ISSN .
: 2829-7350 | ISSN.
: 2963-9441 Strategy for Handling Conflict Resolution Through a Territorial Development Approach Dwi Suharjo1*.
Muhammad Nur Ali2.
Hasbullah3 Master of Public Administration.
Tadulako University.
Indonesia E-mail: dwisuharjo@gmail.
Abstract The aim of this research is to analyze and understand the anatomy of social religious conflict in the Poso conflict as learning through the territorial development approach as a resolution and problem solving strategy.
This research uses qualitative research.
The researcher's reason is that the problem being studied is very general, dynamic and complex, not an independent reality but an object full of transcendental meaning .
eligious in nature and difficult to understan.
This research procedure was carried out by analyzing the opinions of leadership elements in the Central Sulawesi region, including the military.
Civil Officials.
NGOs (NGO.
related to conflict studies.
Conflict Actors.
Religious Leaders, and Social Science Experts.
The mediation approach was carried out through territorial guidance by the Indonesian National Land Army apparatus.
The research results show that anatomically, the cause of the Poso conflict comes from within the Poso community and not external parties.
The Poso conflict was caused by many factors, not only related to religious factors but also the overlap of various factors, such as economic inequality, political institutional crisis, distrust in legal institutions and law enforcement, security crisis and disorientation of socio-cultural values.
The resolution is carried out through the territorial development approaches such as .
the territorial development in the Field of Ideology.
the territorial development in the Political Sector which is directed and implemented through nonphysical activities, .
the territorial development through an Economic Sector approach.
territorial development through a Socio-Cultural Sector approach.
which is directed at developing community aspects of culture and social ethics.
Special Assistant in the Field of Defense and Security.
which is directed at community development in the field of public security defense.
Based on the research results, it is recommended to central and regional leaders that the Poso Complex should be used as an event for valuable learning and serious understanding of conflict triggers .
, basic causes of conflict .
ivotal factor.
, factors that mobilize conflict .
obilizing factor.
, as well as factors which exacerbate the conflict .
ggravating factor.
Then it is recommended that the TNI be able to carry out intensity and existence as well as professionalism of territorial development by Indonesian National Army officers from the army headquarters in their subordinate units such as military area commands, military resort commands, and military district commands and their staff to be able to detect symptoms of more vital factors.
early so that the symptoms of conflict can be controlled.
Keywords anatomy, resolution, territorial establishment.
INTRODUCTION
The territorial development approach in conflict resolution is a familiar strategy for the military, because the TNI has the function of securing the country's sovereignty from foreign threats and developing territory from internal threats.
In long history, interactions between individuals, groups and nations have often given rise to conflict, which can develop into violence.
This conflict, especially in the reform era, marked a challenge for the formation of the Indonesian state.
The increase in the intensity and scope of social conflict since the reform era has surprised many parties.
A society that is known to be friendly and tolerant suddenly shows SINOMICS JOURNAL | VOLUME 3 ISSUE 1 .
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Strategy for Handling Conflict Resolution Through a Territorial Development Approach Dwi Suharjo1.
Muhammad Nur Ali2.
Hasbullah3 DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
54443/sj.
a violent nature involving religious, racial and group conflicts.
The impacts include moral, cultural, financial and infrastructural losses.
There is a view that conflict is part of social life, both as a result of social interaction and as a dynamic of destructive conflict.
However, it is important to distinguish between conflicts that are natural in the development of society and conflicts that threaten collective Factors such as marginalization, betrayal, oligarchy, and weak legal control contribute to conflict.
However, it should be noted that conflict is not a condition that can be ignored, because it can disrupt national stability and development.
The TNI's territorial development approach has an important role in understanding and resolving conflicts.
The TNI's territorial functions, which include intelligence, operations, personnel, logistics, and territory, focus on exploiting geographic, demographic, and social factors to strengthen national defense and resolve conflicts.
Conflict does not only occur physically, but also involves structural and cultural Conflict resolution requires a deep understanding of the sources of conflict and a comprehensive approach, including prevention, handling and post-conflict recovery.
The conflict case in Poso.
Central Sulawesi, is a lesson to avoid similar conflicts in the Handling conflicts using a territorial development approach seeks to resolve differences, build new relationships, and avoid the emergence of new problems such as radicalism and terrorism.
By referring to the principles of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika and the insight of the archipelago, the territorial development approach aims to strengthen national unity and morals and achieve sustainable peace.
Scientific research must have clear objectives and serve as guidelines for conducting research, and also demonstrate the quality of the research.
Based on the problem identification stated above, the objectives of this research are:
To analyze, understand and formulate a Social Religious Conflict Resolution Implementation Strategy from the Poso conflict events as a lesson.
To analyze, understand and formulate socio-religious conflict resolution using the Binter approach in the context of preventing theory in Indonesia.
LITERATURE REVIEW
For consideration and comparative studies in this research, it is preceded by several library analyses, academic journals and previous research results to get another side of the results of previous research, so that it has other conceptual dimensions and updated research results which are merely an expansion of the scope of the study, scientific insight, and attention to research objects and subjects from different points of view, updated conceptual bases and different methodological approaches.
Research conducted by Linda Uji Purnasanti on November 28, 2017, from the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences.
Diponegoro University entitled "The Effectiveness of the Role of Search For Common Ground Indonesia in Handling the Impact of Post-Conflict Crimes Against Humanity in Poso 2009-2016".
This research examines SINOMICS JOURNAL | VOLUME 3 ISSUE 1 .
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One method dominates the research, while the other method complements the data.
The research results show that the handling of the Poso conflict by the Search For Common Ground Indonesia (SFCG) team was carried out through several work programs.
First, the Internal Leading Fellowship Program (LFP), second, the Peace Leaders Camp:
Collaboration in Diversity Program, such as advocacy, analysis and increasing public Apart from that.
SFCG also carries out intermediary functions, conflict resolution, and helps improve human resources (HR) in Poso.
These programs refer to fundamental human rights principles as explained in the Geneva Convention of 12 August 1949 Article 75.
, which emphasizes the importance of prioritizing human rights for every individual regardless of differences such as race, skin color, gender, religion, or trust.
Strategy Theory In the Big Indonesian Dictionary, the word strategy means a careful plan regarding activities to achieve specific targets.
(Big Indonesian Dictionary.
Jakarta: Balai Pustaka, 2.
, 1092.
The term strategy comes from the Greek strategia which is interpreted as "the art of the general " or the art of a commander which is usually used in warfare.
According to Triton .
there are at least three meanings of strategy.
First, strategy is a declaration of intent that defines the means to achieve goals and pays serious attention to the allocation of important company resources for the long term and matching resources and capabilities with the external environment.
Second, strategy is a perspective where critical issues or success factors can be discussed, and strategic decisions aim to make a large and long-term impact on the behavior and success of the organization.
Third, strategy is basically about setting goals .
trategic objective.
and allocating or adapting resources to opportunities .
esource-based strategi.
so as to achieve strategic fit between strategic objectives and their resource base.
Strategy comes from the Greek strategia which means leadership of troops or the art of leading troops.
The word strategia comes from the word strategos which developed from the word stratos .
and the word agein .
The term strategy was used in a military context from the time of Greco-Roman glory until the early days of industrialization.
Then the term strategy expanded to various aspects of societal activities, including economic, social, cultural and religious.
Management and Conflict Management Understanding Conflict Management Management is a process of planning, organizing, controlling and implementing activities carried out by a group to achieve common goals in an institution.
So, it can be interpreted that management cannot be separated from planning, organizing, controlling and implementing.
According to Satoso SINOMICS JOURNAL | VOLUME 3 ISSUE 1 .
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Strategy for Handling Conflict Resolution Through a Territorial Development Approach Dwi Suharjo1.
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Conflict Management is the steps taken by perpetrators or third parties to direct disputes to certain results which can be in the form of conflict resolution and produce calm, positive, creative, consensual or aggressive results.
Conceptually, the meaning of conflict management can be defined as a process, art and science and all the resources available to an individual, group or organization to achieve the goal of managing conflict.
40 According to Ross, conflict management is the steps taken by actors or third parties.
in directing disputes to certain results which can be in the form of conflict resolution and produce calm, positive things, creative, consensual or aggressive.
Based on the definition above, the author can interpret that conflict management is the steps taken by perpetrators or third parties in directing disputes to certain results which can be in the form of conflict resolution and produce calm, positive, creative, consensus or Conflict Management Implementation Strategy According to Pupita .
The tactics/strategies used in resolving conflict include steps, namely talking to other people when you are in a happy mood so that you can spread feelings of happiness and joy to other people, build an atmosphere of familiarity with meet frequently, show liking and respect for others, increase similarities, minimize differences, act so that others feel comfortable, adapt to other people's habits, attitudes and speaking styles, let others help, and accept other people's mistakes or shortcomings as ordinary people.
A process-oriented approach to conflict management points to communication patterns including the behavior of actors and how they influence interests and interpretations of the Some strategies for dealing with conflict include contending, yielding, problem solving, with drawing .
, and inaction .
, not doing anything, where each party waits for the next step and other parties.
(Prruit & Robbin, 2004:7-.
so it can be interpreted that the implementation strategy for dealing with conflict is by competing, giving in, solving problems, withdrawing and remaining silent.
We can do some of these things if we find conflicts that happen to us.
So, our lives will be safe and peaceful.
Conflict Resolution Strategy Sociologically, social processes can take the form of social processes that combine .
ssociative processe.
and social processes that separate .
issociative processe.
Associative social processes are directed at the realization of values such as social justice, love, harmony and solidarity.
On the other hand, dissociative social processes lead to the creation of negative or asocial values, such as hatred, hostility, egoism, arrogance and The forms of conflict resolution that are commonly used are conciliation, mediation, arbitration, coercion, dytente.
This order is based on people's habits of looking for a solution to a problem, namely informal methods first, then formal methods, if the first method brings Placing conflict as an essential element in the growth and development of society and viewing conflict as having a worse image are of course two different things.
In the second SINOMICS JOURNAL | VOLUME 3 ISSUE 1 .
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Yet in the most basic dimensions, humans cannot escape how this element of conflict will be present in every dimension of human and social life everywhere.
So, the ability of individuals or communities to manage this conflict will be a constructive force for building civilization in a particular community (Simmel, 1993: 490-.
The important point that must be underlined in this matter is that it focuses more on the conflict that has so threatened human dignity.
We will be able to see the problem in the tendency for conflict to reach the threshold.
and no longer respect human dignity as human We can see the process of war, violence, murder, and all forms of criminalization of conflict that threaten human life and civilization.
Ethical and axiological values must be placed in the human dimension.
If it is only read as a separate event, then efforts to understand the conflict will often give rise to 'empty messages' which are actually dangerous.
Moreover, we are aware of this ontological basis to strengthen that the dimension of overcoming conflict is not only instrumentalist in nature.
It needs to be based on reasoning that goes beyond just a matter of method but enters the basic values of human philosophy.
Any conflict that goes beyond the limits of humanity will of course threaten other humans as human beings.
Whatever the arguments and creeds of reasons that are built, every conflict will involve threats to the human dignity of other people (Kapuscinski, 2012:47.
Tjaya, 2012:.
This kind of perspective is one that must be the basic pillar of every discussion about conflict and all its problems.
Before we get into the specifics of how to read and analyze the anatomy of religious-based conflict, we need to explain the choice of analytical methods developed by various schools of thought and theoretical perspectives.
This step will be quite helpful later to become a door to analysis for detailed observations of the conflict phenomena that occur.
There are at least three tendencies, three traditional perspectives, approaches that are usually developed in reading conflict (Susan, 2012: 54-.
First, positivist tradition, which gave birth to a macro perspective on conflict which is also often referred to as structural conflict sociology.
The main characteristic of this school of thought is the generalization of conflict that applies universally and also sees conflict as the dynamics of structural movements.
Second, humanist approach, which leaves the macro approach by choosing a micro approach tradition in viewing conflict.
The key to analysis is placed on symbolic interactions which emphasize individuals, symbols .
anguage and meanin.
, and the social Social construction theory and phenomenology can be placed within this humanist Third.
The critical tradition, which places much emphasis on the task of emancipation, reads into aspects of the ideological and dominative relationship between rulers and society.
Critical theory reads conflict more as a problem that cannot be separated from the interests of the ideology of power.
However, apart from these three general approaches, various approaches are now starting to be developed which are no longer limited to one or two approaches but develop them in various combinations of approaches .
Usually, this method is SINOMICS JOURNAL | VOLUME 3 ISSUE 1 .
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54443/sj.
developed as part of responding to various concrete needs in handling conflict.
However, in the notes from Novri Susan .
2: 110-.
there is a common thread among these approaches from which similarities can be drawn.
First, that everyone has a basic number of interests, they want and try to get them, society is always involved in situations created by the desires of each person to achieve their interests.
Second.
Central to the overall conflict theory perspective is a focus on power as the core of social relations.
Third.
A special aspect of conflict theory is that values and ideas are seen as instruments used by social groups to facilitate the achievement of their goals as well as ways of defining a whole society's identity and its goals.
Conflict Resolution Methods According to Forsyth, there are several methods for carrying out conflict resolution, so that conflicting group members can be transformed into a peaceful and harmonious settlement, including the following:
Commitment (Negotiatio.
Conflict can occur when members in a group feel confident in their position and have no desire to give in to each other, but conflict can be resolved when group members decide to negotiate to reach an agreement that can benefit all parties.
Negotiation is a reciprocal communication process carried out by two or more members to find out more specific problems, explain their positions and exchange ideas.
Negotiations are sometimes more than just bargaining or mutual compromise.
Like distributive negotiations, both parties hide their competitive orientation and take turns until one party gets something better than the other.
On the other hand, as written by Roger Fisher and William Ury, integrative negotiation aims to collaborate with group members to improve cooperative performance and integrative results that benefit both parties.
Fisher and Ury also suggest group members create problem-solving sessions and work together to find Misperception (Understandin.
Conflicts often occur due to misunderstandings.
People often think that other people want to compete with them but in reality, other people only want to cooperate with them.
They think that when other people criticize their ideas, those other people are criticizing them personally.
They believe that the other person's motives are to benefit their side.
Group members must eliminate such thought patterns by actively communicating their motives and goals in the discussion.
Communication is not enough to resolve conflicts, but they also create misunderstandings and deception.
Communication can open up opportunities for group members to trust each other, but it can also be a "boomerang" for the group with "outpourings" from group members who show hatred or dislike for other members.
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There are various ways for group membersto resolve their conflicts.
Some of them just look at their problems and hope that it will go away by itself.
Several other members discuss their problems, sometimes calmly and rationally, but sometimes angrily and Others look for a neutral party to moderate the conflict.
And sadly, there are members who use physical violence.
There are basically 4 .
categories of tactics used to resolve conflicts, namely: .
Avoiding.
Basically, this tactic is an attempt to avoid conflict and hope that the conflict will disappear by itself.
People who adopt this tactic usually avoid the meeting, change the subject or leave the group.
Yielding Group members solve large and small problems by handing over decisions to other After going through a discussion and negotiation process, group members felt that their ideas were wrong and finally agreed to the ideas of other group members.
Yielding usually occurs due to members' changing mindset and agreeing with other opinions or the pressure that exists within them.
Fighting.
In some people, they want to resolve conflicts by forcing other members to accept their views.
They view conflict as a win-lose situation and use competitive and forceful tactics to intimidate other and .
Cooperating.
Members who rely on cooperation to resolve conflict tend to look for solutions that are acceptable to all parties.
They do not impose their will and are competitive.
Instead, they pinpoint the root of the problem and find the right solution to their problem.
This orientation is called a win-win solution because it considers the results that concern other people to be their results too.
Avoiding and fighting methods are considered negative methods because they have the potential to give rise to new conflicts and leave existing conflicts unresolved.
On the other hand, the yielding and cooperating methods are good methods and produce solutions that are acceptable to all parties.
Meanwhile, the fighting and cooperating methods are active methods because there is a real effort to resolve the conflict, while the avoiding and yielding methods are passive methods.
Upward (Downward Conflict Spiral.
Consistent cooperation between people over a long period of time can increase mutual trust.
But when group members continue to compete with each other, mutual trust will become more elusive.
When someone cannot trust other people, they will compete to maintain things that benefit themselves or things that can eliminate competition are tit-for-tat or TFT.
Tit-for-tat is a bargaining strategy that begins with cooperation, but then imitates the choices made by others.
In other words, people will compete if other people compete, and people will cooperate if other people cooperate.
Many (On.
Individuals who are not involved in the problem should not take sides with one party but should act as mediators in the conflict.
A third party .
can help defuse the conflict by:
Relieve frustration and resentment by giving both parties an opportunity to express their feelings.
If communication is not smooth, a third party can help to straighten out the problem.
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Third parties can save AufaceAy for those in conflict by placing blame on themselves.
A third party may submit an alternative proposal that is acceptable to both parties.
Third parties can manipulate aspects of meetings such as location, seating, communication formality, time limits, attendance and agenda.
A third party can guide all parties to use an integrative problem-solving process.
However, if the parties wish to resolve the conflict in their own way, then intervention from a third party will be considered an unwanted intrusion.
The effectiveness of third parties depends on their strength within the group.
In an inquisitorial procedure, a third party will ask questions to both parties and decide the outcome that all parties should accept.
In arbitration, both parties provide arguments to a third party who will make a decision based on the arguments provided.
In a moot both parties and third parties discuss, in an open and informal situation, the problem and possible solutions.
Anger (Composur.
When things Auheat upAy, conflicting group members must be able to control their An effective method for controlling emotions is by counting 1 to 10 or telling humor or jokes in the group.
Humor can provide positive emotions and can reduce negative emotions such as anger.
Groups can also preserve culture by prohibiting negative emotions, one example of which is anger.
METHOD
This research adopts a qualitative method because the problems studied are general, dynamic and full of meaning, so they cannot be fully explained through quantitative The qualitative method was chosen to understand in depth the handling of religionbased conflicts using the Territorial Development (Binte.
approach as a mediation tool.
This research involves various parties who have important roles and views in handling conflict in the Central Sulawesi region, such as military leaders, civil officials, related NGOs, conflict actors, religious leaders, and academic experts.
Informants were selected purposively based on certain criteria.
Data collection techniques used include interviews, observation, documentation and data searching via the internet.
Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Implementation Strategy for Handling Social Religious Conflict in Poso.
Central Sulawesi as a Learning Vehicle According to secondary data contained in the Official Documents and Regional News Archives of Poso Regency, the characteristics of the Poso people show that they tend to have a cooperative attitude in dealing with social problems and avoid violence in resolving conflicts.
The people of Poso are known as friendly, polite and uphold good manners in social life.
They understand that religion is a way to achieve peace, unity and SINOMICS JOURNAL | VOLUME 3 ISSUE 1 .
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Poso Regency has a majority Muslim population in coastal towns and villages, while the majority Christian indigenous community inhabits the highlands.
Apart from that, there are immigrants from various regions in South Sulawesi and Gorontalo, as well as Arab traders who have lived in the Poso area for a long time.
The conflict in Poso initially revolved around tensions between Bugis immigrants who were Muslim and the Pamona ethnic group, who were predominantly Christian.
However, these conflicts attract many other groups through their ethnic, cultural, or economic ties.
According to several sources, until early 1998, there was no massively detrimental social conflict in Poso.
However, from 25 December 1998 to 20 December 2001, conflict occurred which started with small clashes between youth groups and ended in riots with religious nuances.
In that period, there were 577 victims killed, 384 injured, 7,932 houses destroyed, and 510 public facilities burned.
From various sources analyzed as well as field informants who experienced this bloody incident, this conflict can be seen from the anatomy of the conflict systematically and empirically as follows:
Pre-conflict Period The beginning of tension between individuals with different views, opinions and meanings of an event occurred in the period from 1998 to 2000.
The initial incident occurred on Christmas Eve, precisely on December 24, 1998, which coincided with the holy month of Ramadan.
That night, a young man named Roy Runtu Bisalemba from the predominantly Protestant sub-district of Lambogia stabbed Ahmad Ridwan, a Muslim.
The version circulating among Christians states that Ridwan fled to the mosque after being stabbed, while the version circulating among Muslims describes this as an attack on a Muslim youth who was sleeping in the mosque courtyard.
This heated situation was then resolved by a meeting between religious leaders from both parties who agreed that the source of the problem was not religious differences, but rather the problem of drinking.
In response, the Poso Police confiscated thousands of alcoholic drinks and destroyed them.
The second incident occurred on 27 December 1998, when a group of armed Christians, led by Herman Parimo, a member of the Poso DPRD and a member of the Central Sulawesi Youth Movement (GPST) NGO, used a truck from Tentena to clash with Muslim youths from Palu.
Parigi, and Ampana.
The youth in Poso villages who spread out sparked urban riots because of rivalry between the patronage networks that had been formed.
This conflict was caused more by the struggle for strategic positions in access to government.
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Strategy for Handling Conflict Resolution Through a Territorial Development Approach Dwi Suharjo1.
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Confrontation Period Namely when conflict becomes more open between two opposing camps by preparing and equipping oneself to confront opponents or those who are considered This period occurred precisely April-June 2000.
This period began in April 2000 after the trial of the former regent of Afgar Patanga, who was a Christian, was accused of misusing funds from a rural credit And it was alleged that some of these funds were used to hire mobs to attack the judicial building.
From the Muslim camp.
Chaelani Umar, a member of the provincial DPRD from the United Development Party, said that there would be more violence if Damsik Ladjalani, the regent candidate at the time, was not elected.
The next day, a Muslim youth said he was attacked by a group of Christian youths.
And the Muslims who did not accept it responded.
The fight took place between Christian youths and Muslim youths.
For several days the fighting continued.
Period of Social Crisis A period in which the conflict escalated was difficult to control, and normal relations were difficult or interrupted began in May 2000.
At that time, the largest and most severe fighting occurred, dominated by Christian counterattacks against Muslims.
Kidnappings and murders were rampant, with many young Christians preparing at a training camp in Kerei to form a Christian army in operations known as "red bats" and "black bats", led by Fabianus Tibo, an immigrant from Flores.
NTT.
On the morning of 23 May, a group of "black bats" killed a police officer.
Sergeant Major Kamaruddin Ali, and two other Muslim civilians.
This group then hid in a Catholic church in Moengko Village.
Attacks on Muslims have become more widespread, with women and children arrested, some even sexually assaulted.
About 70 people fled to a nearby Islamic boarding school.
Pesantren Walisongo, where many Muslims were killed with firearms and machetes.
The Poso Muslim group received assistance from Mujahideen from outside Poso, showing feelings of revenge and solidarity among Muslims.
There are two groups of Mujahideen here, many of them come from veterans of the Mojahedin Conflict and militant Islamic groups associated with the Darul Islam (DI) Ideology, having trained in Afghanistan and Mindanao, the Philippines, as well as Laskar Jihad from Java.
On the other hand.
Christian groups strengthened their militia forces with deadly weapons to fight attacks by Muslim groups.
The situation is getting hotter, and the social crisis continues, pushing people to flee to areas where their religion is the majority.
Muslims went to Palu.
Ampana.
Parigi, and South Sulawesi, while Christians fled to Tentena.
Napu, or Manado in North Sulawesi.
In January 2002, after the Malino Declaration was signed, the estimated number of refugees in Central Sulawesi reached 86,000 people, with the majority being in Christian areas.
The Central Sulawesi Christian Church estimates 42,000 refugees in Christian base areas in other districts.
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Consequences of Conflict The impact of the social crisis that occurred was significant material and nonmaterial losses.
The parties involved in the conflict began to surrender or surrender at the pressure of external parties, including efforts from the central government.
TNI and Polri.
To overcome this situation, the TNI and Polri Headquarters established an Operations Field Command and carried out military operations in Poso under various operational codes, such as Operation Sadar Maleo in 2000 and Operation Sintuwu Maroso in mid-April 2004.
The impact of the Poso conflict is very broad, affecting almost all aspects of life, including humanity, infrastructure, culture and the economy.
The death toll is estimated at around 2,000 people, with the government's version estimated at between 500 and 1,000 victims.
Muslim groups reported finding 840 Muslim bodies between May 2000 and December 2001.
The lesson that can be learned from this conflict is the importance of understanding how organizations produce violence as part of the overall conflict.
The role of leaders in driving acts of violence is the main factor that triggers conflict.
Through acts of violence, the leaders and members of their groups created polarization among the Poso people.
Conflict does not occur spontaneously, but there are parties who mobilize, finance and sponsor violence in the name of religion or certain interests.
Social Religious Conflict Resolution Through the Binter Approach as a Means of Social Mediation in the Context of Preventing Theorism in Indonesia The approaches used in resolving social conflicts in Poso Regency include the structural approach, social approach, and Binter (Territorial Developmen.
approach which is an integral part of the TNI-AD's duties.
The structural approach applied in resolving conflict in the Poso Regency was manifested through the Malino I Peace Declaration in December 2001.
This initiative was initiated by the Minister for Coordinating Political.
Legal and Security Affairs at that time.
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, together with the Minister for Coordinating Community Welfare.
Jusuf Kalla, and the Minister of Defense.
Abdul Jalil.
Jusuf Kalla was chosen as the main mediator because of his Sulawesi background and strong network in the region.
In the conflict resolution process, the central government acts as a facilitator and mediator, while the final determinant of conflict resolution is the disputing groups, namely Islamic and Christian groups.
The socio-cultural approach aims to create a system of norms that allows cooperation between communities to avoid conflict.
Two field commissions were formed, namely the Security and Law Enforcement Commission, and the Socio-Economic Commission.
The Security Commission is tasked with facilitating disarmament, repatriation of refugees and law enforcement, while the Socio-Economic Commission is responsible for reconciliation, social rehabilitation, repatriation of refugees, economic normalization, social support, program development and evaluation.
The Binter (Territorial Developmen.
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Law no.
34 Article 7 of 2004.
The duties of the TNI include safeguarding state sovereignty, defending territorial integrity, and protecting the nation from threats and Binter is implemented through social communication to maintain relations with components of the nation in order to realize togetherness and community participation in defense.
The TNI is involved in the Security and Law Enforcement Commission and provides guidance on tolerance and tolerance in social and state life.
Through this approach, a joint effort is created to achieve a safe, peaceful and prosperous community life, by maintaining peaceful conditions and providing guidance on tolerance and togetherness in society.
CONCLUSION
Based on a combination of theory, research results and analysis, it can be concluded that the conflict in Poso.
Central Sulawesi originates from internal factors in society, not from external parties.
This conflict is caused by various factors, including economic inequality, political crises, distrust in legal institutions, and socio-cultural disharmony.
The Poso conflict has four stages, namely the pre-conflict period, confrontation, social crisis, and conflict consequences.
From this analysis, the lesson that can be taken is the importance of the role of a leader who has a stable nature, good communication skills, and effective leadership in managing conflict.
In addition, each conflict has its own characteristics and dynamics, so different strategic approaches are needed to resolve it.
It is better to prevent conflict before it occurs than to resolve it after it occurs.
Conflict resolution and post-conflict reconciliation require strong and effective If a conflict cannot be resolved, it is important to manage it well and not force a resolution if the requirements for it have not been met.
In resolving socio-religious conflicts in Poso Regency, several approaches used include a structural approach involving government officials, both from the executive and the judiciary.
Apart from that, a socio-cultural approach is also applied to build cooperation between communities and avoid conflict.
However, one of the main approaches used is the Binter approach, which is based on TNI Law no.
34 Article 7 of 2004.
Binter's approach covers several fields, including ideology, politics, economics, socioculture and defense and security.
Through this approach, the TNI aims to develop society in various aspects of life to anticipate possible conflicts and also as an effort to prevent terrorism in Indonesia in order to maintain the integrity of the Republic of Indonesia.
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