Journal ofRenewable Renewable Energy.
Electrical.
Computer Engineering Journal of Energy.
Electrical, and and Computer Engineering, 5 .
45-50 Volume 5.
Number 1.
March 2025.
eISSN 2776-0049 Research Original Article DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
29103/jreece.
Calculation of the Effect of Substation Configuration on the Resistance Value of the Grounding System Ayu FitrianiA1.
Jhoni Hidayat2.
Joel Panjaitan3.
Syofyan Anwar Syahputra4.
Mili Alfisari5 1,2Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien.
Teknik Elektro.
Medan Helvetia.
Kota Medan, 20123.
Sumatera Utara, ayufitriani2796@gmail.
3,4Akademi Teknik Deli Serdang.
Teknik Elektro.
Jln.
Medan.
Lubuk Pakam, 123456.
Sumatera Utara, pandjaitan@gmail.
5STIMIK Kaputama.
Jl.
Veteran No.
Tangsi.
Kec.
Binjai Kota.
Kota Binjai.
Sumatera Utara, fhisya@gmail.
Corresponding Author: ayufitriani2796@gmail.
com | Phone: 6285360988947 Received: January 23, 2024 Revision: January 15, 2025 Accepted: March 10, 2025 Abstract Generally, the configuration of the substation grounding system is in the form of a grid or mesh, where several conductor rods are installed vertically and horizontally or combined with conductor rods planted deep in the ground from each point or not.
The substation configuration is very complex because of the many variables used in accordance with Ie Standard 80-2013.
This variable also influences the allowable and actual magnitude of the step voltage and touch voltage.
The substation grounding system configuration can be designed in several shapes including rectangular, square.
L-shaped and T-shaped.
The parameters used are an area of 70 m x 70 m, a conductor rod depth 5 meters with a total conductor length for a rectangle of 1540 meters without rods, an L-Shaped shape of 1755 meters and a T-Shaped shape of 3857 meters.
The results obtained by the resistance of the grounding system without rods in the T-Shaped configuration were 2.
For the resistance results, the grounding system uses a rod with the same area and a conductor length of 3917 meters with a resistance value of 2.
39 in the T-shape configuration.
The results of the resistance values obtained with various forms of grounding system configurations and varying conductor lengths are still safe and below the threshold or standard of the grid grounding system.
Keywords: Resistance.
Rectangular.
L-Shaped.
T-Shaped Introduction There are 2 .
factors that cause disturbances at substations that cannot be denied, including internal disturbances and external disturbances (Amadi, 2.
, (Ibrahim, 2.
, (Pickett et al.
, 2.
, (Zimba et al.
, 2.
Internal factors include technician errors, installation errors and equipment damage.
External disturbances are caused by natural factors, for example landslides, floods, lightning strikes, strong winds, earthquakes and others (Jose & others, 2.
, (Paul & others, 2.
, (Shroder, 2.
, (Keller & DeVecchio, 2.
, (Smith et al.
, 2.
This causes the installation of protective equipment to secure the equipment at the substation (Putra et al.
, 2.
The substation is the link between the transmission line and the distribution network.
The configuration or construction of the substation is also an important factor in meeting the requirements in accordance with the design standards for a substation (Hu et al.
, 2.
, (Huang et al.
, 2.
, (Altaher, 2.
, (Krieg, 2.
Generally, the configuration of the substation grounding system is in the form of a grid or mesh, where several conductor rods are installed vertically and horizontally or combined with conductor rods planted deep in the ground from each point or not (Uzunlar & Kalenderli, 2.
, (Adebayo & Ujam, 2.
The combination of these conductor rods can reduce the value of grounding resistance to as little as possible.
The best ground resistance value is below 5 ohms or preferably 1 ohm (Cheema et al.
, 2.
The substation configuration is very complex because of the many variables used in accordance with Ie Standard 80-2013 (Hardi et al.
, 2.
This variable also influences the allowable and actual magnitude of the step voltage and touch voltage (KostiN & RaiseviN, 2.
The substation grounding system configuration can be designed in several shapes including rectangular, square.
L-Shaped and T-Shaped (Ie 80-2.
Each form of grounding configuration is completed using the parameters contained in the Ie 80-2013 standard (Gouda, 2.
Literature Review Based on the results of a series of field tests conducted by measuring ground rod electrodes in different types of soil at low soil depths on podzolic soil types with yellowish clay soil characteristics and red pebbles having a relatively high soil resistivity, podzolic soil resistivity values are a combination of wet clay and sand.
Hence, it assumes 150 .
This is consistent with the significant grounding resistance seen when utilizing rod electrodes.
The best grounding resistance is shown when using a galvanized iron type grounding rod electrode, particularly at a depth of 2 meters in the ground, where the resistance value using a galvanized type rod electrode is 10% to 20% lower than when using an iron type rod Journal of Renewable Energy.
Electrical, and Computer Engineering, 5 .
45-50 electrode or a copper-coated iron type, indicating that the grounding resistance is not as good when using an iron type rod electrode or a copper-coated iron type (Uzunlar & Kalenderli, 2.
Its maximum allowable value varies from 10 .
r lowe.
for lightning protection to 0.
1 for sites where protective devices must operate very quickly.
The grounding grid design is an important factor in a substation for fulfilling standard requirements formulated by Ie Std.
Commonly, substation grounding is a grid configuration or combination of grid and rod.
This study is designing a substation economically by considering the length of the rod conductor used.
Some grid configuration models were used for analyzing viz.
rectangular shape.
T-shape, and L-shape.
The models were compared with the existing design in the Galang substation to find the minimum conductor length (Hardi et al.
, 2.
Materials & Methods The grid grounding system used in this research is a grounding system configuration in rectangular shape.
L-shaped shape, and T-shaped shape using rods and without rods.
The rod grounding system uses 20 conductor rods that are plugged into the ground.
Other parameters used are the grounding resistance value of 400 ohms, the depth of the conductor rod is 0.
5 meters with a total conductor length for a rectangle of 1540 meters without the rod, 1690 with the rod, the L-Shaped shape is 1755 meters and the T-shaped shape is 3857 meters, can be shown in the flowchart below:
Start Internal grounding system configuration rectangular shaped.
L-Shape and T-Shaped Parameters of grounding resistance, total length of conductor rods, area and distance between conductors in rod and rodless containment systems Conform Meet the standards grid grounding system at the substation? Yes The grounding resistance value is below 5 ohms Finished Figure 1.
Research Flowchart Results and Discussion Configure the Grounding System in a Square Shape The assumption for the grid grounding area without rods is 70 m x 70 m with the same distance between conductors, namely D = 7 meters, with a depth of embedding the conductor rods, namely h = 0.
5 meters, which can be shown in Figure 2 below:
Journal of Renewable Energy.
Electrical, and Computer Engineering, 5 .
45-50 .
Figure 2.
Grounding System Configuration in Square Shape Without Rod and With Rod Determining the resistance of grounding without rods using the equation for the total length of the grounding rods LT = 1540 m and area A = 4900 m2 is:
yayc Oo20ya ycIya = yuU [ ] ycIya = 400 [ .
1 EaOo Oo20.
1 0,5Oo ) = 2,78 E The assumption for determining the grounding resistance with rods is 20 rods with a rod length of 7.
5 meters.
Determining the grounding system with rods uses the equation for the total length of the grounding rods LT = 1540 20 5 = 1690 m2 and area A = 4900 m2, yayc Oo20ya ycIya = yuU [ ] ycIya = 400 [ .
1 EaOo Oo20.
1 0,5Oo ) = 2,75 E Grounding System Configuration in L-Shaped Form Assumption for the grid grounding area without rods is 70 m x 70 m with the same distance between conductors, namely D = 7 meters, with a depth of embedding the conductor rods, namely h = 0.
5 meters, and the overall length of the conductor rods, namely LT = 1575 m, can be shown in Figure 3 below:
Figure 3.
Grounding System Configuration in L-Shaped Form Without Rod and With Rod Determining an L-Shaped grounding system without rods using the equation for the total length of the grounding rods LT = 1575 m and area A = 4900 m2 is:
Oo20A
RG = A [ ]
ycIya = 400 [ .
1 hOo Oo20.
1 0,5Oo ) = 2,67 E Determining an L-Shaped grounding system without rods using the equation for the total length of the grounding rods LT = 1575 m .
= 1755 m and area A = 4900 m2 is:
yayc Oo20ya ycIya = yuU [ ] ycIya = 400 [ .
1 EaOo Oo20.
1 0,5Oo ) = 2,64 E Grounding System Configuration in T-Shaped Form The assumption is that the grid grounding area without rods is 70 m x 70 m with the same distance between Journal of Renewable Energy.
Electrical, and Computer Engineering, 5 .
45-50 conductors, namely D = 7 meters, with the depth of embedding the conductor rods, namely h = 0.
5 meters, and the overall length of the conductor rods, namely LT = 3857 m without rods, can be shown in Figure 4 below:
Figure 4.
Grounding System Configuration in T-Shaped Form Without Rod and With Rod Determining a T-Shaped grounding system without rods using the equation for the total length of the grounding rods LT = 3857 m and area A = 4900 m2 is:
yayc Oo20ya ycIya = yuU [ ] ycIya = 400 [ .
1 EaOo Oo20.
1 0,5Oo ) = 2,39 E Determine the L-Shaped grounding system with rods using the equation for the total length of the grounding rods LT = 3857 m .
= 3917 m and area A = 4900 m2 is:
yayc Oo20ya ycIya = yuU [ ] ycIya = 400 [ .
1 EaOo Oo20.
1 0,5Oo ) = 2,39 E The grounding resistance value for each type of configuration can be shown in Table 1 below.
Table 1.
Resistance Calculation Results for a Grid Grounding System Without Rods Area .
Conductor
Resitance Configuration Form
Grid (E) Rectangle L-Shaped T-Shaped 2,78 2,67 2,39 RESISTANCE GRID (E) Grid Grounding System Without Rod
2,78
2,67
2,39
Rectagular L-Shaped T-Shaped Figure 5.
Graph of a Grid Grounding System Without Rods The results of the calculation of the resistance of the grounding system using rods are shown in Table 2 below.
Table 2.
Results of Grid Grounding System Resistance Calculations Using Rods Journal of Renewable Energy.
Electrical, and Computer Engineering, 5 .
Configuration Form Area .
Rod
Conductor
Resitance Grid (E) Rectangle 2,75 L-Shape
2,64
T-Shape
2,39
Grid Grounding System With Rod
RESISTANCE GRID (E)
2,75
2,64
2,39
Rectagular L-Shaped T-Shaped Figure 6.
Graph of a Grid Grounding System With Rods From graph 5 and graph 6 it shows that with the same area, the length of the installed conductor varies with different grounding configurations, the smallest grounding resistance results are found in the grounding system with a T-shaped configuration, namely 2.
The results of grid grounding resistance calculations using rods are also in the T-shaped configuration with the same value, namely 2.
Conclusions From the results of the calculation of the resistance value of the grounding system without rods and using rods in a grounding system configuration in square.
L-Shaped and T-Shaped with a resistance value of 400 , with rods installed in various ways, the results of the resistance of the grounding system without rods are obtained.
In the T-Shaped configuration with an area of 70 m x 70 m, the conductor length is 3857 meters with a resistance value of 2.
For the resistance results, the grounding system uses a rod with the same area and a conductor length of 3917 meters with a resistance value of 2.
39 in the T-shape configuration.
The results of the resistance values obtained with various forms of grounding system configurations and varying conductor lengths are still safe and below the threshold or standard of the grid grounding system.
Acknowledgments Thank you to all my fellow lecturers who always give encouragement to writers, as well as appreciation for myself who never gets tired of always learning better in writing scientific journals, and don't forget to my parents who always faithfully pray for me every step of change and progress in achieving success.
References