PUBLIPRENEUR POLIMEDIA: JURNAL ILMIAH
JURUSAN PENERBITAN POLITEKNIK NEGERI MEDIA KREATIF
Vol.
No.
July 2020 Submitted: 5 July 2020 Revised: 15 July 2020 Accepted: 30 July 2020 Linguistic Features and Generic Structures in Discussion Writing:
A Case Study at Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif Liza Amalia Putri Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif aputri@polimedia.
ABSTRACT
What kind of linguistic features and generic structures do the students of Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif use in their discussion writing? This study aims at analyzing the linguistic features and generic structures found in the studentsAo writing.
The SFL Theory of Genre covering linguistic features and generic structures by Gerot and Wigmel is used to analyze the data.
The study uses the descriptive qualitative research method and analyzes the writing of the students who have learned how to write discussion essay.
The finding is that the dominant linguistic feature of all the texts is the generic human and non-human All students follow the rules of writing: the generic structure, the arguments for, the arguments against and the conclusion or recommendation.
The students have put all linguistic features in their discussion writing.
Keywords: linguistic features, generic structures, discussion writing INTRODUCTION Learning to write in either a first or second language is one of the most difficult tasks a learner encounters and one that few people can be said to fully master (Richards, 1.
Even at university level, students require further instruction in writing.
Writing teachers also face some difficulties.
The responsibility of responding and assessing student work is, by far, the most important duty of the university writing lecturers.
The value they place on student work will determine not only the course grade for the student, but also is a factor in future scholarships, financial aid packages, and possible admission to graduate school (Putri and Bustos, 2.
Writing classes in universities nowadays are still predominantly language-based writing classes that focus on sentence writing for sentence building tests, rather than focusing on creating compositions to serve the purpose of plurality of real readers outside the classroom context (Hinkel, 2.
This research is a way to analyze studentsAo writing skills and to find the dominant errors that they make while learning this skill by using genre.
According to Hyland .
, genre is a term for grouping texts together, representing how writers typically use language to respond to reoccurring situations.
Luu .
states every genre has a number of features which make it different to other genres.
Sinar et al .
also agree that each genre has a specific purpose, an overall structure, specific linguistic features, and is shared by members of the culture, specific linguistic features, and is shared by members of the culture.
Every single text is unique.
There are some specific linguistic features .
of every genre that makes them different each other (Paltridge.
Publipreneur Polimedia: Jurnal Ilmiah Jurusan Penerbitan Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif Vol.
No.
July 2020 The text that is used in this research is discussion text.
Elashri et al .
mentions discussion writing is a text which present .
t leas.
two points of view about an issue.
The generic structures of the text are issue that consist of statement and preview.
arguments for and against covering point and It has significant lexico-grammatical features: focusing on generic human and generic nonhuman participants.
using material processes, relational processes, and mental processes.
using comparative:
expressed as verbs and nouns.
This study is focused on the linguistic features and the generic structures of the studentsAo discussion The researcher took the writing of students from various levels and study programs of Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif who had learned how to write discussion essay.
having some explanation about the text.
The researcher considered a test was needed since writing a particular text was an appropriate instrument to measure it based on Miles et al .
The students were given some topics to After the data were selected, the researcher focused on describing the general structures and the linguistic features based on Gerot and WignellAos .
Then, the data were transformed into the conceptual framework based on the theory.
RESULTS
The discussion text is to present different opinions on a particular issue or topic arguments for and against/positive and negative/good and bad.
In order to achieve this communicative purpose, all the arguments against and the arguments for should be put in the text (Na, 2.
In this study, all discussion texts are based on the given topics which the purposes are given arguments against and arguments for From 50 texts, the students could write discussion texts of which their communicative purposes are to give arguments against and arguments for based on their own point of view.
In identifying the linguistic features of the studentsAo text, the researcher used markers:
Significant Lexico-grammatical Features:
Focus on generic human and generic non-human Participants .
n bol.
Use of:
o Material Processes e.
has produced, have developed, to feed .
n Itali.
RESEARCH METHOD In analyzing the data, the researcher used the descriptive qualitative method by Creswell .
The researcher described the linguistic features found in discussion writing of the students.
There are the fourth semester students of Publishing study program, the second semester students of Hotel Management study program and the second semester of Animation study In collecting the data, the researcher asked the students to write discussion text as they already learned about discussion text and its language The test was performed to measure the studentsAo ability after e-ISSN 2723-6323 p-ISSN 2338-5049 Publipreneur Polimedia: Jurnal Ilmiah Jurusan Penerbitan Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif Vol.
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July 2020 o Relational Processes e.
is, could have, cause, are .
n Itali.
o Mental Processes e.
n Itali.
Use of Comparative/contrastive and Consequentional Conjunctions .
Reasoning expressed as verbs and nouns .
n bold and Here are four text samples representing the whole essays:
Text of Student 1 Online Shopping is one of the easier way to get and buy something we Online shopping is a useful, favorite and easy way created by a creative person to easier many people to buy something they want by online, if peoples could not buy by meet the seller, so online is the solution.
Many benefits we get from online And online shopping really helps a busy person to buy something if they didnAot have enough time.
Indonesia itself, there are so many online shoppings.
Like Aublibli.
comAy.
AushopeeAy, and much more.
Many people feel the things that they bought by online shopping are same as real.
there is a critics about the products, people can give their opinion to the seller by giving a comment in the online shopping application.
So the seller of the product will receive the comment from the buyer and some of the seller will send or give the better product to the costumer or buyer.
AuI really love shopping by online.
If I donAot have many time to buy it by myself.
I will order something that I need or I want by online shopping.
And the duration of sending product to the costumer is not take a long timeAy, said my best friend.
Online shopping also have many Many people are disappointed with the products.
Not only about the product, but also with the sellerAos response to the customer and the products take a long time.
Some of the online shop make the customer disappointed.
Some of the products are not same with what the seller sells, some of the products has a bad quality and this is what makes the costumer disappointed.
AuTwo months ago.
I had something that I really needs to buy quickly.
So I decided to order a bag from one of online shop, and the bag for my motherAos birthday.
The seller told me that the sending of the product will take one week and I am still okay with And before I ordered it.
I have been thinking and finally choose one pretty bag, the price is worth with the product because in the picture It shows the bag is worth to buy.
But when I receive and see the product .
I got really The bag has a bad quality and itAos different with I have And since that moment.
I never buy something from the online shop anymoreAy said my classmate.
By online shopping, the people must be careful to buy or order the products, because there is not only the Before we order the product, we have to see the details, the descriptions, the comments from the other customers.
to get the products that we really want.
But it is so much better to buy the products or the things by ourself, meet eye to eye with the seller and see the products by ourself.
Because we can see the real product before we buy it.
General Statement (Issu.
Online Shopping is one of the easier way to get and buy something we want.
Online e-ISSN 2723-6323 p-ISSN 2338-5049 Publipreneur Polimedia: Jurnal Ilmiah Jurusan Penerbitan Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif Vol.
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July 2020 online shop, and the bag for my motherAos birthday.
The seller told me that the sending of the product will take one week and I am still okay with And before I ordered it.
I have been thinking and finally choose one pretty bag, the price is worth with the product because in the picture It shows the bag is worth to buy.
But when I receive and see the product .
I got really The bag has a bad quality and itAos different with I have And since that moment.
I never buy something from the online shop anymoreAy said my classmate.
Conclusion or Recommendation:
By online shopping, the people must be careful to buy or order the products, because there is not only the Before we order the product, we have to see the details, the descriptions, the comments from the other customers.
to get the products that we really want.
But it is so much better to buy the products or the things by ourself, meet eye to eye with the seller and see the products by ourself.
Because we can see the real product before we buy it.
From the text above, we know that the student includes the general arguments for as well as conclusion in their writing and has written the text using the linguistic features based on the theory given:
Focus on generic human: creative person, many people, people, the seller, busy person, they, the buyer, the seller of the product, some of the seller, the customer, buyer.
I, my classmate, the pople, we, and generic non-human Participants:
Online shopping, one of the easier way, a useful, favorite and easy way, the shopping is a useful, favorite and easy way created by a creative person to easier many people to buy something they want by online, if peoples could not buy by meet the seller, so online is the solution.
Argument Against:
Many benefits we get from online And online shopping really helps a busy person to buy something if they didnAot have enough time.
Indonesia itself, there are so many online shoppings.
Like Aublibli.
comAy.
AushopeeAy, and much more.
Many people feel the things that they bought by online shopping are same as real.
there is a critics about the products, people can give their opinion to the seller by giving a comment in the online shopping application.
So the seller of the product will receive the comment from the buyer and some of the seller will send or give the better product to the costumer or buyer.
AuI really love shopping by online.
If I donAot have many time to buy it by myself.
I will order something that I need or I want by online shopping.
And the duration of sending product to the costumer is not take a long timeAy, said my friend.
Argument For:
Online shopping also have many Many people are disappointed with the products.
Not only about the product, but also with the sellerAos response to the customer and the products take a long time.
some of the online shop make the customer disappointed.
Some of the products are not same with what the seller sells, some of the products has a bad quality and this is what makes the costumer disappointed.
Two months ago.
I had something that I really needs to buy quickly.
So I decided to order a bag from one of e-ISSN 2723-6323 p-ISSN 2338-5049 Publipreneur Polimedia: Jurnal Ilmiah Jurusan Penerbitan Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif Vol.
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July 2020 solution, many benefits, enough time, com, shopee, the things, critics, the products, their opinion, a the better product, shopping by online, many time, it, that I need, a long time, many disadvantages, the sellerAos response, what the seller sells, a bad quality, this, what makes the customer disappointed, the disadvantages, the disadvantages, the details, descriptions, the comments from the other customers, the products that we really want, the real product.
Use of:
o Material Processes: created, to easier, to buy, could not buy, helps, didnAot have, bought, can give, will receive, will send, give, donAot have, will order, take, to buy, to order, see, meet.
o Relational Processes: is, are, want, is not, have, has, must be, have o Mental Processes: feel,love, are Use of Comparative/contrastive and Consequentional Conjunctions: and, in Indonesia itself, so, not onlyA, but alsoA, because.
Reasoning expressed as verbs and nouns .
: Before we order the product.
In Indonesia itself.
instagram, twitter, whatsapp, email, and etc.
they have a function.
For instagram it has function, the functions are we can get many informations from there we can sell and share our product if we opened online shop.
For whatsapp almost people in the world used this.
Whatsapp has functions too.
The communication with another people with video call, chat, and etc.
almost all social media have the same function.
From the text above we could know what the advantaged from social I would tell you about more advantages from social media.
Social media is a place that we could show our talent and we could improve our passion/talent.
So many people used social media to share the video which it showed their talent or their passion.
From the social media we could study anything in there.
For example: for the women which have gotten marry, she couldnAot cook, they could study in social Because in there, so many recipe, and if you didnAot understand you could watch the video in Youtube.
you were lazy to cook you could deserve or order the food via Gojek.
It was easy and made us easier to do something with social media.
But besides the advantages of social media there is disadvantages from social media.
The disadvantages from social media are in social media there is hoax and it can be make people fight and type a bad words.
Besides that social media make us to be a lazy people and increase the communication with our friends in real life.
And the social media make us to be an instant people, it means we do almost all our work So use social media with the right, because it can make you are to be a lucky people.
Text of Student 2 In this area, social media is a trending Many people use social media.
Because social media makes our live We can get many informations and we can get or add our knowledge from social media.
Social media has advantages and disadvantages.
It contains how people use it.
It can be advantages for us if we use that right.
And it can be disadvantages if we use that wrong.
There are many kind of social media, included facebook, e-ISSN 2723-6323 p-ISSN 2338-5049 Publipreneur Polimedia: Jurnal Ilmiah Jurusan Penerbitan Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif Vol.
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July 2020 In the text above, it can be seen that the student includes the general statement, arguments against, arguments for as well as conclusion in their writing and has written the text using the linguistic features based on the theory given:
Focus on generic human: people, we, another people.
I, you, women, she, they, us, a lazy people, our friends, instant people, and generic non-human Participants: social media, trending topic, our live, advantages, disadvantages, it, that, whatsapp, e-mail, the world, this, functions, communication, video, call, chat, the same function, the text, passion/talent, a place, the video, the food, it, something, hoax, the communication, bad words, all our Use of:
o Material Processes: use, makes, can get, can add, contains, can sell, share, would tell, could show, improve, could study, couldnAot cook, could watch, can be make, fight, type, make, increase, can make.
o Relational Processes: is, has, are, have, were, was, made, to do, means, to be.
o Mental Processes: could know, have gotten marry, didnAot understand.
Use of Comparative/contrastive and Consequentional Conjunctions: but.
Reasoning expressed as verbs and nouns .
: -- I support about social media because IAom so easily searching Information, knowledge and each other.
But, social media make me all forget it.
I have can to use social media good.
Social media can be IAom forget the assignments that, lazy and everything.
It should be social media have given weAore not forget it.
the proud of event teenagers to use such as holyday when a dizzy, and how many teenagers to used is not good, like that, from watch, and each other.
I recommend should be weAore must to use social media is good, so we such as to use social media good.
Teenagers social media donAot be to use the first, but if want to listen say parents.
Everyone knows the event social media this is will made everyoneAos forget myself.
So it should be used is From the text, we learn that the student arguments against, arguments for as well as conclusion in their writing and has written the text using the linguistic features based on the theory given:
Focus on generic human: people, they, we, teenagers.
I, parents, and generic non-human Participants: social media, knowledge.
Use of:
o Material Processes: say, o Relational Processes: can, have, donAot, o Mental Processes: forget.
Use of Comparative/contrastive and Consequentional Conjunctions: but Reasoning expressed as verbs and nouns .
: -- Text of Student 3 Social media good to use all people.
They can search informations and knowledge, in social media and also how many people to use social media Social media so many also be knowledge for children.
Text of Student 4 Nowadays online shopping becomes popular in the society.
Many people e-ISSN 2723-6323 p-ISSN 2338-5049 Publipreneur Polimedia: Jurnal Ilmiah Jurusan Penerbitan Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif Vol.
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July 2020 choose online shopping rather than going to the market as normal people The development of online shopping apps also give people more option to buy goods or even services.
But, is online shopping become the future of shopping? Is online shopping always have advantages or there are some disadvantages? It is the fact that technology had developed a lot.
Technology had gave humans the ease of life.
almost every people in society have already aware and get used with this development.
The rise of online shopping gave humans the ease of shopping.
People donAot need to go outside and deal with traffic, weather, dust , and soon jus for buying something.
This means, people donAot need to waste a lot of time for shopping, furthermore, online shopping give so much promos and discount to the customer.
Also, because online shopping use websites or phone apps, customer can look and search and pick for everything that they want to buy without moving from their chair or even their bed.
It is really give people the easy way of whopping and give people more option to choose.
The rise of online shopping may give people the easy way of shopping.
But, this also give a bad impact to the With people shopping and making things in their houses, make them some kind of anti-social.
People becomes lack of interaction with other people, because they always spend their time in front of their phone and laptop and every electronic that they They donAot spend their time with other people like their friends, their family and etc, which make them lack of socialization.
This is bad for human.
Another reason why online shopping is bad, is because we canAot see the real things and we canAot even touch it.
example, if we want to buy a pair of shoes, we canAot see the real color of it because phone screen or laptop screen produce different color and oftenly it mess the real color of the product.
Also we canAot get to know, if the shoes fit to our foot or not, this is also a big disadvantage of online shopping.
In the text above, it can be seen that the student includes the general statement, arguments against, arguments for as well as conclusion in their writing and has written the text using the linguistic features based on the theory given:
Focus on generic human: many people, normal people, them, other people, they, human, and generic nonhuman Participants: online shopping, disadvantages, technology, the society, the market, the development, online services, advantages, the fact, the rise, the ease of shopping, weather, dust, something, a lot of time, this, promos, discount, customer, websites, phone apps, their chair, their bed, it, the option, bad impact, their houses, interaction, their phone, laptop, every electronic, their friends, their family, socialization, another reason, product, shoes.
Use of:
o Material Processes: choose, going to, give, to buy, had developed, had gave, shopping, can look, to choose, making, spend, see, touch, produce.
o Relational Processes: does, is, have, canAot.
o Mental Processes: aware, get used to.
Use of Comparative/contrastive and Consequentional Conjunctions:
because, also, furthermore, but.
e-ISSN 2723-6323 p-ISSN 2338-5049 Publipreneur Polimedia: Jurnal Ilmiah Jurusan Penerbitan Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif Vol.
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July 2020 Reasoning expressed as verbs and nouns .
: -- .
Making Sense of Functional Grammar:
Introductory Workbook.
Sydney Antipodean Educational Enterprises.
Hinkel.
Eli.
Second Language Writer Text: Linguistic and Rhetorical Features.
New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Hyland.
Ken.
Teaching and Researching Writing.
Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Luu.
Tuan Trong.
Teaching Writing Through Genre Based Approach.
BELT
Journal.
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2 No.
Richards.
Jack C.
The Language Teaching Matrix.
Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Miles.
Huberman.
, and Saldana.
Qualitative Data Analysis.
Methods Sourcebook.
Edition USA:
Sage Publications.
Na.
Ding Eng.
Genre-Based Approach to Teaching Writing.
ICTL Journal.
Paltridge.
Brian.
Genre and Language Learning Classroom.
Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
Putri.
and Bustos.
Assessing the Process Not Just the Message: A Cursory View of Student Assessment.
International Journal Cultural and Art Studies Vol.
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Self-Assessment and Reflection in Portofolios Enhancing EFL StudentsAo Conclusion It is learned that the dominant linguistic features of all the texts are the generic human and non-human It is explained by the phenomenon discussed in their texts, which refers to the generic human or non-human participant.
The Generic Structure of Student in Writing Recount Text based on the data is that all students followed the rules of writing of the generic structure, all students followed the rule of writing of the arguments for, all students followed the rule of writing of the arguments against and all students followed the rule of writing of the conclusion or recommendation In addition, the students have put all the linguistics features in their discussion text based on what they have learned.
This is one of the achievements that have been reached by the students of Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif.
REFERENCES