Legitimasi Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Politik Hukum Vol.
No.
January-June 2026 ISSN:
2088-8813 (Prin.
2579-5104 (Onlin.
The Urgency of Social Media Restrictions for Sixteen-Year-Old Children from the Perspective of Legal Protection Thiana Ayu Ar-Riski* Universitas Islam Kediri.
East Java.
Indonesia Emi Puasa Handayani Universitas Islam Kediri.
East Java.
Indonesia Khayatudin Universitas Islam Kediri.
East Java.
Indonesia Corresponding Author: thianaayua@student.
uniska-kediri.
Submitted: April 2, 2026 Accepted: June 6, 2026 Published: June 24, 2026 Abstract: The development of social media provides benefits for children in obtaining information, communicating, and developing themselves, but it also poses various risks, such as cyberbullying, digital exploitation, exposure to negative content, misuse of personal data, and disruption of psychological and social development.
This study aims to analyze the urgency of restricting the use of social media for sixteen-year-olds from the perspective of legal protection and examine the form and implementation of regulations that can be applied.
The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach, using primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials that are analyzed qualitatively.
The results of the study show that restrictions on the use of social media for 16-year-olds have a strong urgency from juridical, psychological, and sociological aspects.
Juridically, the protection is based on Article 28B paragraph .
of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, the Child Protection Law, the Electronic Information and Transaction Law, the Personal Data Protection Law, and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which prioritizes the principle of the best interests of children.
The findings of the study show that legal protection can be realized through minimum age restrictions, age verification, supervision of use, protection of personal data, improvement of digital literacy, and strengthening the responsibility of digital platforms.
The implementation of these policies requires synergy between the government, families, communities, and digital service providers to ensure child protection in the digital era.
Keywords: Child Protection.
Social Media.
Digital Law.
Children's Rights.
Digital Literacy https://jurnal.
ar-raniry.
id/index.
php/legitimasi DOI: 10.
22373/legitimasi.
The Urgency of Social Media Thiana Ayu Ar-Riski et al.
Abstrak: Perkembangan media sosial memberikan manfaat bagi anak dalam memperoleh informasi, berkomunikasi, dan mengembangkan diri, tetapi juga menimbulkan berbagai risiko, seperti cyberbullying, eksploitasi digital, paparan konten negatif, penyalahgunaan data pribadi, serta gangguan perkembangan psikologis dan sosial.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis urgensi pembatasan penggunaan media sosial bagi anak usia enam belas tahun dalam perspektif perlindungan hukum serta mengkaji bentuk dan implementasi regulasi yang dapat diterapkan.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, menggunakan bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang dianalisis secara kualitatif.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembatasan penggunaan media sosial bagi anak usia 16 tahun memiliki urgensi yang kuat dari aspek yuridis, psikologis, dan sosiologis.
Secara yuridis, perlindungan tersebut berlandaskan Pasal 28B ayat .
Undang-Undang Dasar Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.
Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak.
Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik.
Undang-Undang Perlindungan Data Pribadi, serta Konvensi Hak Anak yang mengedepankan prinsip kepentingan terbaik bagi anak.
Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum dapat diwujudkan melalui pembatasan usia minimum, verifikasi usia, pengawasan penggunaan, perlindungan data pribadi, peningkatan literasi digital, serta penguatan tanggung jawab platform digital.
Implementasi kebijakan tersebut memerlukan sinergi antara pemerintah, keluarga, masyarakat, dan penyedia layanan digital untuk menjamin perlindungan anak di era digital.
Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Anak.
Media Sosial.
Digital.
Hak Anak.
Literasi Digital Introduction The development of information and communication technology has brought significant changes in various aspects of life, including in the patterns of social interaction of children and adolescents.
Social media, as one of the main products of digital progress, has become a new space for individuals to communicate, express themselves, and obtain information quickly and widely.
1 Sixteen-year-olds, as part of the digital native generation, have a high level of access and dependence on social On the one hand, social media provides benefits in the form of easy access to information, creativity development, and the expansion of social networks.
2 However, on the other hand, the use of social media without adequate limits has the potential to pose various risks that can threaten children's rights.
A sixteen-year-old child is still legally classified as a child who is in the stage of immature psychological and emotional Steinberg.
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3 This condition makes them vulnerable to various negative impacts of social media, such as exposure to inappropriate content, cyberbullying, digital exploitation, privacy violations, and potential addictions that can interfere with their mental health and social development.
This phenomenon shows that there is a gap between the rapid development of technology and the readiness of adequate regulation and supervision in protecting children as legal subjects who have special rights.
From the perspective of legal protection, the state has an obligation to ensure the fulfillment of children's rights as stipulated in various national and international legal instruments.
These protections include the right to a sense of security, protection from all forms of violence and exploitation, and the right to optimal growth and However, regulations related to the use of social media by children still face various challenges, both in terms of legal substance, implementation, and In Indonesia, regulations related to social media are still general and have not specifically regulated age limits and effective protection mechanisms for children in the digital space.
Furthermore, the urgency of these restrictions cannot be separated from the global dynamics that show increasing attention to child protection in the digital space.
Countries have begun to formulate stricter policies regarding the age limit for social media use, user identity verification, and the responsibility of digital platforms in ensuring the safety of children.
4 This shows that child protection in cyberspace is no longer just a domestic issue, but has become an international legal agenda that demands a serious response from every country, including Indonesia.
In addition, the complexity of social media problems does not only lie in the aspect of access, but also in the platform algorithms that indirectly shape children's behavior and preferences.
Sixteen-year-olds who are still in the stage of finding their identity are very vulnerable to the influence of content that is manipulative, addictive, or inconsistent with their developmental values.
Without clear restrictions, children have the potential to get caught up in unhealthy content consumption patterns, which can ultimately affect their mindset, social behavior, and psychological state.
From a legal perspective, this condition poses its own challenges in formulating policies that balance the protection and fulfillment of children's rights to access The state is not only required to make strict regulations, but also to ensure that these regulations can be implemented effectively through synergy between the 3Andri Anugerah Kusuma.
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government, parents, educational institutions, and social media service providers.
5 In other words, legal protection for children in the digital space must be holistic and not In addition, the law enforcement aspect is also a crucial factor in ensuring the effectiveness of social media restrictions.
Without a clear monitoring and sanction mechanism, existing regulations have the potential to become ineffective and only Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the digital supervision system, increase legal and digital literacy among the community, and ensure strong commitment from various parties to prioritize the best interests of children.
Considering these various aspects, restricting social media for 16-year-olds is not only a necessity, but also a necessity in order to address the challenges of the increasingly complex digital era.
An adaptive, responsive, and child-protectionoriented approach to the law is expected to serve as the foundation for a safe, healthy digital ecosystem that supports optimal child growth and development.
Restricting the Use of Social Media for Sixteen-Year-Old Children The rapid development of social media has brought major changes to children's lives, including those of sixteen-year-olds who are still legally classified as children.
According to Article 1, number 1 of Law No.
35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection .
mendment to Law No.
23 of 2.
, a child is a person who is not yet eighteen years Thus, sixteen-year-olds are still in the category of those who require special protection from the state.
6 From the perspective of legal protection, the state has an obligation to ensure the fulfillment of children's rights as stipulated in Article 28B paragraph .
of the 1945 Constitution, which states that every child has the right to survival, growth, and development and has the right to protection from violence and This provision provides the constitutional basis for treating all activities that have the potential to threaten children's development, including the uncontrolled use of social media, with serious attention.
The urgency of restricting the use of social media is even stronger when it is associated with various risks faced by children in the digital space, such as cyberbullying, online sexual exploitation, the spread of negative content, and personal data breaches.
This is contrary to Article 9 paragraph .
of the Child Protection Law, which affirms that every child has the right to receive protection in the context of selfdevelopment in accordance with his interests and talents without pressure or threats.
In addition, in Article 15 of the Child Protection Law, it is emphasized that every child 5Francis Rees.
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has the right to be protected from abuse in political activities, involvement in armed disputes, and various forms of exploitation that harm children.
7 In the digital context, this exploitation can develop in the form of economic and sexual exploitation through social media, which is increasingly difficult to control without clear restrictions.
In terms of international law.
Indonesia is also bound by the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), which has been ratified through Presidential Decree Number 36 of 1990.
This Convention is an international legal instrument that comprehensively regulates the rights of the child, including protection from all forms of violence, exploitation, and abuse.
In Article 19 of the CRC, it is emphasized that the state is obliged to take legislative, administrative, social, and educational measures to protect children from all forms of physical and mental violence, including those that occur in the digital environment.
In addition.
Article 34 of the CRC also affirms the state's obligation to protect children from sexual exploitation, which in the digital era can occur through social media and other online platforms.
Furthermore, in Article 17 of the CRC, the state is required to ensure that children have access to information that is beneficial to their development, while protecting them from harmful information and materials.
This provision shows that social media restrictions are not a form of violation of children's right to obtain information, but part of the state's obligation to select and control the flow of information that can be accessed by children.
Thus, there is a balance between the fulfillment of the right to information and protection from the negative impact of the In the development of modern international law, the issue of child protection in the digital space is also increasingly strengthened through various global guidelines and principles, such as General Comment No.
from the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, which specifically discusses children's rights in the digital The document emphasizes that the state must ensure effective regulation of technology companies and social media platforms so that they do not exploit children, both in terms of personal data and exposure to harmful content.
This emphasizes that the responsibility for child protection lies not only with the state and parents, but also with non-state actors such as digital service providers.
The urgency of social media restrictions is also getting stronger when viewed from the psychological aspect of child development.
The sixteen-year-old is in the middle adolescence phase, which is characterized by a search for self-identity, a need for social recognition, and a tendency to imitate the surrounding environment.
9 In this 7Lilla Garayova.
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condition, social media is often the main space in shaping self-perception and social However, without adequate control, children can easily be exposed to unrealistic social standards, a culture of social comparison, and social pressures that can have an impact on mental health, such as anxiety, depression, and self-image In addition, the cognitive ability of sixteen-year-olds to filter information is still in the developmental stage.
They do not yet fully have the critical thinking skills to distinguish between valid and misleading information .
isinformation and This condition makes them a very vulnerable group to information manipulation, digital propaganda, and addictive content.
Therefore, restrictions are an important instrument to reduce these risks.
Within the framework of the principle of child protection, social media restrictions should be based on the principle of the best interests of the child, which is a fundamental principle in the CRC and is also adopted in Indonesian national law.
This principle emphasizes that every policy, action, and decision related to children must prioritize the welfare and development of children as a whole.
Thus, restricting access to social media is not a form of restriction of freedom, but a preventive measure to ensure that children are not harmed by a digital environment that is not completely From a sociological perspective, the increasing internet penetration and social media use among adolescents also show a significant change in social interaction Interactions that were previously carried out in person are now shifting to virtual spaces, which often lack supervision and clear social norms.
This can trigger various forms of behavioral deviation, such as cyberbullying, hate speech, and the normalization of digital violence.
Without clear restrictions and regulations, this phenomenon can have a long-term impact on the formation of character and morals of the younger generation.
11 Furthermore, social media restrictions are also closely related to the aspect of protecting children's personal data.
In practice, many digital platforms collect and utilize the data of users, including children, for commercial Without strict regulation, children's personal data has the potential to be misused, which can threaten their security and privacy.
Therefore, restrictions concern not only access to content but also the protection of children's identities and data in the digital space.
Thus, restricting the use of social media for 16-year-olds is an urgent need and cannot be ignored.
The urgency is based on an integrative approach that combines legal 10Siti Zaharah Jamaluddin.
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protection theory, the theory of the best interests of the child, and the theory of adolescent psychosocial development.
From the perspective of legal protection, the state is obliged to ensure the fulfillment and protection of children's rights from various risks that arise in the digital space.
Meanwhile, the theory of the best interests of children emphasizes that every policy related to children must be directed at the protection and optimization of children's growth and development.
On the other hand, psychosocial development theory shows that 16-year-old children are still in the phase of identity formation that is vulnerable to the influence of the social environment, including social media as the dominant digital interaction space.
This study expands on previous studies that generally focused on the impact of social media on adolescent behavior or child protection from a partial legal In contrast to previous research, this study places social media restrictions as a child protection issue that is comprehensively analyzed through juridical, psychological, and sociological approaches.
Thus, this study not only highlights the normative basis of child protection but also explains the relationship between adolescent psychological development, changes in social interaction patterns in the digital age, and the need for adaptive regulation.
Therefore, synergy is needed between the state, parents, the community, educational institutions, and digital platform providers to create a digital ecosystem that is safe, healthy, and in the best interests of children, so that child protection in the digital space can be realized more effectively and sustainably.
Legal Restrictions on Social Media Use to Protect the Rights of Children Under Sixteen Efforts to restrict the use of social media for sixteen-year-olds must be realized through clear, comprehensive, and implementable legal regulations.
In the context of national law, there are several regulations that can be used as a basis for regulating these restrictions.
First.
Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions (ITE La.
, as amended by Law Number 19 of 2016, regulates the use of information technology in general, including the prohibition of the dissemination of unlawful content such as immoral content, defamation, and hate speech.
While it doesn't specifically regulate children, these provisions can be the basis for protecting children from harmful content on social media.
Second.
Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection provides protection for personal data, including children's data.
In this regulation, it is emphasized that the processing of children's personal data must obtain consent from 12Putri Eka Zaltina and Lidwina Inge Nurtjahyo.
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parents or guardians.
This is relevant in the use of social media which often involves the collection and processing of users' personal data, including children.
Third, in the Child Protection Law, especially Article 26, it is emphasized that parents have the obligation and responsibility to nurture, maintain, educate, and protect children.
In this context, supervision of the use of social media is part of the legal responsibility of parents.
The forms of restrictions that can be implemented include:13 Minimum age limit for social media use.
The government can set a strict minimum age limit and require digital platforms to strictly verify the age of users.
Screen time regulation.
This policy can be enforced through the parental control feature that limits the duration of children's access to social media.
Digital platform obligations Social media service providers must provide childfriendly security systems, such as content filtering, quick reporting .
eport syste.
, and protection of children's account privacy.
Increasing digital literacy.
The government and educational institutions need to provide education to children and parents about the safe and responsible use of social media.
State supervision and law enforcement must ensure effective supervision mechanisms and sanctions against violations that harm children in the digital space.
In its implementation, the challenges faced are not only related to the substance of the law but also include interrelated technical, structural, and cultural aspects.
From a technical perspective, the rapid development of digital technology, especially social media, often exceeds the speed of the formation and adjustment of legal regulations.
Social media platforms that are global, dynamic, and algorithm-based present their own difficulties for the state in conducting effective supervision and law enforcement.
In addition, the weak age verification mechanism allows children to easily access platforms that should have certain age restrictions, so that existing regulations are less than optimal in their implementation.
On the other hand, the cultural aspect is also an equally important challenge.
The ease of access to digital technology has made social media an inseparable part of people's daily lives, including children and adolescents.
In many cases, social media use has even been considered a primary necessity without being balanced with an adequate understanding of the risks and impacts.
The low level of digital literacy, both in children and parents, leads to a lack of ability to filter information, manage privacy, and understand the ethics of interacting in the digital space.
This increases the potential for violations of children's rights, both as victims and as perpetrators in Furthermore, the role of the family as the first and main environment in 13Arron Chakan and Muhammad Fauzan Millenio.
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child supervision often does not run optimally.
Many parents do not have enough knowledge and skills in supervising their children's digital activities, so supervision of social media use becomes weak.
14 On the other hand, educational institutions have also not fully integrated digital literacy education as an important part of the curriculum, even though this is very necessary to equip children with the ability to face challenges in the digital era.
Therefore, strong and sustainable synergy is needed between various parties, namely the government, families, communities, and digital platform providers.
The government has a strategic role in formulating regulations that are adaptive, responsive, and able to keep up with technological developments.
In addition, the government also needs to strengthen the supervision system and improve digital literacy programs massively and evenly.
Families, especially parents, have a responsibility to provide assistance, supervision, and education to children regarding the wise and safe use of social media.
The community also plays a role in creating a social environment that supports child protection, including in supervising and reporting harmful content.
On the other hand, digital platform providers must also take responsibility by implementing child-friendly policies, such as stricter age verification systems, effective content filtering, and the provision of security features such as parental controls and responsive reporting mechanisms.
15 This responsibility is important considering that digital platforms are parties that directly provide interaction spaces for children in cyberspace.
Thus, the effectiveness of restricting the use of social media for 16-year-olds is not enough to rely solely on formal regulations.
The main challenge lies in its implementation and supervision in the midst of the rapid development of digital technology that often exceeds the legal ability to adapt.
Therefore, regulations must be comprehensively designed by integrating legal protection, digital literacy, parental supervision, and digital platform responsibility.
This approach is important to ensure that restrictions not only restrict access, but also protect children's rights while supporting their optimal growth and development in a safe and responsible digital Conclusion The urgency of restricting social media use for 16-year-olds stems from legal, psychological, and sociological considerations.
Legally, children are subjects that must be protected as stipulated in the 1945 Constitution, the Child Protection Law, and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC).
From a psychological and social perspective, 16-year-olds are still vulnerable to the negative impacts of social media, such as exposure to harmful content, cyberbullying, and misuse of personal data.
14Zulfah.
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Therefore, social media restrictions are a preventive measure that aims to protect children's best interests without eliminating their right to access information.
The form and implementation of legal regulations on social media restrictions must be carried out comprehensively, adaptively, and sustainably through synergy between the government, parents, the community, and digital platform providers.
Regulations not only function as a limiting tool, but also as a protection instrument that includes setting minimum ages, supervising use, protecting personal data, and improving digital With effective implementation, it is hoped that a safe digital ecosystem will be created and support the protection and fulfillment of children's rights in the digital era.
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