GOVERNABILITAS (Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan Semest.
ISSN: 2722-1792 E-ISSN: 2723-4169 Vol.
5 No.
: June .
Page: 23-36 DOI : https://doi.
org/10.
47431/governabilitas.
Dynamic Governance in the Thinking Ahead Dimension: Perspectives on the Implementation of the South Sumatra Mandiri Food Movement Program Steven Anthony 1.
Atrika Iriani 2.
Sanny Nofrima 3 1 Universitas Terbuka.
Palembang.
Indonesia Author's email : steven@ecampus.
2 STISIPOL Candradimuka.
Palembang.
Indonesia Author's email : atrika.
iriani@stisipolcandradimuka.
3 Universitas Indo Global Mandiri.
Palembang.
Indonesia Author's email : sanny@uigm.
ABSTRACT
Plant, fish, and poultry farming are all part of the Food Self-Summary Movement's efforts to shift the community's perspective from "buyers" to "producers".
However, there are still many challenges in its implementation, including beneficiaries still concentrating on their primary sources of income.
GSMP socialization not being optimal for beneficiaries, field assistance related to plant and fish cultivation not being optimal, and assistance provided services not being fully adapted to field conditions and beneficiary skills.
Therefore, it is crucial to carry out research that attempts to examine how the South Sumatra Independent Food Movement Program (GSMP) is being implemented from a Dynamic Governance perspective.
So, it is expected to be able to recommend solutions for implementing the South Sumatra Independent Food Movement Program (GSMP), especially in Palembang City.
The focus of this research is Dynamic Governance in the implementation of the South Sumatra Independent Food Movement Program (GSMP), which is analyzed dynamic capabilities namely: Thinking Ahead .
hinking ahea.
The analysis techniques used include: Data Condensation.
Data Display, and Conclusion Drawing/Verifications.
Data processing will use the help of the Nvivo 12 Plus application by coding the results of the interviews.
This study focuses on using Thinking Ahead in dynamic governance.
Keywords: dynamic governance, thinking ahead, program
ABSTRAK
Peternakan tanaman, ikan, dan unggas adalah bagian dari upaya Gerakan Ringkasan Diri Pangan untuk mengalihkan perspektif masyarakat dari "pembeli" menjadi "produsen".
Namun, masih banyak tantangan dalam pelaksanaannya, antara lain penerima manfaat masih berkonsentrasi pada sumber pendapatan primernya, sosialisasi GSMP yang belum optimal bagi penerima manfaat, pendampingan lapangan terkait budidaya tanaman dan ikan yang tidak optimal, dan layanan bantuan yang diberikan tidak sepenuhnya disesuaikan dengan kondisi lapangan dan keterampilan penerima manfaat.
Oleh karena itu, sangat penting untuk melakukan penelitian yang mencoba mengkaji bagaimana Program Gerakan Pangan Mandiri (GSMP) Sumatera Selatan dilaksanakan dari perspektif Tata Kelola Dinamis.
Sehingga, diharapkan dapat merekomendasikan solusi implementasi Program Gerakan Pangan Mandiri (GSMP) Sumatera Selatan, khususnya di Kota Palembang.
Fokus penelitian ini adalah Tata Kelola Dinamis dalam pelaksanaan Program Gerakan Pangan Mandiri Sumatera Selatan (GSMP), yang dianalisis kemampuan dinamis yaitu: Thinking Ahead .
erpikir ke depa.
Teknik analisis yang digunakan meliputi: Kondensasi Data.
Tampilan Data, dan Gambar Kesimpulan / Verifikasi.
Pengolahan data akan menggunakan bantuan aplikasi Nvivo 12 Plus dengan mengkodekan hasil wawancara.
Penelitian ini berfokus pada penggunaan Thinking Ahead dalam tata kelola yang dinamis.
Kata kunci: Tata Kelola Dinamis.
Berpikir ke depan.
Program Article Information: Revision: March 2024 Received: May 2024 Published: June 2024 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.
0 International License.
INTRODUCTION
Food has always been a problem in poor and developing countries, including Indonesia.
The need for food in the world will increase, along with the increase in the world's population (Clapp, 2.
However, population increase is not the only factor that hinders the realization of national food security.
Food security is a significant issue in urban With the rapid increase in urbanization, addressing this issue has become increasingly important (Djan, 2023.
Gubarkov et al.
, 2.
The decreasing agricultural land due to conversion into residential and industrial land is a threat and challenge for the nation to achieve food self-sufficiency.
Research results (Choudhury & Headey, 2.
entitled "What Drives Diversification of National Food Supplies? A Cross-Country Analysis shows that some large countries have very low Diversificatioan of Food Supplies (DFS), such as Bangladesh.
Indonesia and Egypt.
Diversification of animal foods and processed foods has increased faster than diversification of fruits, vegetables and other plant foods.
Countries that are both producers and consumers of rice have less diverse food supplies, such as Bangladesh.
Indonesia.
Madagascar.
Cambodia and Laos.
Law No.
18 of 2012 on Food and Government Regulation (PP) No.
17 of 2015 on Food Security, stipulate that the condition of food fulfillment for the State to individuals, which is reflected in the availability of food that is sufficient in quantity and quality, safe, diverse, equitable, and affordable and does not conflict with religion, beliefs, and culture of the community to be able to live healthy, active, and productive lives in a sustainable The globe has had variable degrees of success in ending hunger despite several efforts to address the issue, and food security in cities is crucial (Alhussam et al.
, 2.
Additionally, there are ways to make this situation better, including expanding and replenishing food banks, investing in agricultural output, encouraging urban agriculture, enhancing market access, and government food intervention programs to promote .
socioeconomic balance in urban areas.
Problems related to food security are food supply, distribution and consumption (Singh, 2.
Supply is faced with increasingly limited and declining production capacity.
Distribution is faced with problems of land and inter-island distribution infrastructure, institutions and security of distribution channels, as well as varying production capacity between regions and between seasons.
The problem of consumption is that food needs have not been met, due to insufficient energy consumption .
lthough protein consumption is sufficien.
, as well as energy consumption that is mostly from grains, and biased towards rice.
Figure 1.
Visualization of the world Food Security Network in improving the quality of Mandiri Pangan.
Source: Scopus Index Journal from 2020-2023 The figure 1.
above shows that there are several color clusters, namely red, green, yellow, biju, purple and orange.
The yellow cluster is wider than the other clusters.
The yellow cluster has 19 keywords, namely sustainability, china, pandemic, resilience, climate change.
Bangladesh, food sovereignty, sustainable development goals, governance, policy, covid-19, kenya, food safety, urban agriculture, urban and south Africa.
Each of these clusters currently has connectivity with existing keywords.
This mapping is done to get a .
detailed and categorized picture of the network, while the cluster results are a collection of journals that have been accused in the Scopus database.
The largest and widest circle represents the area where the most research is done, while the opposite or smaller circle represents the area where the least research is done.
Each existing keyword relationship with the main theme can be supplemented with detail-oriented supporting points.
If you look at the image above, you will see that the largest cluster is in the blue cluster with the main keyword of governance and is related or followed by food security, food sovereignty.
Covid-19, policy, urban and pandemic.
Furthermore, the researcher who has been carried out by (Permatasari & Wijaya, 2.
This study also found that there were positive and negative impacts of each leadership on the implementation of food policy.
Soeharto's rice self-sufficiency policy and Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's agricultural revitalization each have advantages and disadvantages in an effort to increase national food security.
Problems in implementing government programs are that many providers encounter burdensome reporting requirements and program documents, especially collecting revenue Among them are people who do not participate, their information is lacking and limited (Andreyeva et al.
, 2.
This study (Eicher-miller et al.
, 2.
showed that neither consistent participation nor changes in food assistance program participation over time mediated or moderated the effects of SNAP-Ed on food security and program delivery For example, the United Kingdom to investigate how areas of embedded economic production and economic governance are combined locally argues that rescaling in regions has increased local spatial integration.
The dynamic convergence of centralized regulatory procedures, regional resource management, market protection, and firm-level practices can be used to understand this integration (Salder, 2.
This can increase the program's responsiveness to priorities identified by the community.
The findings are intended to support partners working with indigenous communities in taking a decolonizing approach to center and integrate community knowledge and experience for local action on food sovereignty and food security (Domingo et al.
, 2.
In contrast to research (Effikayana & Hakim, 2.
, which states that it is less effective due to aspects of urban communities who are not farmers, motivation, intensity of counseling and low levels of independence, food sufficiency, whereas in terms of participation in farming, the ability to grow crops is good.
From the results of measuring the effectiveness of the sustainable food garden program itself, it can be seen that the program and self-sufficiency in food security are relatively low, while the ability to .
cultivate plants is relatively good.
Another innovation in research (Lucca et al.
, 2.
is a food security program called water energy food and ecosystems (WEFE) which is implemented in the Mediterranean where the country's situation is experiencing water scarcity, climate change and ecosystem degradation, causing significant opposition to focus on using the approach Nexus which shows the application of natural resource management or the development of innovative technological solutions such as holistic and transversal perspectives that offer a Mediterranean region to reduce the effects of extreme climate and environmental change.
With this initiative, it provides an opportunity to intervene in the diversity of food provided, especially to African states, namely Nigeria (Adeosun et al.
The South Sumatra Food Independence Movement changes the mindset of the community from "buyers" to "producers" through activities: first.
Plant Cultivation.
vegetable cultivation, chili.
Second.
Fish Farming.
fish farming using tarpaulin ponds, drums, barrels, or earthen ponds and third.
Poultry Farming.
free-range chicken farming and meat utilization.
To best execute the Self-Sufficient Food Movement (GSMP), dynamic governancebased bureaucratic reform is required.
Dynamic governance is described as "to how these chosen paths, policies, institutions, and structures adapt to an uncertain and fast changing environment so that they remain relevant and effective in achieving the long-term desired outcomes of society" (Boon Siong Neo and Geraldine Chen, 2007: .
According to Neo and Chen, dynamic governance is a mechanism or pattern of how various policies, institutions, and structures are operated in order to be able to adapt to uncertain situations and quick environmental changes so that these policies, institutions, and structures remain relevant and successful in achieving the desired outcomes of society.
This research will focus on Thinking Ahead in the implementation of South Sumatra Food Independence Movement (GSMP), especially in Palembang City.
To analyze and explore the implementation of the Gerakan Sumsel Mandiri Pangan (GSMP) Program, especially in Palembang City and elaborate the Dynamic Governance model, especially on (Thinking Ahea.
in the implementation of the Gerakan Sumsel Mandiri Pangan (GSMP) Program.
Can provide information to the Government, especially the Palembang City Government, that in the Implementation of the South Sumatra Food Independent Movement Program in South Sumatra Province.
RESEARCH METHOD
This research uses a qualitative approach, a qualitative approach according to (Palinkas et al.
, 2.
(Creswell, 2.
seeks to explore and understand the meaning and social phenomena that occur.
In accordance with the context of this research, it will discuss the implementation of the Gerakan Sumsel Mandiri Pangan (GSMP) Program through the Dynamic Governance perspective.
Therefore, this study uses a case study which focuses on the implementation of the South Sumatra Food Independence Movement Program (GSMP), especially in Palembang City.
(Risanti & Winarni, 2.
explains that this case study has advantages in helping to elaborate this research, namely explaining phenomena with various sources so as to obtain valid data.
Data collection This research data was collected using the NCapture feature of Nvivo 12 Plus (Bazeley & Jackson, 2.
NCapture is a web browser add-on that records web content including website content, social media, and other content documentation such as scientific articles and opinion pieces from online news media and social media observers.
In this study, the Ncapture tool on the Nvivo 12 Plus is mainly used to collect online news media and results from interviews which will then be coded using Nvivo 12 Plus.
RESULT
Dynamic governance emphasizes the government to be able to pay attention to external factors of the policy environment.
Dynamic governance can be understood as the interdependence between the culture and capabilities of the government, supported by the ability of people / actors and good mechanisms or processes, where the interaction between the government and its external environment is able to formulate and implement adaptive policies as shown in the Figure 2.
Figure 2, it is known that there are three characteristics of capabilities in dynamic governance (Neo and Chen, 2007: 30-.
First, thinking ahead is the ability to identify environmental factors affecting the implementation of development in the future.
encourages government institutions to assess and review current policies and strategies, update targets and objectives, and draft new policies that are prepared for the future.
Figure 2.
Dynamic Governance System Framework Source: (Neo, 2.
Food is all that comes from biological resources and also water, both processed and unprocessed so that food and drink can be consumed for human life, including food ingredients and other raw materials that can be used in the process of preparing, making and processing food and beverages RI Law No.
18 of 2012 concerning food.
According to Almatsier .
in his book "Basic Principles of Nutrition Science" food is all materials that can be used as food.
The Big Indonesian Dictionary states that food is food which is an expectation for everyone.
From the description above, food can be interpreted as a basic need for every human being in fulfilling survival.
Food that is consumed must be safe, quality and nutritious.
Safe food will have a good impact on health, quality means that the food consumed has nutritional content that is beneficial to the human body, while nutritious food is food that is beneficial for human growth and human health.
From this description, food can be interpreted as a basic need for every human being in fulfilling survival.
Food consumed must be safe, quality and nutritious.
Safe food will have a good impact on health, quality means that the food consumed has nutritional content that is beneficial to the human body, while nutritious food is food that is beneficial for human growth and human health.
Food insecurity has a definition where regions, communities or households cannot meet their food needs to fulfill physiological needs for growth and health.
According to Sumarni .
, the definition of food insecurity is a condition where people cannot access and fulfill their food needs, resulting in a decline in the quality of life of the community.
The Food Security Agency .
classifies food insecurity from its nature into two:
Chronic insecurity, which is a condition of limited natural resources and low human resources and results in food shortages that are one of the roots of Transient insecurity, which is a condition caused by unpredictable events such as natural disasters, riots, bad seasons, or social conflicts in the community that lead to food insecurity.
According to Maryono .
there are several indicators used in determining whether an area is categorized as food insecure or not, namely:
Education, seen from the level of education and the number of illiteracy Labor, seen from the level of the unemployed population and the population that is below per capita income or commonly said to be poor.
Health, in terms of the number of health workers, life expectancy, the number of malnourished children under five and the maternal mortality rate.
Forestry, in terms of degradation of land prone to flooding or drought.
Physical infrastructure, seen from access to clean water and access to According to Lapan .
in determining the level of food insecurity there are several physical and non-physical .
ocio-economi.
factors that determine, namely:
Physical, which is determined by the success factor of the harvest, the harvest area, the level of productivity of food crops which is influenced by climatic factors.
Socio-economic, which is determined by the rate of population growth, consumption level, purchasing power, accessibility, and food distribution.
Food security according to FAO .
is a condition where individuals or households receive physical or economic access to food for all household members and are not at risk of losing both and according to the World Food Summit, food security is the condition of a person who can meet food needs, both physically, socio-economically on an ongoing basis and has access to adequate, nutritious, safe food, and there are eating choices for an active and healthy life Food Security Council.
Ministry of Agriculture RI and WFP, .
From all the understandings and definitions of food security above, it is concluded that the definition of food security is that individuals or households have access to food at all times, locations and are affordable for all, but in Indonesia the policy on food security .
in the new order era only covers the aspect of food supply which is better known as the Food Availability Approach (FAA) Rindayati .
South Sumatra Food Independence (SMP) is an activity carried out by households by cultivating yard land as a source of food in a sustainable manner to increase availability, affordability and utilization and increase income (Implementation Guidelines for the South Sumatra Food Independence Movement in 2.
The principles of the South Sumatra Food Independence Movement (SMP) include:
Change the mindset of consumers .
to producers .
of family food consumption needs Produce part of the food needs for family consumption through the utilization of the yard.
Seeking efforts to provide their own household consumption to overcome the total consumption that exceeds the income received.
Objectives of the Food Self-Sufficient Movement (SMP) Activities Empowering households and communities in providing food and nutrition sources through optimizing the use of yard land.
To increase the awareness, role and participation of the community in realizing diverse, nutritionally balanced and safe food consumption patterns (B2SA) while changing consumption behavior so as to achieve good nutritional status.
Increase the availability, affordability and utilization of food for households.
Reducing expenditures at the household level, increasing the amount of household income through the provision of market-oriented food.
The research focus is adopted from Dynamic Governance theory (Boon Siong Neo and Geraldine Chen .
which includes: Thinking Ahead.
Goals and objectives of the South Sumatra Food Independence Movement (GSMP) program implementation.
Thinking Ahead is the ability to think ahead, encompassing a number of dimensions, namely: the ability to identify future developments, the ability to understand the implications on the importance of future socioeconomic goals, and the ability to identify strategic investments and options needed for society to exploit new opportunities while mitigating the negative effects of potential threats.
The purpose of Thinking Ahead is to gain an understanding of future needs and consider the risks of current strategies and policies.
This process helps decision-makers to look back at the situation and revisit the strategies needed to review existing policies and .
The way this can be done is to look at events that subsequently form patterns, and understand how they impact on the socio-economic goals of the community.
Goals and objectives of the implementation of the South Sumatra Independent Food Movement Program (GSMP).
Based on the results of interviews with informants as the Head of the Plantation Service of South Sumatra Province, it is known that:
"In order to realize food security towards food independence and accelerate poverty alleviation, in 2021 the Government of South Sumatra implemented the "South Sumatra Food Independence Movement (SMP)".
This activity is expected to increase the availability, affordability and utilization/consumption of family food in accordance with balanced nutritional needs and increase family income because "Food Independence" starts at the household level.
The objectives of GSMP include: Empowering households and communities in providing food and nutrition sources through optimizing the use of yard Increasing awareness, roles and participation of the community in realizing diverse, nutritionally balanced and safe food consumption patterns (B2SA) while changing consumption behavior so as to achieve good nutritional status.
Increasing the availability, affordability and utilization of food for households.
and Reducing expenditures at the household level, increasing the amount of household income through the provision of market-oriented food" (Interview result 6 March 2.
In line with this.
Informant as the Head of Consumption.
Food Security and Livestock of the Food Security and Livestock Service Office of South Sumatra Province, added:
"The target of the South Sumatra Food Independence Movement (SMP) is all households in all villages and sub-districts spread across 17 .
districts/cities of South Sumatra Province until 2025.
Poor households receiving assistance with the criteria in the Integrated Social Welfare Data (DTKS).
So far, the implementation of GSMP has been right on target" (Interview result April 5, 2.
The Figure 3.
results of the interview that the objectives of GSMP include:
Empowering households and communities in providing food and nutrition sources through optimizing the use of yard land.
Increasing awareness, roles and participation of the community in realizing diverse, nutritionally balanced and safe food consumption patterns (B2SA) while changing consumption behavior so as to achieve good nutritional status.
Increasing the availability, affordability and utilization of food for households.
Reducing expenditure at the household level, increasing the amount of household income through the provision of market-oriented food.
Figure 3.
Targets & Realization of Target Poor Household Assistance in South Sumatra Province .
rocessed by the autho.
Source: GSMP 2022 Documentation The targets of the South Sumatra Food Self-Sufficiency Movement (SMP) activities are all households in all villages and sub-districts spread across 17 .
districts / cities of South Sumatra Province until 2025.
Poor households receiving assistance with the criteria in the Integrated Social Welfare Data (DTKS).
So far, the implementation of GSMP has been right on target.
Environmental factors that influence the implementation of the South Sumatra Food Independence Movement Program (GSMP).
In this case, environmental factors also influence the implementation of the South Sumatra Food Independence Movement Program (GSMP), one of which is the participation of the community, especially millennials.
The function of the Independent Food Program is clearly to increase and reduce poverty in South Sumatra so that a food independent society can be realized.
Millennials think that this program is very important and can be done, one of which is being able to run and provide direct examples that this movement is very important and has an effect on the economy (Setiawan, 2.
Figure 4.
South Sumatra Millennial Response 2023 Source: Interview processed by the author using Nvivo 12 Plus Millennial participation has an impact on the smooth running of the South Sumatra Independent Food Movement Program, based on the data above which the author processed using Nvivo 12 Plus the results of interviews with ten millennials, one of whom is an agricultural ambassador, student, community and others.
Responding well to the existence of this program proves that this program has brought significant changes to the people of South Sumatra, including being able to improve food security, improve the economy, educate the community, minimize poverty, have a positive impact, land use and community One millennial from Sekayu village said this: "The Sekayu village community is trying hydroponic plants to utilize the empty land in front of the house" (Interview result on March 5, 2.
In addition, efforts to educate the local community to produce vegetables from their yards so that they can cultivate hydroponic plants.
Another response from the community in Tanjung Api-Api Village KM 35, researchers saw that the majority of the village community worked as farmers.
The community in Tanjung Api-Api Village can be said to have implemented the South Sumatra government's food self-sufficiency program long before the food self-sufficiency program was launched.
With the majority as farmers, the people of Tanjung Api-Api Village utilize agricultural land as a livelihood.
With deeprooted habits in the area, the community is accustomed to and productive in the utilization of agricultural land.
In developing food self-sufficiency in the village of Jalan Tanjung Api-Api KM 35.
Sumber Mekar Mukti Village.
Tanjung Lago District.
Banyuasin Regency.
South Sumatra Province.
Judging from agriculture and increasing productivity and creating a productive mindset, the Tanjung Api-Api community has implemented the Food Self-Sufficiency Program long before the South Sumatra Program was launched.
However, this program is certainly expected to increase the level of public awareness of the importance of land use and the level of food security for the community's economy.
In this case, the Tanjung ApiApi community also participated in the program of the Banyuasin Regent for the 20182023 period, where it is mandatory to at least plant plants such as vegetables, fruits and medicinal plants in the yard.
CONCLUSION
The implementation of the Gerakan Sumsel Mandiri Pangan (GSMP) consists of a program carried out by households through the use of yard land as a sustainable food source to increase availability, affordability, and utilization and increase income.
From the .
research results of the program, there are several obstacles in the field, namely, first, the assistance provided has not been maximally utilized because the beneficiaries are still preoccupied with their main source of income, second, the socialization of the objectives and sustainability of GSMP to the beneficiaries is still lacking, third, there is still a lack of ideal field assistance for agriculture and fish farming, making it difficult to overcome problems that arise and the assistance provided has not been fully adapted to the beneficiaries' abilities and field conditions.
REFERENCES