant increase in transaction This suggests a mismatch between enduser development and the resulting transaction This research attempts to map the Behavioural Intention factors developed through the adapted basic concept of UTAUT2, by involving the perspectives of the two sides of QRIS users, namely Merchants and Consumers.
The urgency of this research is to understand the factors that influence behavioural intention from the perspective of merchants and consumers, who have a very important role in the development of QRIS.
This research also aims to provide solutions for the development of QRIS through an integrated programme involving merchants and other stakeholders, so as to support national development through financial inclusion in the digital era.
In addition, this research is expected to provide a broader and deeper insight into the adoption of digital payment systems in Indonesia, which is highly relevant in the context of the ongoing digital transformation.
LITERATURE REVIEW
ISSN Cetak : 2337-3997 ISSN Online : 2613-9774 Behavioral intention is a condition where consumers have intentions or an attitude of loyalty to an item or services, and voluntarily tell the advantages of the product or services to people or other parties (Kotler & Armstrong, 2.
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) initiated by Davis (Davis, 1.
and UTAUT initiated by Venkatesh (Venkatesh et al.
, 2.
are primary concept and widely applied as the main construct of Behavioral Intention.
Behavioral intention is one of the measuring tools used to predict actual behavior when using new technology (LiybanaCabanillas et al.
, 2.
One of the new technological developments is the use of mobile In the context of mobile payment, (Zarmpou et al.
, 2.
and (Saha & Theingi, 2.
state that behavioral intention refers to the user's probability of willingness to make mobile payment and perform a certain behavioral act.
This can be interpreted as meaning that someone will carry out a behavior if they have the desire or interest to do Likewise with technology, the use of a technology is based on the user's desires or expectations, which are influenced by the user's actions and the benefits of the technology are realised by users who have used it.
Behavioral intention reflects a person's level of tendency to use technology, so it plays an important role in the adoption and use of a technology.
Table 1.
Indicator of Behavioral Intention Indicator of Behavioral Intention Intention to use in the Intention to always use a system in everyday life Plan to use a system as often as possible Definition Behavioral intention refers to whether or not an individual intends to use mobile internet again in the future.
Behavioral intention is the presence or absence of an individual's intention to use mobile internet or systems in the individual's daily life.
Behavioral intention is measured by an individual's intention to use the mobile internet or the system they have used as often as possible.
The level of convenience of the system that will reduce the effort .
nergy and tim.
of individuals in doing their work is referred as effort expectancy (Venkatesh et al.
, 2.
Export expectancy is similar to the concept of perceived ease of use in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).
The convenience of information technology will create a feeling in a person that the system is useful and therefore creates a feeling of comfort when working using it.
Effort expectancy strongly predicts the intention to use mobile payments (Wang & Yi, 2.
The distinct technological nature of QR Codes, separate from Reference (Slade et al.
(Venkatesh et , 2.
remote mobile payments, will impact behavioral intention based on the perceived ease of use.
Based on the arguments, this study concludes the following hypotheses:
H1: Effort expectancy positively affects behavioral intention to use digital payment system in Indonesia e-Jurnal Apresiasi Ekonomi Volume 12.
Nomor 2.
Mei 2024: 309-325 ISSN Cetak : 2337-3997 ISSN Online : 2613-9774 Table 2.
Indicator of Effort Expectancy Indicator of Export Expectancy Perceived ease of use Complexity Ease of use Definition Perceived ease of use as the level of confidence that someone who uses a system will be free from effort.
Complexity is defined as the degree to which a system is considered relatively difficult to understand and use Ease of use as the degree to which using an innovation is considered easy to use.
The extent to which an individual perceives the interests believed by other people to influence him or her to use a new system is referred as social influence.
Social influence is a determining factor in behavioral goals in using information technology (Venkatesh et al.
, 2.
certain environments, the use of information technology will increase a person's status .
in the social system (Moore & Benbasat, 1.
terms of technology, social influence is one of the variables often used in mobile payments (Slade et , 2.
According to Venkatesh and Davis (Venkatesh & Davis, 2.
, social influence has an impact on individual behavior through three Reference (Davis, 1.
(Thompson et al.
(Venkatesh et al.
mechanisms, namely compliance, internalization and identification.
It can be concluded that the more influence an environment has on potential users of information technology to use a new information technology, the greater the interest that arises from the potential user's personality in using that information technology because of the strong influence of the surrounding environment.
Based on the arguments above, this study concludes the following hypotheses:
H2: Social Influence positively affects behavioral intention to use digital payment system in Indonesia Table 3.
Indicator of Social Influence Indicator of Social Influence Definition Being in the presence of people who regularly use Surrounding individuals who and interact with technology devices such as use technology smartphones, tablets, laptops, or other electronic Surrounding individual advice The guidance and suggestions given to a specific to use technology person about their use of technology.
Influence can range from adoption and usage The impact of the people patterns to support and knowledge sharing, and around you on technology use can significantly impact how interact with technology in your daily life.
Habit is defined as the extent to which people tend to use it automatically because of learning (Venkatesh et al.
, 2.
According to (Limayem et al.
, 2.
, habit is defined as the extent to which people tend to carry out behavior automatically due to the learning process.
person's habits will determine how that person makes decisions.
Likewise, interest in using a technology will very likely be influenced by the Reference (Venkatesh et al.
habits of potential users.
People who are used to using similar technology will tend to have more interest in using it than people who are not used to Based on the arguments above, this study concludes the following hypotheses:
H3: Habit positively affects behavioral intention to use digital payment system in Indonesia e-Jurnal Apresiasi Ekonomi Volume 12.
Nomor 2.
Mei 2024: 309-325 Indicator of Habit Past Behavior Routine User Gained Experience Table 4.
Indicator of Habit Definition Past behavior is often equated with habit for measurement convenience, but habit can only be considered an explanatory variable in the theory of planned behavior when defined independently.
Routine refers to unvarying daily habits or customs that reflect the observable consequences of habit, reflecting the unvarying procedures, habits, or customs that are part of daily life.
Users developed stable routines and habits for using technology, reducing the need for discussion, coordination, or effortful decision making.
How quickly one person adopts a new technology compared to the other of society is the concept of innovation introduced by (Rogers, 1.
who defined personal innovativeness.
The userAos willingness to try out new things or new technology is referred as Innovativeness (Yi et al.
Someone who is new to technology or is experimenting with new technology believes that new technology is an expression of an innovation or novelty-seeking tendency.
While technology acceptance model is not discussed too much about innovativeness, it has been found that innovativeness has supported new product Price value is a form that underlies perceived service quality, as an ingredient of value, perceived service quality can be conceptualized as a result and exchange or Consumer sale between perceived quality and Consumer sacrifices in financial and non-financial terms.
Price value is the cost that consumers must incur for using a Positive price value when used for Reference (Thompson et al.
(Ajzen, 1.
(Saga & Zmud, (Tyre & Orlikowski, 1.
purchases and innovation adoption (Slade et al.
Consumer innovativeness concept is essential for marketing practitioners as an extension of the UTAUT concept (Aroean & Michaelidou, 2.
In the context of mobile payment, innovativeness possibly could affect mobile payment services (Liybana-Cabanillas et , 2.
Based on the arguments above, this study concludes the following hypotheses:
H4: Innovativeness positively affects behavioral intention to use digital payment system in Indonesia Table 5.
Indicator of Innovativeness Definition Willingness to engage with and understand the new technology through When I hear about new hands-on experience or conducting technology.
I will try to experiments to gain practical knowledge find a way to experiment with it about its functionality, capabilities, or possible applications.
The earliest or most informed individual Among my colleagues.
I am the to become aware of and acquire first to know knowledge about new technological about new technology.
Individual's enjoyment and interest in I like experimenting with new trying out and exploring different types of advanced tools, devices, software, or any other technological innovations Indicator of Social Influence ISSN Cetak : 2337-3997 ISSN Online : 2613-9774 Reference (Slade et al.
, 2.
(Thakur & Srivastava, 2.
, (Wang & Yi, 2.
Technology use is perceived to outweigh the monetary costs of scarification by Consumers, so price value has a positive impact on intentions (Venkatesh et al.
, 2.
When a number of costs are charged to someone when using a technology, it should be accompanied by a benefit value that is balanced with the costs borne.
Base on the e-Jurnal Apresiasi Ekonomi Volume 12.
Nomor 2.
Mei 2024: 309-325 arguments above, this study concludes following hypotheses:
ISSN Cetak : 2337-3997 ISSN Online : 2613-9774 H5: Price Value positively affects behavioral intention to use digital payment system in Indonesia Table 6.
Indicator of Social Influence Indicator of Social Influence Definition Mobile internet has an affordable price.
Affordable prices will be an individual Reasonable price value consideration in determining the use of a Good value for money is the second item used to measure the price value variable.
This is because an individual will Good value for money consider whether the price or costs incurred will be commensurate with the benefits the individual will obtain later.
Whether mobile internet provides good At the current price.
Provides a value when individuals pay prices at a good value certain level.
The term "governance" refers to the formal or informal procedures used to assign accountability or responsibility to different system participants (Sheikh et al.
, 2.
Multiple studies have demonstrated that government regulations play a significant role in determining the level of acceptance of e-banking, as evidenced by the influence of the government's share.
In Indonesia.
QRIS is governed by the Peraturan Anggota Dewan Gubernur (PADG) No.
21/18/PADG/2019
(Bank Indonesia, 2019.
concerning the Implementation of the National Standard Quick Response Code for Payments, which was enacted on August 16, 2019.
As a result, it is predicted that government support will have an impact on behavioral intention.
The research conducted by (Chong et al.
, 2.
and (Tan & Teo, 2.
demonstrates a direct correlation between government support and the intention to engage in A study conducted by (Aji et al.
indicates that government support has a positive impact on the perceived usefulness of using e-wallets in Malaysia and Indonesia during the covid-19 pandemic.
This hypothesis is based on the research conducted by (Mohamed Al Reference (Venkatesh et al.
Haderi, 2014.
and (Hai & Kazmi, 2.
, which suggests that perceived usefulness can be influenced by external factors such as government The utilization of e-wallets by the Indonesian populace is influenced by their perception of government support manifested as benefits, as stated by Aji et al.
The impact of government support on the willingness to utilize e-wallets can be better explained by perceived usefulness (Aji et al.
, 2.
Consumers are more motivated to use an ewallet when they perceive government assistance.
According to the study conducted by (Budi et al.
, perceived usefulness is identified as a key determinant for technology adoption.
Based on the arguments above, this study concludes the following hypotheses:
H6: Government Support positively affects behavioral intention to use digital payment system in Indonesia.
H6a: Government Support positively affects perceived usefulness to use digital payment system in Indonesia.
H6b: Government Support positively affects trust toward digital payment system in Indonesia.
e-Jurnal Apresiasi Ekonomi Volume 12.
Nomor 2.
Mei 2024: 309-325 Table 7.
Indicator of Government Support Indicator of Government Definition Support The government supports and promotes The government encourages the use of QRIS as a preferred mode of transactions through QRIS conducting transactions The government takes necessary The government ensures that the measures to ensure the proper functioning QRIS server facility can run.
and operation of the QRIS server facility The Indonesian government, as the The government encourages governing body, promotes payment payment innovation through innovation, which involves new and QRIS.
improved methods of financial Perceived usefulness refers to the degree to which an individual believes that utilizing a specific system will enhance their performance (Davis, 1.
When a user feels that there is a positive relationship between the system's use and performance, that system is perceived as being highly useful.
This term aligns with the word "useful," which is defined as having the capacity to be utilized in a profitable manner.
Perceived usefulness is an effective indicator of technology use, according to numerous findings of previous studies (Hampshire, 2017.
Lifen Zhao et al.
, 2.
According to (Commer et al.
, 2.
, there is a Performance Expectancy and the Perceived Usefulness in the behavior model.
The degree to which a person expects that utilizing a system would make it easier for them to perform better at work is known as performance expectancy (Ghalandari, 2.
study conducted by (Aji et al.
, 2.
found that the perceived usefulness of e-wallets plays a mediating ISSN Cetak : 2337-3997 ISSN Online : 2613-9774 Reference (Aji et al.
, 2.
role in the relationship between government support and behavioral intentions to use e-wallets in Malaysia and Indonesia during the COVID-19 The perceived of usefulness has a positive impact on the intention to use an electronic wallet (Aji et al.
, 2.
The level of usefulness that people perceive in electronic money strongly predicts their actual use of it.
Based on the arguments above, this study concludes the following hypotheses:
H7: Perceived usefulness positively affects behavioral intention to use digital payment system in Indonesia.
H7a: Perceived usefulness mediates relationship between government support and behavioral intention to use digital payment system in Indonesia.
Table 8.
Indicator of Perceived Usefulness Indicator of Government Support Faster work Job performance Increase in productivity Effectiveness Makes work easier and useful Definition Reference Completing tasks or activities more quickly.
This can be achieved through improved efficiency, reduced processing time, or the use of more effective tools and methods.
The effectiveness and efficiency with which an individual carries out the responsibilities and tasks associated with their job A measure of how efficiently resources are utilized to achieve desired outputs.
The degree to which objectives are achieved.
This phrase suggests that the tools, methods, or processes implemented in a work environment are designed to simplify tasks, reduce effort, and contribute to the overall usefulness and efficiency of the work being performed.
(Davis, 1.
e-Jurnal Apresiasi Ekonomi Volume 12.
Nomor 2.
Mei 2024: 309-325 Trust by is defined as a person's willingness to be sensitive to the actions of other people based on the hope that other people will carry out certain actions towards the person who trusts them, without depending on their ability to monitor and control them (Schoorman et al.
, 2.
(Owusu Kwateng et al.
, 2.
defines trust as reliability, truth, strength and ability over the personal opinions of other people or an organization.
Trust is also a fundamental factor that builds lasting Historically, trust has been viewed as both a unitary and multidimensional concept and has proven challenging to define (McKnight et al.
Furthermore, compared to other traditional technology adoption factors like perceived usefulness, trust has been found by some of these studies to be the most significant predictor of behavioral intention (Chandra et al.
, 2010.
Shin.
Prospective users give careful thought to the risks involved in adopting financial technology.
ISSN Cetak : 2337-3997 ISSN Online : 2613-9774 Consumers are eager to embrace technology as long as they feel secure and trusted with it (Hossain et al.
, 2.
It is also supported by past research by Namahoot and Laovachien .
that users' behavioral intention to use online banking is influenced by their level of trust.
In order to explain how government endorsement can increase user adoption of a specific payment technology and shift trust toward the government, (Lu et al.
employ the trust transfer theory.
Therefore, the effect of government support on the behavioral intention to adopt the QRIS payment system may be mediated by user trust.
Based on the arguments above, this study concludes the following H8: Trust positively affects behavioral intention to use digital payment system in Indonesia.
H8a: Trust mediates relationship between government support and behavioral intention to use digital payment system in Indonesia.
Table 9.
Indicator of Trust Indicator of Government Support Ability Integrity Benevolence Definition Reference Consumers receive a guarantee of satisfaction and security from the seller when carrying out transactions.
Integrity is related to how the seller's behavior or habits run their business.
The information provided to consumers is true or not.
The quality of the products sold is whether they can be trusted or not.
Sellers do not only pursue maximum profits, but also have great attention in realizing consumer satisfaction.
(Mayer et al.
, 1.
Based on published data from the Indonesian Payment System (Asosiasi Sistem Pembayaran Indonesia, 2.
and previous research that integrates the concept of adapting payment system technology to Behavioral Intention, it can be concluded that the increase in QRIS users from the end-user, does not go hand in hand with the increase in transaction volume Therefore, this research tries to carry out a mapping between Behavioral Intention factors which were developed through the adapted basic concept of UTAUT2.
This research involves research from two sides of QRIS users, namely Merchants and Consumers to facilitate mapping of the relationship between variables in the model formulated based on literature studies from this The figure below shows the conceptual framework of this study:
e-Jurnal Apresiasi Ekonomi Volume 12.
Nomor 2.
Mei 2024: 309-325 ISSN Cetak : 2337-3997 ISSN Online : 2613-9774 Figure 1.
Conceptual Framework
RESEARCH METHODS
This analysis will use both primary data and secondary data approaches to collect the data and materials required for this research.
Furthermore, data will be collected through a quantitative approach by distributing an online survey, which will then be examined using statistical data analysis.
The PLS-SEM method was chosen as the research methodology with a sample size ranging from 100 to 200 which is usually recommended as a good first step in conducting path modeling (Hoyle, 1.
This study uses primary and secondary data with a nonprobability approach involving 450 respondents.
The sampling method used is purposive sampling, which is a non-random sampling technique.
The online survey questionnaire will be available through Google Forms and distributed through social media platforms such as WhatsApp and Instagram.
This research processes data in the form of a Likert scale for each construct that will provide solutions to the research conducted.
The outline of the questionnaire is as follows.
examine the distribution of the data obtained from the previous online survey, this investigation uses descriptive analysis.
The collected data will later be processed using SmartPLS 4.
0 software, a graphical user interface to simplify calculations (Hair et al.
, 2.
The measurement model, multicollinearity assessment, and structural model are the three components of the analysis.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter involves a thorough analysis of collected data.
This process begins with the development of a structured questionnaire aligned with research objectives.
Criteria are then defined to categorize responses, facilitating later analysis.
Behavioral analysis focuses on identifying patterns in participant responses.
Descriptive analysis summarizes data characteristics, while statistical analysis involves applying tests to assess relationships or differences between variables.
Validity limitations are essential.
The chapter concludes by summarizing key findings, setting the stage for interpretation in subsequent chapters.
e-Jurnal Apresiasi Ekonomi Volume 12.
Nomor 2.
Mei 2024: 309-325 Variables Gender Age Domcile Position on Business Business Category Type of Business Table 10.
Merchant Profile Options Male Female 17 - 25 Years 26 - 35 Years 36 - 45 Years 46 - 55 Years > 55 Years Medan Jakarta Bandung Semarang Surabaya Kalimantan Makassar Indonesia Timur Owner Employee Culinary Fashion Crafting Tour & Travel Others Micro enterprise Small Enterprise ISSN Cetak : 2337-3997 ISSN Online : 2613-9774 Percentage e-Jurnal Apresiasi Ekonomi Volume 12.
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Mei 2024: 309-325 Variables Gender Age Domcile Incomer per Month Occupation Expense per Month Table 11.
Consumer Profile Options Male Female 17 - 25 Years 26 - 35 Years 36 - 45 Years 46 - 55 Years Medan Jakarta Bandung Semarang Surabaya Kalimantan Makassar Indonesia Timur < Rp1.
Rp1.
000 - Rp3.
Rp3.
000 -Rp5.
> Rp5.
Student Employee Housewife PNS Unemployment Other < Rp1.
Rp1.
000 Ae Rp2.
Rp2.
000 -Rp5.
> Rp5.
Measurement Model (Validity.
Reliability, and Collinearit.
The measurement model began with validity .
onvergent validity with AVE) that all latent variables are considered valid because AVE values meet the acceptable limit of 0.
5 and .
iscriminant validity with HTMT) HTMT values are below 0.
9 can be concluded that each variable passed the discriminant validity and measurement model tests.
Reliability .
ndicator reliability with factor loadin.
indicate that the tested indicator ISSN Cetak : 2337-3997 ISSN Online : 2613-9774 Percentage loadings are all reliable, as their values exceed the minimum requirement of 0.
70 and .
nternal consistent reliability with cronbachAos alfa and composite reliabilit.
it can assume that each variable has successfully passed the internal consistency reliability test and is suitable for further evaluation because have minimum values 7 .
6 for exploratory studie.
The collinearity (VIF) values are below 5, indicating that there isn't of any multicollinearity issue with the indicators.
e-Jurnal Apresiasi Ekonomi Volume 12.
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Variable Code
EE1
Effort
Expectancy EE2
(EE)
EE3
SI1
Social
Influence SI2
(SI)
SI3
HT1
Habit
HT2
(HT)
HT3
IV1
Innovativeness IV2
(IV)
IV3
PV1
Price Value PV2
(PV)
PV3
GS1
Government GS2
Support
GS3
(GS)
GS4
PU1
PU2
Perceived Usefulness PU3
(PU)
PU4
PU5
Trust
(T)
BI1
Behavioral Intention
BI2
(BI)
BI3
0,5952
0,6026
0,9475
0,7686
0,7734
0,4659
0,7145
0,7838
ISSN Cetak : 2337-3997 ISSN Online : 2613-9774 Table 11.
Measurement Model
CronbachAos Factor Loading Alfa
0,9320 0,9320
0,9525 0,9525 0.
0,9304 0,9304
0,9412 0,939
0,9420 0,961 0.
0,9243 0,948
0,8254 0,8254
0,8863 0,8863 0.
0,8820 0,8820
0,8731 0,8731
0,8978 0,8978 0.
0,8802 0,8802
0,9622 0,978
0,9690 0,983 0.
0,9698 0,978
0,8586 0,8586
0,8464 0,8464
0,9188 0,9188
0,8801 0,8801
0,8461 0,8461
0,8645 0,8645
0,8678 0,8678 0.
0,8733 0,8733
0,8661 0,8661
0,8998 0,905
0,8800 0,900 0.
0,9349 0,934
0,9372 0,914
0,8912 0,917 0.
0,8802 0,887
AVE
0,6906
0,7013
0,7236
0,7292
0,5917
0,7499
0,7940
0,7964
0,5957
0,6646
0,7070
0,6637
0,5595
0,6164
0,6254
Table 12.
Merchant Discriminant Validity with HTMT
0,6763
0,7365
0,6559
0,8523
0,5578
0,4859
0,7647
VIF
0,5638
0,5853
0,9387
0,5629
0,5282
0,5748
e-Jurnal Apresiasi Ekonomi Volume 12.
Nomor 2.
Mei 2024: 309-325 ISSN Cetak : 2337-3997 ISSN Online : 2613-9774 Table 13.
Consumer Discriminant Validity with HTMT
0,665
0,739
0,880
0,829
0,823
0,485
0,668
0,847
0,682
0,815
0,678
0,856
0,552
0,563
0,784
0,624
0,691
0,754
0,828
0,636
0,575
0,824
0,839
0,813
0,590
0,721
0,764
Hypothesis Testing The investigation has established the hypothesis, which was previously outlined with twelve hyphothesis for perspective of merchant and consumer.
During this part, the investigation is 0,767 0,619 0,658 0,781 0,572 0,556 0,927 going to support these hypotheses by assessing the t-test, p-value, and path coefficient.
Listed below is a comprehensive table and detailed analysis of the findings for each hypothesis.
Table 13.
Hypothesis Testing Path T Statistic* Coefficient Hyphotheses P Values** (|O/STDEV|) .
Merchant
EE E BI
-0,2040
2,9818
0,0015
SI E BI
0,1954
3,0157
0,0013
HT E BI
0,5425
7,6933
0,0000
IV E BI
0,1976
3,5478
0,0002
PV E BI
-0,0935
1,2773
0,1010
GS E BI
-0,1173
1,6234
0,0526
H6a
GS E PU
0,6561
10,0866
0,0000
H6b
GS E T
0,6740
11,7727
0,0000
PU E BI
0,1009
0,8693
0,1925
H7a
GS E PU E BI
0,0662
0,8693
0,1925
T E BI
0,3394
3,3493
0,0004
H8a
GS E T E BI
0,2288
3,2197
0,0007
Consumer EE E BI
-0,175
3,027
0,003
SI E BI
0,073
1,780
0,076
HT E BI
0,772
5,436
0,000
IV E BI
0,754
2,782
0,006
PV E BI
0,376
2,150
0,032
GS E BI
0,172
0,871
0,384
H6a
GS E PU
0,221
26,377
0,000
H6b
GS E T
-0,114
21,126
0,000
T E BI
0,095
2,835
0,005
H7a
GS E T E BI
0,282
2,713
0,007
PU E BI
0,171
2,435
0,015
H8a
GS E PU E BI
0,213
2,439
0,015
*t-value > 1.
96 | ** p-value < 0.
Based on hypothesis testing result it can be conducted that from merchant perspective eight from twelve hypothesis are significant toward behavioral intention.
This result is aligned with prior investigations conducted by (Madigan et al.
who indicated that EE is having significant 0,475 0,579 Result Conclusion Sig Sig Sig Sig Insig Insig Sig Sig Insig Insig Sig Sig Accepted Accepted Accepted Accepted Rejected Rejected Accepted Accepted Rejected Rejected Accepted Accepted Sig Insig Sig Sig Sig Insig Sig Sig Sig Sig Sig Sig Accepted Rejected Accepted Accepted Accepted Rejected Accepted Accepted Accepted Accepted Accepted Accepted effects towards BI, (Nugraha & Rachmawati, 2.
who indicated that SI is having significant effects towards BI, (Chen & Chen, 2.
and (Qazi et al.
, 2.
who indicated that HT is having significant effects towards BI, (Michael Musyaffi et al.
, 2.
and (Jaiswal et al.
, 2.
who e-Jurnal Apresiasi Ekonomi Volume 12.
Nomor 2.
Mei 2024: 309-325 indicated that IV is having significant effects towards BI, (Slade et al.
, 2.
who indicated that PV isnAot having significant effects towards BI, (Aji et al.
, 2.
who indicated that GS isnAot having significant effects towards BI, (Mohamed Al Haderi, 2014.
who indicated that GS is affected PU to use digital payment, (Welch et al.
who indicated that GS is affected T to use digital payment, (Afgani et al.
, 2.
indicated that PU isnAot having significant effects towards BI, (Aji et al.
, 2.
indicated that insignificant effect of Trsut (T) as mediator between Government Support (GS) and Behavioral Intention (BI), (Slade et al.
, 2.
regarding the willingness to accept proximity mobile payments as well as by (Widodo et al.
, 2.
on the subject of digital wallets, and (Aji et al.
, 2.
who indicated significant effect of Perceived Usefulness (PU) as mediator between Government Support (GS) and Behavioral Intention (BI).
Moreover, from consumer perspective ten from twelve hypothesis are significant toward behavioral intention.
This result is aligned with prior investigations conducted by Hafiy Fadzil, 2.
who indicated that EE is having significant effects towards BI, (Sultana, 2.
who indicated that SI isnAot having significant effects towards BI, (Duong & Nguyen, 2.
who indicated that HT is having significant effects towards BI, (Michael Musyaffi et al.
, 2.
and (Jaiswal et al.
, 2.
who indicated that IV is having significant effects towards BI, (Hafiy Fadzil, 2.
who indicated that PV is having significant effects towards BI, (Mensah, 2.
who indicated that GS isnAot a predictor of the intention to use e-government services, (Mohamed Al Haderi, 2014.
who indicated that GS is affected PU to use digital payment, (Welch et al.
, 2.
who indicated that GS is affected T to use digital payment, (Puspitasari & Salehudin, 2.
indicated that PU is having significant effects towards BI, (Puspitasari & Salehudin, 2.
indicated that significant effect of Trust (T) as mediator between Government Support (GS) and Behavioral Intention (BI), (Puspitasari & Salehudin, 2.
and (Widodo et al.
, 2.
who indicated that T is having significant effects towards BI, and (Puspitasari & Salehudin, 2.
and (Aji et al.
who indicated significant effect of Perceived Usefulness (PU) as mediator between Government Support (GS) and Behavioral Intention (BI).
In looking for factors that can influence merchants' and consumers' intentions to actually use QRIS technology, the investigation adopted a theory by (Venkatesh et al.
, 2.
called UTAUT2.
The researcher also added two ISSN Cetak : 2337-3997 ISSN Online : 2613-9774 additional independent variables adopted from prior frameworks by (Puspitasari & Salehudin, 2.
and (Slade et al.
, 2.
, namely The research found that, from a merchant perspective, five hypotheses significantly affect behavioral intention, and the other three focus on perceived usefulness and trust as intervening factors of the QRIS feature.
The eight hypotheses are effort expectancy, social influence, habit, innovativeness, perceived usefulness towards behavioral intention, government toward trust, and trust as an intervening variable between government support and behavioral intention.
This is different from the consumer perspective, where six hypotheses significantly affect behavioral intention and the other four on perceived usefulness and trust as intervening of the QRIS feature toward behavioral intention.
The ten innovativeness, price value, trust, perceived usefulness and trust, and trust also perceived usefulness as an intervening variable between government support and behavioral intention.
These significant constructs can be used further as the literature to consider these variables important in determining QRIS feature adoption.
The outcome can also be one of the most influential factors for the particular target markets of this This research offers valuable insights for managerial decision-making, particularly in fostering economic growth for merchants, consumers, and stakeholders within the digital payment ecosystem.
The study's findings can serve as a guide for SME owners and managers, aiding in the formulation of effective business strategies by underscoring the significance of QRIS as a preferred payment method.
By delving into the preferences and behaviors of consumers across diverse demographic segments, such as age and gender, businesses can tailor their marketing and operational approaches to attract and retain consumer successfully.
Furthermore, the research emphasizes the critical role of a user-friendly QRIS payment infrastructure for SMEs.
Encouraging businesses to invest in and integrate QRIS payment systems can enhance the overall customer experience, increase convenience, boost customer sales, and foster loyalty.
Additionally, the recommendations from this study can assist stakeholders in evaluating the impact of QRIS adoption on merchants, consumers, and the broader This information is instrumental in formulating supportive policies and initiatives to e-Jurnal Apresiasi Ekonomi Volume 12.
Nomor 2.
Mei 2024: 309-325 further drive digital payment adoption and cultivate a favorable business environment.
summary, the managerial contribution of this research lies in its ability to offer practical implications for business practitioners and decision-makers, aiding them in navigating challenges and making informed decisions.
The study provides suggestions and recommendations that can assist companies and organizations in addressing strategic or tactical changes aligned with the research's objectives.
CONCLUSION
QRIS aims to encourage national development through financial inclusion programs in the digital era should implement integrated system to make sustainable system.
These results are possible given that the combination of these factors addresses various aspects of user experience, social dynamics, individual characteristics, and external This holistic approach acknowledges the multifaceted nature of digital payment adoption, emphasizing that successful implementation requires a balance of usability, social acceptance, governmental backing, perceived utility, and user It can contribute to the overall perceived usefulness and trust in QRIS, positively shaping consumers' behavioral intentions to use the system in Indonesia.
The interplay of these factors creates a favorable environment for the adoption of digital payment QRIS systems.
BIBLIOGRAPHY