VERNACULAR, Vol.3, No.2, Tahun 2024, 223-227

DEIXIS IN ALL TOO WELL MOVIE SCRIPT
DEIKSIS DALAM NASKAH FILM ALL TOO WELL

Valenziana Cristy1, Milisi Sembiring2, Vivi Novalia Sitinjak3
Department of English Language and Literature, Fakultas Sastra123
Universitas Methodist Indonesia
Jl. Hang Tuah No.8, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara 20151, Indonesia
Email: lenzys4@gmail.com1, milisisembiring@gmail.com2, vivisitinjak0@gmail.com3

Abstract
This research is about Deixis in All Too Well movie script. The objectives of this research are to find
out the types and functions of Deixis in All Too Well movie script. Therefore, this research uses the
theory of Yule. This research was conducted using qualitative methods. The data of this research is
Dylan and Sadie’s dialogue from the All Too Well film. The results shows that there are three types
and three functions of Deixis in All Too Well Movie Script. The types of deixis found are personal deixis,
spatial deixis and temporal deixis. Furthermore, the functions of deixis are pointing. This pointing is to
identify the person (who), location (where) and time (when) here, which are designated as person
deixis, spatial deixis, and temporal deixis.
Keywords: Deixis, Pragmatics, Movie script
Abstrak
Penelitian ini tentang Deiksis pada Naskah Film All Too Well. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk
mengetahui jenis dan fungsi Deiksis dalam Naskah Film All Too Well. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini
menggunakan teori Yule. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data
penelitian ini adalah dialog Dylan dan Sadie dari film All Too Well. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
bahwa terdapat tiga jenis dan tiga fungsi Deiksis pada Naskah Film All Too Well. Jenis deiksis yang
ditemukan adalah deiksis personal, deiksis spasial, dan deiksis temporal. Selain itu, fungsi deiksis
juga bersifat penunjuk. Penunjukan ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi orang (siapa), lokasi
(dimana), dan waktu (kapan) yang dimaksud dalam deiksis persona, deiksis spasial, dan deiksis
temporal.
Kata kunci: Deiksis, Pragmatiks, Naskah Film

Introduction
In human existence, the use of language is a crucial component. Language is utilized for
correspondence between people. Ondondo (2015) determined that language is the main medium for
communicating ideas, whether orally or in writing. So, language is essential and important to
communication. So, it follows that communication would suffer if there were a language issue. The
impact of language impairments on communication, however, has not received much attention.
Additionally, the study of utterance context, phrase meaning, and their relationships one another is
known as pragmatics.
Yule (2014) contended that pragmatics is the study of how a speaker or conversation partner
delivers meaning and how listeners or viewers comprehend it. The study of pragmatics focuses on the

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occurrence of deixis in both everyday life and literary works including novels, short stories, films and
plays. Pragmatics is the study of how context affects speech or the meaning of speech situations.
Cummings (2018: 31) proposed that deixis is a term or phrase that refers to a word, phrase,
or statement whose reference changes depending on who is speaking, when they are speaking it, and
where they are speaking it. Cummings also said that a word is considered to be deixis if the referent
shifts or transforms depending on who is speaking, as well as the context in which it is stated.
This research specifically focuses on analyzing deixis in light of the rapidly expanding body of
research on the subject. Because there are more deixis in the research subject than in past research,
as was previous studies, like one of them is Levinson (1983). Levinson established that deixis is divided
into five types, there are personal deixis, time deixis, place deixis, social deixis and discourse deixis.
This research is different from that study. Fortunately, the results are consistent with Yule
(2017)’s three types of deixis, as are, personal deixis, spatial deixis, and temporal deixis, which the
researchers used in their research. Additionally, All Too Well’s deixis research has not been discovered
yet. Therefore, it is imperative to carry out this research. Yule (2017) assumes that the Greek word for
deixis is deixis expressions, which means (pointing) through words. Because every utterance is
associated to refer to the people, place, and time, it is used to analyze sentences, conversations, and
other expressions. The listener would understand the meaning if they are aware of who (personal
deixis), where (spatial deixis), and when (temporal deixis) the utterance is made.

Method
3.1 Research Design
This research use a descriptive qualitative research design. The researcher selected it because
the researcher examined the types deixis included in the All Too Well Movie Script. Arikunto (2013)
describes that descriptive research is the research that explains or characterizes a contemporary
phenomenon with a view to examining the circumstances, with the findings being provided as a study
report. Qualitative method is used as opposed to the quantitative one because it’s
far continually used in the subject of social science.
3.2 Source of Data
The source of data in this research is All Too Well film. The data has been taken from the
dialogue between Sadie Sink and Dylan O’Brien in the Taylor Swift’s film entitled All Too Well. Data
has been collected from Sadie Sink and Dylan O’Brien’s dialogue, which contains deixis to collect data
needed in the research process that has been carried out.
3.3 Procedures of Data Collections
The procedures of data collection are formulated as the followings:
1. Searching and downloading All Too Well film.
https://lyricstranslate.com/en/taylor-swift-all-too-well-10-minute-versionshor-lyrics.html
2. Observing carefully the All Too Well film over and over again.
3. Searching for books, thesis, and journals related to deixis and pragmatics theory.
4. Identifying the deixis in the dialogue.
5. Classifying deixis in their own types.
6. Highlighting the important points in the script that related to the problem being
discussed.
3.4 Procedures of Data Analysis
The procedures of data analysis are formulated as the followings:
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1. Analyzing the dialogue contained in the All Too Well film to find out the types of
deixis and the functions of deixis that occur in the film.
2. Classifying the data based on the theory proposed by Yule (2017: 256) about
three types of deixis, and theory proposed by Yule (2014: 257) about three functions
of deixis.
3. Drawing the conclusion as the result of the research.

Result and Discussion
Yule (2017) assumes that the Greek word for deixis is deixis expressions, which means
(pointing) through words. Because every utterance is associated to refer to the people, place, and
time, it is used to analyze sentences, conversations, and other expressions. The listener would
understand the meaning if they are aware of who (personal deixis), where (spatial deixis), and when
(temporal deixis) the utterance is made.
The researcher examined the three types and their functions of deixis: personal deixis, spatial
deixis, and temporal deixis.
Types of Deixis
1. Personal Deixis
In personal deixis, the first-person is the speaker’s relates to himself by using the term “I”.
The second-person is an individual (or individuals) who is spoken to in a dialogue similarly to you. The
third-person (singular) is a person who is neither someone who speaks nor someone who listens, for
example, her, him or it.
1. First-person pronouns
Sadie: “Listen to me!”
In this first-person pronoun, the word “me” it can be classified as a direct indication of a
personal deixis that belongs to the category of first-person pronouns.
2. Second-person pronouns
Dylan: “I’m sorry I dropped your hand”
In this second-person pronoun, the word “your” can be classified as a direct indication of
personal deixis that “you” belongs to the category of second-person pronouns.
3. Third-person pronouns
Sadie: “They are all older than me”
In this third-person pronoun, the word “they” can be classified as a direct indication of
personal deixis that belongs to the category of third-person pronouns.
2. Spatial Deixis
Location deixis or spatial deixis refers to the location or place that the speaker is referring to
when they use language. Locations close to the speaker and locations far from the speaker are
distinguished in spatial deixis.
1. Dylan: “These are people I haven’t seen in like ten years and you just sit there the entire
time”
The word “there” is included in a place that is distant
2. Sadie: “You dropped my hand! What am I supposed to do with that?”
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The word “that” is included in an object that is close to them.
3. Temporal Deixis
A role of temporal deixis is to clarify whether or if the duration of a moment in discourse
pertains to time.
1. Dylan: “These are people I haven’t seen like ten years and you just sit there the entire time”
The word “ten years” conveys past occurrences
2. Dylan: “You’re making it about you’re, you’re acting self… I’m saying you’re acting selfish,
absolutely. Right now that’s exactly what’s happening.
The word “right now” conveys present occurrences.
Functions of Deixis
The function of the deixis is pointing. This pointing is to identify the person here, which is
designated as person deixis spatial deixis, and temporal deixis.
1. Personal Deixis
The function of personal deixis (who) is to point out the things or speakers.
1. Sadie: “I was not being weird”
The word “I” has a function to point out the speaker, namely Sadie.
2. Sadie: “I feel so out of place, you’re the only one that makes people comfortable”
The word “you” has a function to point out the listener, namely Dylan.
3. Dylan: “These are my friends and they are super nice to you, too"
The word “they” has a function to point out the object, namely Dylan’s friends.
2. Spatial Deixis
The function of spatial deixis (where) is to point out the location or location of the object or
person speaking.
1. Dylan: “These are people I haven’t seen in like ten years and you just sit there the entire
time”
The word “there” has a function to point out the location. The word “there” refers to the
distal form.
2. Sadie: “You dropped my hand! What am I supposed to do with that?”
The word “that” has a function to point out the location. The word “that” refers to the
proximal form.
3. Temporal Deixis
The function of temporal deixis (where) is to point out the time of the thing or person
speaking.
1. Dylan: “These are people I haven’t seen like ten years and you just sit there the entire time”
The word “entire time” conveys past occurrences.

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2. Dylan: “You’re making it about you’re, you’re acting self… I’m saying you’re acting selfish,
absolutely. Right now that’s exactly what’s happening.”
The term “right” has a function to point out the time. The word “right now” conveys present
occurrences.

Conclusion
As a result, the researcher gathers the data and concludes to the conclusion that the All Too Well
movie script contains deixis of three different types, each serving different functions. As a result of
the data, the researcher concludes two. First, there are 102 data found, the first it personal deixis,
namely: I (28), me (9), my (3), we (1), you (29), your (3), it (5), these (3), that (6), they (3), and them
(1). The second is spatial deixis: these (1), and that (1). The temporal deixis, namely: entire time (1),
entire night (2), ten years (1), night (1), now (2), and right now (1). Second, for readers, this research
hopefully can be used as a reference to support relevant studies done by the other researchers and
this research could be used as a tool for the readers to improve English reading skills. With reading
this research, readers also could advance their deictic expression knowledge, and vocabulary English
skill.

Reference
Arikunto, S. (2013). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Rineka Cipta.
Cummings, L. (2018). Pragmatik : Perspektif Multidisplin (E. Setiawati & A. S. Ibrahim (eds.); 1st ed.).
Pustaka Pelajar.
Levinson, S. C. (1983). Pragmatics (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511813313
Ondondo, E. A. (2015). Acquired Language Disorders as Barriers to Effective Communication. Theory
and Practice in Language Studies, 5(7), 1324. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0507.02
Yule, G. (2014). The Study of Language (5th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Yule, G. (2017). The Study of Language (6th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

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