The Sunan Ampel Review of Political and Social Sciences Volume 3.
Number 2.
June 2024
E-ISSN 2809-1027
https://doi.
org/10.
15642/sarpass.
COLLABORATION IN HANDLING HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN
THE BORDER AREA OF NKRI-RDTL: CASE STUDY OF NORTH
CENTRAL TIMOR REGENCY
Adeodata Laniria C.
Mbiri1.
Yakobus Fahik2 1Universitas Timor.
Kefamenanu.
Indonesia Adeodatambiri@unimor.
2Universitas Timor.
Kefamenanu.
Indonesia
ABSTRACT
This study examines cases of human trafficking in TTU Regency by emphasizing cross-sector collaboration in handling human trafficking in TTU Regency.
This study is very important because NTT is a province with the highest number of victims of human trafficking in Indonesia and TTU Regency is one of the regencies that contributes to a fairly large number of human trafficking and has increased every year.
This study uses the collaboration theory from Ansell & Gash by narrowing it down to 4 indicators, namely: First.
Face to Face Dialogue as a communication mechanism.
Second.
Building Trust and Commitment.
Third.
Shared Understanding.
and Fourth.
Intermediate Outcome.
This theory is the edge in this study.
The research method used is a case study and data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, documentation and triangulation.
The informants determined in this study are SATGAS TPPO which includes: TTU Regency PPA Office.
TTU Regency Manpower and Transmigration Office.
Population and Civil Registration Office.
TTU Regency Resort Police.
TTU Regency Social Service.
NGOs.
Community leaders, and exmigrants.
The analysis technique uses the case study analysis technique from Creswell.
The results of the study indicate that in handling Human Trafficking in TTU Regency, collaboration has been carried out with the formation of the TPPO Task Force involving many regional agencies working together, but based on the perspective of Ansell & Gash's theory, this collaboration process has not been optimal in face-to-face implementation so that the process of building trust is minimal but obsessed with high commitment, thus in the implementation of the collaboration that occurs is that each Regional Apparatus Organization included in the TPPO task force tends to have a high sectoral ego and tends to be individualistic in carrying out their respective duties so that the results of this collaboration process are very difficult to evaluate.
Keywords: Collaboration.
Ansell & Gash.
Human Trafficking.
INTRODUCTION
This study examines collaboration in handling human trafficking in the border area with the locus in TTU Regency.
NTT province.
The reason the researcher conducted the research in NTT was because NTT was the first contributor to human trafficking cases in 2017 (Goma, 2.
on an Indonesian scale.
The increase in human trafficking victims in NTT with the increasing number of victims who died with details in 2018 as many as 105 people, 2019 as many as 119 people, 2020 as many as 87 people, 2021 as many as 121 people, 2022 as many as 106 people (OMBUDSMAN, 2.
One of the contributors to Adeodata Laniria C.
Mbiri.
Yakobus Fahik the number of human trafficking in NTT is TTU Regency which is a regency in the border area of NKRI-RDTL.
This study aims to expand research on human trafficking.
Research on human trafficking cases in NTT is nothing new.
Many researchers have researched human trafficking in NTT, since 2020-2023 based on Google Scholar data there are more than 50 studies discussing human trafficking in NTT.
Various studies have examined the causes and roots of human trafficking problems in NTT conducted by (Li, (Kadju, 2.
(Agustina, 2.
(Prasetya, 2.
(Toruan, 2.
Several studies have also examined the efforts made to handle human trafficking, starting from government efforts (Ambarwati et al.
, 2.
, efforts to prevent human trafficking by the government in NTT through social media (Pratamawaty et al.
, 2.
, real actions of academics in preventing human trafficking in NTT (Barros Mbiri.
Kono.
, &
Barros Mbiri, 2.
prevention from a legal aspect (Yuningsi et al.
, 2.
(Prasetya.
However, several of these studies have not examined collaboration in handling human trafficking in NTT, especially TTU Regency.
Thus, this study is different from previous studies.
This study uses the collaboration theory of Ansel & Gash as a knife edge in analyzing human trafficking cases in TTU Regency.
Ansel and Gahs show that the concept of collaborative governance is part of governance, which includes a deliberation forum provided by public institutions for direct participation of non-government actors in decision-making that is consensual or mutually agreed upon regarding public affairs and interests (Ansell & Gash, 2.
The collaboration theory offered by Ansel and Gash consists of 4 indicators, the first is Face-to-face dialogue in this case can be said to be a form of communication.
As a form of communication, of course, one of the criteria for realizing collaborative governance (CG).
Second, trust building and commitment are meant to be the process of building trust that has an impact on a commitment.
Third, shared understanding is meant in this stage, shared understanding can be understood as the development of shared understanding in the collaboration process, so that stakeholders must develop a shared understanding of what they can achieve together (Ansell & Gash, 2.
The last stage is the intermediate outcome which is a temporary result of the ongoing process in collaboration (Prabowo, 2.
So through these 4 .
stages, researchers use it as a basic reference in answering whether there is relevance of The SARPASS.
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Yakobus Fahik the 4 .
reference stages with the collaboration process in the context of handling human trafficking in TTU Regency.
The concept of collaboration is used to solve complex problems that require the government to collaborate with various stakeholders.
A fairly complex problem that is widely experienced by developed and developing countries is human trafficking.
developed countries, the context of handling human trafficking cases is carried out by carrying out a cross-sector collaboration process, even in America, cross-country collaboration is carried out as an effort to prevent and handle human trafficking which is carried out with a cross-border entity cooperation project in the US which has a positive impact on the US because of sharing experiences of European countries in handling human trafficking (Reichel, 2.
In addition, the US also carries out collaborative actions with immigration reform programs with a work visa system with the aim of preventing human trafficking (Bigio & Vogelstein, 2.
Starting from developed countries, developing countries such as Indonesia are also carrying out cross-sector collaboration with neighboring countries, namely Australia (KUSNAEDY, 2.
In addition, cross-sector collaboration is also carried out by forming task forces at the central, provincial and district levels.
One of the regencies that implements collaboration in handling human trafficking is TTU Regency.
The collaboration implemented is cross-sectoral between agencies in the regional bureaucratic structure of TTU Regency and NJO which are engaged and have the same interests.
The collaboration has been running from 2019 to 2024.
This collaboration can reduce the number of human trafficking in TTU Regency but not too significant, so the author conducted research with a focus on the cross-sectoral collaboration process in handling human trafficking in TTU Regency.
METHOD
The research used is qualitative research with a case study approach.
Research with this case study method is important because it can be an object of study and also a product of investigation (John w.
Creswell, 2.
The case in this study is the problem of human trafficking in TTU Regency.
This problem can be an object of study and a product of investigation in this study.
The goal is to see the collaboration process as an effort to overcome the problem of human trafficking in TTU Regency.
Data collection techniques use in-depth interviews, documentation and triangulation.
Data collection uses the The SARPASS.
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Yakobus Fahik snowball sampling method and data analysis techniques from Meles and Huberman (Miles.
Mathew B & A, 1.
The key informant of this study is the TTU Regency Manpower Office.
RESULT & DISCUSION
Collaboration in Handling Human Trafficking in TTU Regency Human trafficking is a structured multiple crime (Yesufu, 2.
, human trafficking is also defined as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, shelter or acceptance of people through violence, fraud, coercion or trickery, with the aim of exploiting them for profit (Anti Slavery, 2.
There are 3 types of human trafficking, namely labor, organs and In TTU Regency, the most dominant type of human trafficking case is labor through illegal channels.
Several studies have found the root of the problem of human trafficking, namely the impact of the poverty chain (Abadi et al.
, 2.
which requires extra effort to survive, but the lack of knowledge about human trafficking results in falling into illegal travel which results in exploitation.
The human trafficking case in TTU Regency peaked in 2016 with the death of migrant worker Dolviana Abuk, a female worker from TTU Regency who worked in Malaysia and died with her body covered in stitches (Sigiranus Marutho Bere, 2.
, this made the North Central Timor (TTU) Regency government committed to handling human trafficking cases in TTU.
This case is also a driving factor for cross-sector collaboration in handling human trafficking in TTU Regency.
In addition, the problem of human trafficking in TTU Regency is a complex problem so that in handling it, collaborative action is needed, this was expressed by Ray Mundus Fernandes as the Regent of TTU in 2016 (Sigiranus Marutho Bere, 2.
Thus this argument strengthens the theory of Ansel & Gahs that a collaborative process is needed to solve complex public problems due to limited resources in handling them.
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Yakobus Fahik Figure 1 Membership Composition and Details of the TPPO Task Force The SARPASS.
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Yakobus Fahik *SK Satuan Tugas TPPO Kabupaten TTU tahun 2023 The initial step in cross-sector collaboration in TTU Regency is to form a Task Force for the Prevention and Handling of Human Trafficking Crimes in TTU Regency based on the Decree of the Regent of TTU No.
126/KEP/HK/II/2023.
The TTU Regency TPPO task force consists of 4 Sub-tasks which include: .
Sub-task force for prevention and guidance of trafficking and illegal labor, .
Rehabilitation and repatriation.
Sub-task force for Handling, .
Sub-task force for prevention and law enforcement, .
Sub-task force for cooperation and coordination.
Each sub-task has its own position and details of its duties (See Figure .
Reflecting on the theory of the collaboration process according to Ansel and Gahs, this collaboration process is reviewed using 4 indicators, namely First.
Face to Face Dialogue as a communication mechanism.
Second.
Building Trust and Commitment.
Third.
Shared Understanding.
and Fourth.
Intermediate Outcome (Ansell & Gash, 2.
Face to face dialogue in the collaborative process of handling human trafficking in TTU Regency Face to face dialogue is the initial stage that stimulates the collaborative governance Face to face dialogue that occurs directly with all stakeholders involved.
This The SARPASS.
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In this collaboration process, face-to-face communication activities occur in handling human trafficking cases due to the similarity of duties such as the Social and Nakertrans Service.
Dukcapil.
Police.
Furthermore, the face to face process is not limited to joint handling but continues with the preparation of a regional action plan which is carried out every year.
However, in the preparation of the regional action plan, not every member involved in the task force actively participated in the meeting, there were several agencies that were not present in the preparation of the regional action plan, this absence was due to one of the high sectoral ego factors in the This was expressed by Mrs.
Mawar as the head of the Tapenpah Bikomi NGO which is included in the TTU Regency TPPO task force with the question: Is there faceto-face communication in this collaboration process? "In this collaboration, we often meet in handling cases, initially contacting each other if there is an incident in which location, then we will jointly handle it according to our respective duties, such as our NGO providing assistance to victims, the Police carrying out handling and investigations, the Social Service providing assistance in the form of rehabilitation.
Furthermore, we agree to carry out a regional action plan which is carried out every year, ".
The next question to Mrs.
Mawar, does the communication process always run harmoniously? "The communication process always runs harmoniously but sometimes there are several agencies that do not participate in the meeting.
" Next, triangulating data to the TTU Regency Women and Children Protection Service.
The researcher conducted an interview with Frids Nino as the secretary of the PPA Service.
Did face-to-face communication occur in this collaboration process? "We were not involved in face-toface communication activities, even the TPPO Task Force Decree for 2024 has not been given to us.
So far we are not involved in the activities of the TPPO Task Force.
The results of the study found that there was miscommunication related to each program as evidenced by the non-involvement of several agencies in the regional action plan meeting.
Furthermore, triangulating at the TTU Police, the researcher conducted an interview with Karmintu as a member of the criminal investigation unit.
Did face-to-face communication occur in this collaboration process? The SARPASS.
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Yakobus Fahik The face-to-face process always occurs in handling cases, always meeting with friends from other agencies, such as the Social Service who provide assistance to " Triangulation was also carried out at Nakertrans as Secretary of the TTU Regency TPPO Task Force.
The researcher met with Mr.
Simon as the Head of the Service.
Does face-to-face communication occur in this collaboration process? "Communication occurs both face-to-face and through communication media, so far each agency in the task force has carried out its respective duties because the tasks given are attached to the duties of each agency.
For example.
Nakertrans has the task of providing guidance and education to migrants to avoid human trafficking practices, we provide training through BLK, the task of this agency is also to coordinate and we carry out socialization as well as coordination in each village in TTU Regency with companies that collaborate with TTU Regency at the Victory Building.
The face-to-face process between members of the task force occurs when there is a problem with human trafficking cases, this is due to budget constraints.
So each agency carries out its respective dutiesAy Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the communication process occurred in this collaboration, but there was also miscommunication in several members of the task force due to sectoral egos in leadership and budget limitations, but the collaboration process continued because the tasks given in the task force were the duties of each agency, and each agency carried out its duties.
Building Trust and Commitment in the Collaborative Process of Handling Human Trafficking in TTU Regency The dynamics of communication that occurred in this collaboration process showed low trust due to sectoral egos but did not hinder a joint commitment to handling human trafficking in TTU Regency.
TTU Regency is committed to handling human trafficking cases by conducting cross-sectoral collaboration, this commitment was stated in the coordination meeting on the SOP for Integrated Services for Victims of Human Trafficking in Central Timor Regency on January 25, 2022 .
hysical evidence in figure The SARPASS.
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Yakobus Fahik Figure 2 Photo of Coordination Meeting of Integrated Services SOP for Human Trafficking Victims Shared Understanding in the Collaborative Process of Handling Human Trafficking in TTU Regency Sharing knowledge in the collaborative process is sharing knowledge about human trafficking and discussing common missions, common goals, clarity of goals, and common ideologies (Akbar et al.
, 2.
In this collaboration, there is a sharing of knowledge about human trafficking.
This is evidenced by the division of tasks in the TPPO task force adjusted to the duties and functions of each agency.
The main objective of this collaboration is to handle and prevent human trafficking cases in TTU.
Intermediate Outcome in the Collaborative Process of Handling Human Trafficking in TTU Regency Intermediate Outcome is a small victory in the form of programs implemented from the collaboration process (Akbar et al.
, 2.
Small victories can be temporary results from this collaboration process.
The results obtained are as follows:
The Sub-task Force for the prevention of trafficking and illegal labor development has succeeded in carrying out preventive actions by implementing workforce training through BLK, conducting socialization about human trafficking (Public Relations of the TTU Police, 2.
The SARPASS.
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Handling Sub Task Force.
Rehabilitation and repatriation are the tasks of the social service and the NGO Tapenpah Bikomi.
Some of the actions that have been carried out are 33 victims of human trafficking who were assisted by the social service .
vidence in picture .
In addition, assistance was also carried out by the NGO Tapenpah Bikomi with empowerment using a local wisdom approach such as weaving, sewing, processing traditional foods that are stored in the gallery and exhibited and traded .
vidence see picture Sumber: Dinas Sosial Kabupaten TTU Figure 3 Social Welfare Service Assistance Data for 2024 Figure 4 Results of the work of assisting victims of human trafficking by the NGO Tapenpah Bikomi The SARPASS.
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Yakobus Fahik The prevention and law enforcement sub-task force has succeeded in handling human trafficking cases in TTU Regency to completion, in this collaboration carried out by the TTU Police & TTU Court (NTT Regional Police Public Relations, 2.
The Cooperation and Coordination sub-task force also carries out its duties by building coordination with all village governments in TTU Regency by socializing the procedures for sending workers to partners with companies that have an MOU with TTU Regency.
(Evidence Figure .
Figure 5 Socialization activities for employment placement procedures CONCLUSION Collaboration is a process of cooperation that occurs due to limited resources in achieving a common goal.
In handling human trafficking in TTU Regency, cross-sector collaboration has been carried out.
This study found that in the process of collaboration in handling human trafficking in TTU Regency, based on Ansel & Gash's theory, the communication process that was built resulted in several dynamics of sectoral ego due to leadership factors that caused minimal trust but the establishment of commitments that resulted in each program being run individually.
Thus, one of the obstacles to the collaboration process is sectoral ego.
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REFERENCES