Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis.
Vol.
9 No.
2 Maret 2022
P - ISSN
: 2503-4413
E - ISSN
: 2654-5837.
Hal 340 Ae 349
THE ZAKAT OF CRAB TRADING ACCORDING TO IMAM ASY-SYAFIAoI AND IMAM
IBN HAZMIN (A CASE STUDY OF TANJUNGBALAI ASAHAN )
By :
Munawwir Ramadhan Fachrur Rozifaidila Muhammad Yusnar Magister in Faculty of Syariah and Law.
UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta Magister in Faculty of Syariah and Law.
UIN SU Medan Magister in Faculty of Economic and Business.
UIN SU Medan Email: munawwirramadhan233@Gmail.
Com Articel Info Article History :
Received 24 February - 2022 Accepted 24 March - 2022 Available Online 30 March 2022 Abstract This research is entitled The Zakat of Crab Trading according To Imam Asy- SyafiAoi and Imam Ibn Hazm (A Case Study of Tanjungbalai Asaha.
Alms is one of Islamic pillars.
Our worship will be accepted by Allah SWT, our wealth will be cleaned from Generally, there are three animals allowed for animal alms, such as cows, goats, and camels.
Other than those animals are How about crab trading as alms? This crab trading alms was proposed by UD SULTHAN enterprise located in Tanjungbalai Asahan.
The owner said that paying alms was a mandatory.
He does it every year.
I choose this topic for my article by analyzing it from two different points of view from Imam SyafiAoi and Imam Ibn Hazmin.
The method used in this research was Library Research to see how the trading was practiced in the society and comparative method to compare two mazhab experts opinion.
The data collection was done through an interview and related books as references.
Keywords :
Imam Mazhab.
Zakat Tijarah.
Crab Trading.
both are one of the wealth distributions between Humans (TauziAou Al Tsarwa.
The distribution is not from an economic transaction.
A shortcut is needed for the contribution called zakat.
Since it forces to share Muslims properties to people who need it.
In every command that Allah SWT orders, there is a big secret behind it.
It benefits human philosophically in conservation.
One of those secrets in SyariAoat Az Zakah is mentioned in Alquran as follows:
a a aCaU A aEaEA a AA aEA a AEa eO aN ne eI au acIA a A aN a aN eI aOaa aEO aNI a aN aOA a Aa e aI eI a eI aO aE aN eIA ca AE UaI Eac aN e eI aOA )( A aEO UIA a A aIO UA a acEEA The meaning : 103.
AuTake Sadaqah .
from their wealth in order to purify them and sanctify them with it, and invoke Allah SWT for them.
verily! Your invocations are a source of security for them and Allah SWT
BACKGROUND
Alms or Zakat is a wealth taken outside in SyaraAo.
Zakat from Islamic points of view does not decrease our wealth but that is opposite.
increases our wealth, clean it from dirt, keep us away from bad lucks, and get us closer to support poor people.
Zakat can eliminate the discrepancies between poor and rich.
A rich man with a leadership skills can easily put his assets on great business based on his However, bad social competence intimidates poor people.
To solve this problem, a fair contribution system pushing the sense of caring to each other should be implemented (Al Aghniy.
to Fuqara.
Masakin, etc.
One of his social care acts is in paying Shadaqah and Zakat.
Zakat is giving property as an obligation.
Whereas.
Shadaqah is giving property as Sunnah.
Both of them are Ibadah.
In economic concept.
Muhtar Sadili.
Problematika Zakat Kontemporer Artikulasi Proses Social Politik Bangsa (Jakarta: Forum Zakat, 2.
, p.
120 Ae 123.
ThatAos the defenitions of Zakat if we see from Asbabun Nuzul.
However, we know that QurAoan and Hadits are not just in the pure of the ItAos explained in Ushul Fiqh.
is all Hearer and KnowerAy.
(QS.
TAUBAH/ 9: .
If we learn the historical background of that verse.
One of them is explained by Abu Syekh and Ibnu Mandah in book of AuAsh Shahaabah Au.
Both of them are narrated from Ats Tsauri.
Al AAomasy, and Sufyan from Jabir R.
because 6 Rasulullah Saw companions left in Tabuk war.
They Are ( 1 ) Abu Lubaabah, ( 2 ) Aus Bin Khudzdzaam ( 3 ) TsaAo Labah Bin WadiiAoah, ( 4 ) KaAoab Bin Malik .
Mararh Bin RabiAo and ( 6 ) Hilal Bin Umayah.
They feel it was wrong not to join the war with no So Abu Lubaabah.
Aus Bin Khadzdzaam and TsaAolabah Bin WadiiAoah tied themselves and gave their properties.
They promised not to free the bonds except Rasulullah Saw did it.
After Rasulullah SAW come back from Tabuk war they say to Rasulullah Auoh Rasulullah, please receive this property as ransoms that we were absent in Tabuk war without uzurAy.
Rasulullah saw answered AuI will not receive your properties and free your bounds before the new war come Au.
So this verse fell down and Hadits transmission of this Hadits is That incident was happened in 2 H.
Based on the information, before it was sent.
Islam had not taught SyariAoatu Zakat.
Moslem societies had not known what Zakat was.
In other words.
Surat at Taubah: 103 is the first verse commending zakat.
Therefore, it is always called as zakat verse.
If we focus to that historical background of verse, we can conclude that:
Rasulullah SAW are commanded to take zakat as parts of properties submitted by Abu Lubaabah.
Aus Bin Khadzdzaam And TsaAolabah Bin WadiiAoah.
Zakat is just functioned as self cleaning and self purifying for those who did not to follow the war without uzur.
As Zakat receiver.
Rasulullah SAW is commanded to give a prayer to zakat payers.
That duAoa functions as calms and soothes to Zakat payer.
Allah SWT hears and knows zakat payer and receiver of zakat.
AE IOI EEA E AOA EA
The meaning :AuThe lessons .
rom verse and hadits ) is taken from his global word, not from particular causeAu.
In this article.
IAod like to research Mangrove Crabs.
The main topic is for the zakat at tijarah.
we all know Mangrove Crab (Scylla Serrat.
or Mud Crab is one of natural recourses that is very important for the economic value.
The usages of these commodities are increasing, for consumption in the country and abroad.
In the country, they are marketed in traditional market, supermarket, restaurant, hotel, cottage, or even in international place.
IndonesiaAos mangrove crab are exported to Japan.
Hongkong.
Singapore.
South Corea.
Australia.
Taiwan.
Malaysia.
France.
United State of America etc.
Tanjungbalai entrepreneurs of crab trading.
They sold it to societies, internal factories such as PTP.
PSI.
KML These entrepreneurs sell it to abroad countries Abdur Rahim,5 has an enterprise named UD SULTHAN.
He has 25 employees in small enterprises, 70 employees in big enterprises, and 5 employees in bigger enterprises.
These enterprises use crab rajungan to be processed.
The workers remove crab meat from hard skin after being Then it is canned.
They can produce 300 kg meats or 300 canned tins per day.
1 kg meat fits 1 canned tin.
It costs Rp.
In a month, it can produce 900 canned crabs.
He always gets 30 millions in a month as the profit.
In a year he gets 360 millions.
His enterprise has strong cooperation with PT Toba industry.
Medan.
The canned tin are sent to this company.
From this cooperation, the canned tins are exported to Asia.
Afrika.
Europe, and America.
He said that he knew about Zakat of animals, and He realized that there is no zakat from his crab However He paid zakat every year from the interest See generally Syahnan.
Mhd.
AuModern QurAoanic Exegesis and Commercial Contracts: A Comparative Study of Rashid RidhaAos and Sayyid QutbAos Interpretation of Some Riba Verses.
Ay Jurnal Miqot, (Nov-Dec, 1.
: 15-23.
Interview with Abdur Rahim .
rab trade.
on Friday 05.
00 Pm in his home place.
Bagan Asahan Tanjungbalai Asahan.
He is an entrepreneur age 46.
He was born in 1974.
Muhhamad Muhsin Khan and Muhammad Taqiuddin Alhilali, the Noble QurAoan (Alhuda: Depo.
See also Mhd.
Syahnan.
Contemporary Islamic Legal Discourse (Medan: IAIN Press, 2.
, pp.
Jalaluddin as Suyuti.
Lubaabun Nuquul Fii as Baabin Nuzuul, vol.
1 (Cairo: Darut Taqw.
, p.
Nipan Abdul Halim.
Mengapa Zakat DisyariAoatkan (Bandung: M2s Bandung, 1.
, p.
17 Ae For discussion in a wider context of zakat and results of the crab trading.
He pays by using 2.
from the profits.
In a year the income can reach 360 Therefore.
He pays zakat as much as 9 million from it.
If we see from Fiqh perspective, he has got that Nishab and Haul which obligate him to pay Zakat.
The problem is there is no zakat from the crab.
He said that it is from the trading zakat, not from animal zakat.
The upgrading of this crab marketing is proper, since it is very delicious with high vitamin.
People eat it comfortably.
This is the main reason why having crab trading business brings a lot of Faidol Anwar,7 said that actually society still need guidance in distributing their wealth for They do not know about Zakat.
Moreover, crab is rarely discussed for zakat in wealth.
He said Imam SyafiAoi did not permit crab as Zakat, but in its trading.
He mentioned that we can get an information about it in many classic books which are relevant to Imam SyafiAoi such as in the book of IAoanat At Tholibin.
Whereas Hajarul Aswadi, 8 said that society in Tanjungbalai has not been socialized well about types of Zakat.
Sadly, he also said the entrepreneur is still reluctant to pay Zakat.
He also said Imam Ibnu Hazmin is in school Zhahiriah, which is a simple school.
Imam Ibn Hazmin was also a temperament man.
He did not care if people oppose him.
He wrote many books.
People who did not like his thinking would come to him, and burned those books.
Imam Ibn Hazmin was very angry.
He finally said AuthatAos okay, they burned my books but not my thingking, so I can write it againAy.
After that.
Hajarul Aswadi said that in Imam Ibn Hazmin thinking.
Zakat of Livestock was only For Goat.
Camel, and Cow.
Other is nothing.
also said that Zakat at Tijarah is one of the ways to argue Rasulullah SAW.
Because Rasulullah SAW never pays Zakat at Tijarah.
Talking about crab imam SyafiAoi said there is No zakat for crab in his book, but if there are so many results from it.
It goes to zakat at tijarah of crab and SyafiAoiah recognize it.
Imam SyafiAoi explained that Rasulullah did not take zakat from some of this.
One of them is Horse.
We can see it from this statement of Imam SyafiAoi.
A AEIEI O A,AOEI EI IO II OE OI OE OONA
AOE NEE AEO NEE EON O EI IIN O O I I EO AO EOEA
AACA
The meaning : AuAnd for human, the livestocks from Horse.
Donkeys.
Mules and such things.
Then Rasulullah SAW did not take from them.
He said that horse is not for Ay So, itAos clear that there is no zakat from Horse.
because Rasulullah saw did not take it.
can connect it to crab.
We could not see Rasulullah eat crab, because in Rasulullah Saw place there is no crab at that time.
Imam SyafiAoi make this decision because Rasulullah SAW said in his hadits and written in his Al Umm:
AI EO CE I EAO CE I IEE OI OOIA
AEaENI I NEE I OI I EOII I O I E IA :A CEA- A AEO NEE EON OEIA- AIEE I O NO I OE NEEA
AAEO EO EIEI AO N OE AO AN ACA
The meaning : RabiAo reported us said.
SyafiAoi reported us said.
Malik and Ibn AoUyaynah reported us said, from AoAbdillah bin Dinar from Sulaiman bin Yasar bin AoIrak bin Malik from Abu Hurairah that Rasulullah SAW said : AuThere is no an obligation for Moslem in his Servants and for his Horse to give a zakatAy.
Crab is one of livestocks in Indonesia.
can survive them, gain a lot money.
Sophisticated technologies make it possible to develop and promote this animal.
However, crab is not in type of obligation.
Camel.
Cow, and Goat are the livestocks to input.
We can see this from Imam SyafiAoi explanation in Al Umm.
A AaE E AO OE IAN OE AO O AO EIOA: )A(CE EAOA A AEO NEE EONA- A OEII EE I OE NEEAUA OECAUA uEEA - A AEO NEE EON OEIA- A OE AC AO EOE AuI EI IEINA- AOEIA A OEIIAUA OECAUA EAC AO O II EIO O uEEA The meaning: Imam SyafiAoI said: AuThere is no Zakat in Horse by itself and no one from Ghufran Kordi.
Budidaya Kepiting Bakau (Semarang: Aneka Ilm.
, p.
Interview with Faidol Anwar on 01 March 2020 10 Am.
in his home place.
Teluk Nibung Tanjunbalai.
He is one of DaiAo who knows about Imam SyafiAoi and he is SyafiAoiah.
He is one of employee in religion minister, and one of chairman of BAZNAS in Tanjungbalai.
Interview with Hajarul Aswadi on Sunday 01 March 2020, at 08.
10 Am.
in his homeplace.
Datuk Bandar Tanjungbalai.
He is a Chairman of Fatwa MUI Tanjungbalai, and He knows a lot about Imam Ibn Hazmin.
Muhammad Bin Idris Asy-SyafiAoi.
Al Umm, vol.
2 (Beirut: Darul MaAorifa.
, p.
Further discussion on Asy-SyafiAos legal theory see Imam SyafiAoi.
Al Umm, vol.
2, p.
livestock except Camel.
Cow, and Goat with guidance from Rasulullah SAW.
And there is no Zakat in Horse.
We did not know.
never took Zakat as livestock except Camel.
Cow, and GoatAy.
And we can see Imam Ibn Hazmin made same between Servant and Horse with trading ItAos strengthened by Hadits in that book.
AuA AyC AO I AC EOEA:AOIN EON EaEI CEA The meaning: And surely Rasulullah SAW said: AuIndeed.
I have removed Horse as ZakatAu.
So.
In Imam SyafiAoi points of view there are Tithe obligation only for Goat.
Cow, and Camel.
There is no tithe for animals except the above such as Horse.
Crab.
Antelope.
Cat.
Fly.
Spider.
Crocodile.
Elephant.
Snake, etc.
If those animals are sold .
or obligation tithe animal, and non obligatio.
, the trading results is a Tithe.
They are called as Zakat Tijarah or Trading Tithe.
It is only because of the trading, not the type.
If we compare, it is opposite of Imam Ibn Hazmin (Mazhab Zhahir.
He didnAot admit the zakat at Tijarah.
Imam Ibn Hazmin one of Zhahiriah said in his book that zakat at tijarah is made as an obligation.
ItAos opposite of what Rasulullah SAW said.
Written in book11 So it is clear, whatever we make as trading and buying intention, they are rejected by Imam Ibn Hazmin to be produced as Zakat, for example this crab trading.
RESEARCH METHODS
Research is a process to find a new It will be very useful for college students to increase their knowledge.
Society needs the research outcome more than the lectures do.
Knowledge will be beneficial if it is applied in life bringing positive impacts to people and surrounding anvironment.
Research needs methods to accomplish.
There are 2 steps of researching, they are Field Reseach and Library Reseach.
Both steps are used for this research.
Field Research is done to get the data by observing, interviewing, and discussing.
And Library Research is done by getting the information from books, journals, magazines, etc.
AAII O E AO O E AuIN OON AO EE I IAOA AIN EON EaEI EE II EIA The meaning: AuPeople make zakat tijarah as obligation, they obligate every things removed Zakat from it, from what Rasulullah explained usAu.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Zakat And Tijarah In Fiqh Perspective ThatAos one of explanations from Ibn Hazmin (Zhahiria.
Indeed it must be logic, a bit consistent, and has a collaboration with other Hadits saying that if Rasulullah SAW says A in this case for example, itAos impossible for the contrary meaning with other hadits or in other words say B.
Zakat Definition Zakat in Bahasa means NamaAo means prosperity.
Thaharah means purity.
Barakah means blessed, and Tazkiyah.
Tathhier mean clean.
SyaraAo uses both (Tazkiyah and Tathhier to this meanin.
Firstly, zakat is expected to bring fertilities.
Secondly, itAos a statement to declare that the soul is clean from stingy and sin.
Zakat According To SyaraAo Imam Al Mawardi said in his book Al Hawi UA OE ANAUA NA:AOA IN EON EaEI AyEO EO EIEI AOA AuAACA The meaning: AuImam Ibn Hazmin corrected.
Rasulullah SAW said AuThere is no Zakat
obligation for Moslem in his servant, and his
HorseAy AEE I E IAOA II IE IAOA EO Oa
AIAOA EA IAOAA
The meaning: AuZakat is a name to take something certainly, from certain wealth, on certain characteristics, for certain group.
Zakat according to some terminologies in Quran Zakat Shadaqah Haq It means according to Imam Ibn Hazmin as textual Mazhab, it must be same as Servant and Horse.
The point of view is those are in trading too.
At that time.
Servant or in other word human is Of course we will see many mistakes because it is not fair and opposite with human right but itAos a fact.
Ibn Hazmin.
Muhalla Bil Atsar, vol.
4 (Beirut:
Darul Fikr.
, p.
Sugiono.
Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Dan Kualitatif (Bandung: Al fabet.
, p.
Number Nafaqah AoAfuw The terminologies of Zakat are used in some words, however the information which spreads at the society about word of Zakat is only for Shadaqah Wajibah, and the word of Shadaqah is only for Shadaqah Sunnah.
Kinds of Zakat in Fiqh Persfective Zakat consists of 6 types.
Zakat of Livestock.
Zakat of Agriculture.
Zakat of Gold and Silver.
Zakat of Trading.
Zakat of Rikaz and Mine, and Zakat Alfitrah.
Zakat of Livestock ItAos obligated for independent Moslem .
ot a slav.
though he is not adult yet.
ThatAos why, little child and even crazy man are obligated.
The followings are the details from the eligibility The livestock must consist of Camel.
Cow, and Goat (Shee.
There is no Zakat from Horse.
Baghal.
Donkey, and the animal born from Antelope and Sheep.
The livestock must be shepherded in a wild ThereAos no Zakat from fed, and fed shepherded livestock.
Full of a year .
ounted from first day doing the If the livestock bore during the year, it follows its mom Haul.
Next, if itAos sold or granted .
s Hiba.
in the middle of Haul, the Haul cut off, and there will be no Zakat on it.
Rasulullah saw said 4 Goats Or 4 Sheeps 25 Ae 35 36 Ae 45 46 Ae 60 1 Camel / 1 Makhoodh 1 Camel / 1 Bintu Labuun 1 Camel / 1 Hiqooh 61 Ae 75 1 Camel / 1 JidzAoah 76 Ae 90 91 Ae 120 2 Camels / 2 Bintu Labuun 2 Camels / 2 Hiqooh 121 - A.
Zakat Age 1 Goat Or 1 Sheep 2 years 1 year 2 years 1 year 2 years 10 Ae 14 2 Goats Or 2 Sheeps 15 Ae 19 3 Goats Or 3 Sheeps 3 Camels / 3 Bintu Labuun Age 1 year 2 years 1 year 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 2 years 3 years 2 years TABLE.
2 The followings are the lists of Cow and its Zakat Number Zakat Age Amount (From Ae Unti.
30 Ae 39 1 Cow / 1 TabiiAo 40 Ae 59 1 Cow / 1 Musinnah 60 Ae 69 2 Cows / 2 TabiiAo 1 year 2 years 1 year 70 Ae 79 2 Cows / 1 Musinnah And 1 TabiiAo TABLE 3.
The followings are the lists of Goat and its Zakat16
A"E E AO IE O OOE EON EOEA
The meaning: AuThere is no Zakat from wealth until It arrives a yearAy Owned perfectly.
Full of Nishab, itAos a minimum counting to take Zakat.
TABLE 1.
The followings are the lists of Camel and its Zakat.
Amount (From Ae Unti.
5Ae9 Zakat 20 Ae 24 Number Number Amount (From Ae Unti.
Muhammad Hasbi Ash Shiddieqy.
Pedoman Zakat (Semarang: Pustaka Rizki Putra, 1.
, p.
Rich Man.
Is Someone Has More From What He Needs In Daily.
Rich Is One Of Eligibility In Zakat.
Abu Hamid Muhammad Al-Ghazali.
Asrar Ash Shoum Wa Asrar Az Zakat.
Rahasia Puasa Dan Zakat.
Amount (From Ae Unti.
40 Ae 120 Zakat Age 1 Female Goat Or 1 Female Sheep 2 years 1 year 2 years 1 year 2 years 1 year 2 years 1 year 2 years 1 year 121 Ae 200 2 Female Goats Or 2 Female Sheeps 201 Ae 300 3 Female Goats Or 3 Female Goats 301 Ae 400 4 Female Goats Or 4 Female Goats 401 Ae 500 4 Female Goats Or 4 Female Goats translator: Muhammad Al Baqir (Bandung: Karisma, 1.
, p.
50 Ae 51.
Abdullah Ath-Thoyyar.
Kaifa Tuzakki Amwalak.
Mari Berzakat, translator: Basalamah (Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, 1.
, p.
27 Ae 31.
It is forbidden to take Zakat from ill livestock although parts of them are healthy.
ItAos supposed to take Zakat from Standard of the livestock, not the best not the worst.
nishab is 20 Mitsqal (Dina.
= 70g.
Silver Nishab is 200 Dirham = 460 g.
Sulaiman Rasyid in his book.
Fiqh Islam, gold nishab is 93,6 g.
and silver nishab is 624 g.
Many fuqaha said, gold nishab is 85g.
gold, and silver nishab is 595g.
For example: Savings Rp.
000, cash Rp 3.
Gold 100 gr.
(Rp 80.
Diamond (Rp 23.
Debt Rp.
000 cash balance 110.
So, its zakat is 2.
5 % x Rp 110.
000 = Rp.
Calculating is done in every year at same month.
Zakat of Agriculture (Plants and Fruit.
Allah SWT gives enjoyment to human in some types of unpredictable enjoyments.
It is from self .
ody and persona.
Allah SWT makes his creatures .
nimal and plant.
complement to human life.
Those are commanded respectful to One of his enjoyment is an earth thatAos used for cultivating life sources, as a medium to get fortune, and as life directness.
Some fuqaha have different opinions in determining kinds of plants and fruits on Zakat.
They pay Zakat because of its duty or AoIllat .
elating with certain motive.
After seeking of agreement there are 4 obligatory plants and fruits.
They are Hinthoh (Whea.
SyaAoiir .
uch rice plan.
Zabiib (Raisi.
, and Tamrun (Date pal.
IjmaAo Ulama said wajib, however some ulama obligate other plants beside them.
The difference is because of Aoillat .
bout motive and SyarAoi reaso.
Nishob.
Haul, and Standard in Paying Zakat Of Agriculture (Plants and Fruit.
Nishob According to Hadits, the Nishab Is more than 5 awsuq.
Underneath it is not duty.
According to al Muhiith dictionary.
In 1 wusuq = 60 shoAo, so 5 awsuq = 300 shoAo.
In other page explained 1 shoAo = 4 mudd .
, so in 300 shoAo = 1200 mudd .
In 1 shoAo = 2 A kg, so in 300 shoAo x 2 A kg = 675 kg.
this calculating is applied to Hinthoh .
Zabiib .
, and Tamrun .
ate pal.
The timing in putting outside of this Zakat when the plant Fruits seem ripen and when its seed Next it is dried and spreaded to legal There is no Haul in one year.
This is one of peculiarity of agriculture Zakat.
ThatAos because it is planted by Allah SWT.
Zakat of Trading Standard of this Zakat is 2.
5 %.
For example someone has trading commodity with one million Rupiahs commercial value.
So he puts outside his Zakat 2.
5 % x Rp 1.
000 = Rp 25.
Some traders do transaction with non constant thing during year .
or example notions, clothes, daily nee.
The transaction must be written and calculated in detail to be input in the first haul.
After that, it is calculated totally in the final haul.
The last pay Zakat is 2.
5 %.
Firstly haul is counted since the trader own money to pay the tribute for trading, if the money reaches the Nishab.
If it is less than Nishab or he buys something with trading intention so its counting is firstly bought.
For example, a Corporation closed book in January 2002 with financial condition: 10 cup boards havenAot been sold = Rp.
Cash money Rp.
Debt Rp.
000, tax Rp.
Totally Rp.
So, the Zakat 2.
5% X
Rp.
000 = Rp.
Zakat of Rikaz and Mine Treasure found in gold and silver must be paid for the Zakat amount a fifth .
There is no Haul here.
It is like bounty (Ghanimah treasure.
so there is no Nishab.
In other opinions, it is like zakat of gold and silver.
Therefore, that regulation is 20 % or 1/5 from treasures.
Definition of mine is all things come outside from womb of earth or its surface and buried since yore, for example Gold and Silver.
Nishab.
Haul and standard equal with Rikaz one.
Allah SWT says QS 2: 267 Zakat of Gold and Silver Nishab.
Haul, and Standard in Paying Zakat of Gold and Silver.
Imam Nawawi said that Silver Nishob is 5 Uuqiyah which is equal to 200 Dirham according to Hadits and Ijmak.
Gold Nishab is 20 Mitsqal, and other things by IjmaAo.
There are differences in Nishob Syaikh Abu Bakar Al Jazaairiy in his book Al Jumal Fi Zakaatul AoAmal said gold Maratua Simanjuntak.
Menghitung Zakat Sendiri, p.
Maratua Simanjuntak.
Menghitung Zakat Sendiri, p.
Maratua Sendiri, p.
Simanjuntak.
Menghitung Zakat Other definition which is mentioned by Malikiyah.
SyafiAoiah, and Hanabilah, according to them Tijarah.
AI E EIE EIE IEOE OIEEA
The Meaning: Auchanging treasure each other via possession and ownership transfer Ay So, the different with Hanafiyyah is stretching in possession transfer.
There are such thing we must differentiate like renting.
23 One of the ways for us is to get many treasures by trading or doing tijarah.
Actually Rasulullah SAW preferred his Ummat needy because he worried his Ummat would be luxurious and forget the obligation in Shadaqah and Zakat.
The treasure will make them stingy and get sins.
The secret of rich is not in treasure oriented, but it is in psychological oriented.
In other word, it is about the characteristic glories.
For example, helping others, doing social action, etc.
If we can do it, it will be better and get the benefit for human and So trading is the best way to get treasures.
This following Allah SWT says about Hukum of this Muamalah a caAEa aE OaCaO aIOIa au acE aE aI OaCaO aI EacaO Oa a aA a A eOA ca ANa EA AIa aI aIA a aAEacaOIa Oa e aEEaOIA a cao a AeEIA acEEa eEa eO a aO a ac aI Ea A ca AEa e aO a a acEA a A aEaEa aaIac aN eI CaEaO auIac aI eE a eO a aIe aEA AacEE aO aI eIA a en ca AA aO a eI aNa auEaOA a a aII a aN a aI eO aaU aII ac a aN AaI a aN aO AaEaNa aIA a aAEA )u( aA aN eI AaO aN a aE aOIA a AA aA e a Aa aO aEaaEa A aen caA EIA The meaning: AuThose who eat Riba .
will not stand .
n the day of resurrectio.
except like standing of a person beaten by Shaitan (Sata.
leading him to insanity.
That is because they say: Autrading is only like Riba .
Auwhereas Allah has permitted trading and forbidden Riba .
So whosoever receives an admonition from his Lord and stops eating Riba .
shall not be punished for the past, his case is for Allah .
o judg.
, but whoever returns .
o Riba .
), such are the dwellers of the fire Ae they will abide 25 (QS.
Al Baqarah/2: .
From hadits rasulullah saw said
)AuII EO (ON EONCOA
The Meaning: AuTrading is on willing each Ay
Zakat Fitrah
Information about this zakat we can find in Hadits A aacaIaAUA sIA
ca acaIa Oae OaO eIa aI a acI a aeI EA
a A aacaIa aI a acIa eIa a eNAUAE aaIA
AOA
a A aI aeIA
a A aI a aA
a UA eI aO aNA
a UA eI a aI a aeI Ia sA
a UAua e aI aO aE eIa a eA saA
a AA
e AEac aI a Ea a E a ca AO aEA
A aA
a A aA
a AEa eO aN aOA
a a AAEacO NEEA
a acEEA
a A Aa aA:aA CaEAUA eI aN aIA
a acEEA
A aOEacE aUAEaO Ea e a aOE a aA
AIA
AIA
a AOA
AaIA
AIA
AIA
a a AOA A aO a aI a a aN a eI a a acO Ca e aEAU aAO aIIa E aI e aE aIOIA ca A aOEAUAaOE a eIaOA a AO aOE aE aA a AA aA )aEa a (ON AO EOA ca A auEaO EA a caAO EIA a Aa aA The meaning: AuYahya bin Muhammad bin Sakan narrated us.
Muhammad bin Jahdham narrated us.
IsmaAoil bin JaAofar narrated us, from AoUmar bin NafiAo, from his father, from Ibn AoUmar RA.
He Said Rasulullah SAW obligates Zakat Al Fithri 1 ShaAo from Date, 1 ShaAo from Wheat Flour on Slave man and free man, on man or wowan, on young and adult Muslims, and Rasulullah SAW commanded to pay it before people go out for Shalat21.
Ay (HR.
Shahih Al Bukhar.
In that Hadits we can get information that ItAos legal according to Rasulullah SAW explaining as much as one ShaAo .
5 Kg.
from satisfied food, and obligated for all muslims.
From that hadits, we know a muslim put outside Zakat al Fitrah for his families such as wife, husband, son, grandfather etc.
Imam Al Ghazali said that people ought not to think much about what will happen in future.
Allah SWT promises fortune.
Human should believe and understand that worry is from devil.
We know that Satan task is making human go to hell as many as possible, and forget Allah SWT, far from Amar MaAoruf Nahi Munkar.
One of cases, we pay Shadaqah in way of Allah SWT doubtfully.
Tijarah In Fiqh Persfective ItAos from A Ae OOAmeans sell.
Sometimes itAos translated as A O Ae OOAmeans buy.
terminology, there are many definitions about it.
According to ulama Fiqh, the substance and essence are same.
One of them Ulama Hanafiyyah said tijarah.
AI E IE IE EO ON IAOAA
The meaning: Auchanging treasure each other via certain wayAy Muhammad Bin IsmaAoil Abu Abdillah Al Bukhori Al-JaAofi.
Shohih Bukhori, vol.
2, p.
Hadits Muhammad Nashiruddin Al-Albani.
Islam Mengentaskan Kemiskinan, (Jakarta: Pustaka Azam, 2.
, p.
See also Mhd.
Syahnan.
AuIslam as a System: A Critical Analysis of Sayyid QuthbAos Principle Thought,Ay in Analytica Islamica, vol.
4 No.
1 (May 2.
, pp.
Yayasan Penyelenggara Penerjemah Alquran.
The Nobel QurAoan, p.
Shalat AoId Al Fithri.
Maratua Simanjuntak et.
Gerakan Sadar Zakat (Medan: BAZDA SU, 2.
, p.
Nasrun Haroen.
Fiqh Muamalah, (Jakarta :
Gaya Media Pratam.
, p.
111 Ae 112.
From that dalil qurAoan and hadits.
Jumhur ulama say tijarah as legal thing.
26 And can be runned in the muslem world.
The Meaning: AuWhoever do Salaf (Sala.
, he does a clear measurement and scale, known period of time.
Ay BaiAo Al IstishnaAo (Purchase by Order or Manufactur.
It is a trading contract between purchaser and goods maker.
In this contract, goods maker accepts errand from buyer.
Then, they effort via others to make or buy thing according to agreed specification and sell it to final purchasers.
Both compromise about payment price and system Wheter via instalment or via agreed time delay.
BaiAo IstishnaAo is a continuing from BaiAo As Salam.
Commonly.
SyariAoah base, dalil Quran and Hadits in BaiAo As Salam is also BaiAo As IstishnaAo.
This type is often used for massive necessities, stocks in trade, business man, wholesaler etc.
All the shapes above can book things in a lot, and it is also legal in Islam.
For example, someone books rare shirts to manufacture in massive amounts, by deciding time, and However, there are rules that must be obeyed after having stocks.
One of them is selling that things as soon as possible, and he must not submit the things till later.
It is limited things in Islam.
It is called as hoarder.
This act is prohibited in Islam.
Kinds of Tijarah in Fiqh.
BaAoI Al Murabahah (Deferred Payment Sal.
It is a treasure trading.
The fortune is agreed In this type, seller must inform product budget to purchaser and determine profit.
For example, buyer buys computer from wholesaler for Rp.
000, then he adds profit for Rp.
so, he sells to customer for 10.
Dalil QurAoan Allah SWT says in (QS.
Baqarah/2: .
And Dalil hadits about this The meaning: from Shuaib Ar Rumi RA.
Rasulullah SAW said that Au3 things which on it blessings : Trading by time.
Muqaradhah (Mudharaba.
, and mix wheat flour with powder for house need, not for saleAy (HR.
Ibn Maja.
From that dalil we can conclude Murabahah is a legal thing to do, that is Islamic action.
must realize that Islamic action can run together with country affair.
Even, it can be managed well and more perfect in Islamic system.
BaiAo As Salam Salaf (In Front Payment Sal.
ItAos a treasure purchasing which is given later, whereas the payment is in front.
Allah SWT says a A UcIO Aa eEaaO oacNA a AOaaOac aN EacaOIa aIIaO aua aaOaIaI aaO seI auEa aO a a sE acIA ca a e aOA.
)( A aEO UIA a sAacEE a a aE aE eaOA The Meaning: AuO you who believe! When you contract a debt for fixed period, write it downa.
, and Allah is the all knower of each and everything.
Ay(QS.
Baqarah/2: .
Dalil Hadits Ibn Abbas narrated that Rasulullah SAW came to Madinah where the citizens do Salaf (Sala.
in fruits for period of time: one, two, three
He said
AII EA AO O AAO EOE IEOI OOI IEOI EO E IEOIA
)A(N EI A
RAJAH ARGUMENT
The writer will discuss about which dalil must be chosen for this journal.
Previous sheets, we have discussed about Crab in Imam SyafiAoi Fiqh and Imam Ibn Hazmin Fiqh.
Agreed that crab is Halal to consume, because it is water habitat Crab can be used as zakat or not in Imam SyafiAoi and Imam Ibn Hazmin.
Finally, we get answer that both of them did not have a clear dalil from qurAoan and hadits, about crab as zakat.
They mentioned it for three animals such as cow, camel, and goat.
Zakat of crab trading in Imam SyafiAoi and imam Ibn Hazmin.
They have different Shalih Fauzan Al-Fauzan.
Jual Beli Dan Riba (Bogor: Attibyan, 2.
, p.
For detailed discussion on this issue see Mhd.
Syahnan.
AuModern QurAoanic Exegesis and Commercial Contracts: A Comparative Study of Rashid RidhaAos and Sayyid QutbAos Interpretation of Some Riba Verses.
Ay Jurnal Miqot, (November-December 1.
: pp.
also his AuLarangan Spekulasi (Ghara.
Dalam Kode Sipil Negara-Negara Arab: Suatu Analisa Sejarah Sosial Ekonomi.
Ay Analytica Islamica.
Vol.
2 No.
2 (Nopember 2.
: pp.
Soepriyo Soeaedy.
Basis Di Mata Kaum Sarungan & Berdasi (Pekalongan: CV Bahagia, 1.
Muhammad SyafiAoi Antonio.
Bank Syariah dari Teori Ke Praktek (Jakarta : Gema Insani Press and Tazkia Cendekia, 2.
, p.
Muhammad Ibrahim Saqrah.
Fitnatul Ummah.
Fitnah Harta, translator: Munir Awod Badjuber, (Jakarta: Darul Falah, 2.
, p.
aA a Ea U acuE a eI O a a A eI aeIA
a Ae AaO eEa aA
a sA eI Ia a A aIacNa Ca aE " EaOA:A aI aA
" a AA
AEA
ANA
a a a a a The meaning: Aureport us RabiAo He said report us SyafiAoi he said report us Sufyan he said narrated us son of AoAjlan from Abi Zidad from Abi AoAmri Ibn Hamas from his father such him report us RabiAo he said report us SyafiAoi he said report us Tsiqah from AoUbaidillah bin AoUmar from NafiAo from Ibn AoUmar: surely He said AuThere is no in trading a Zakat except He wants it as trading in intentionAu.
How many affairs can make many differences from Aoumar and his son story? For example, in Mazhab Imam Malik about explanation in zakat of profession, in mazhab hanafi about law of zakat slave.
And others so many affairs.
ThatAos one of opinion explanation from Ibn Hazmin (Zhahiria.
He only receives from Rasulullah SAW.
Indeed, it must be humble logic, and a bit consistent.
Other imam such as Imam SyafiAoi.
Imam Malik, and Imam Hanafi follow this khobar.
Even there is a hadits explained that muslim must follow rasulullah saw and his khulafa ar rasyidin who is given hidayah.
Rasululullah SAW said
A OuaC I uNOIAUA Ia uIaOE I I IIAOAUA Ia EII I INO I IaOO I AaEA:A CaEAUAEOCA
A INAUA I EII I IO EEIOAUAI I I OA
A OIa OE NEE AEO NEE EONA:A OCOEAUAI Ea I aOA aA OA:aA ACEIAUA OOE IINa ECEOAUAOEI IO A IINa EOOIA A ACA:A AIa N uEOIa CaEAUA uI NN EIO IOAUAOE NEEA UA E OO INa O uE NaEEAUaAEEI EO EOa EOENa EINaNA UA AEOEI Ia AI II IOAUAII O IIEI AOO EAa EOA A OEOEIAUA O EONa aEIOAUAOI EEAa EOI EINOOIA A OIa COAUA AuIIa Ei EaEIE EIAAUaA OuI OAUAaEaA A31AICaA The meaning: ismaAoil bin bisyr bin mashur and ishaq bin Ibrahim as sawwaq, both of them said: Aoabdu Rahman bin mahdi reported us from muAoawiyah bin shalih from dhomrah bin habib, from Aoabdu Rahman bin Aoamru as sulami, indeed he heard Aoirbadl bin sariyah said, rasululullah saw give us advice which make our tears flew down, and make heart tremble, so we said: o rasulullah, indeed this is a discord advice, so what shall you will to us? rasulullah said : AuI live you a bright guide, its night such noon.
No body turn after me except he will destroy.
Whoever from you live, he will see many So, you obligate to head Imam SyafiAoi agreed, while Imam Ibn Hazmin didnAot.
So we will take
munaqasah adillah because of the The following are the dalils to make them different aAEa eO aIIA
a A aacaIaAU aA aacaIa Oae OaO eIa aacIAU aA eAOaIA
a acaIa aI a acIa eIa a aOa aeIA
A aacaIaOAUAA
s aA aI a a aeI a eIA
a A e a aeIA
a aA aacaIa a eA aa eIAUaAO aaO a aOA
a AeIa aIOA
aAeIA
A A a acIA:aA CaEAUAA
AIA
AeIA
AIA
AIA
UaAIA
AIA
AOA
AEA
ANA
AOA
AIA
AIA
AOA
AEA
Ae A aAIA
a aOA
a a a a aa a ca
AEac aI aEIa Oa e aI aIa a eI Ia e a aA
AOA
ANA
AOA
AEA
ANEEA
AOA
AEA
a AacEEA
AEA
AOA
AIA
AuA a a a a a a a a a a a a Ua eA )aCaa aI aI EacaO Ia aac aE eEaO ae (ON O OA ca AEA The Meaning: AuMuhammad bin Daud bin Sufyan narrated us.
Yahya bin Hassan narrated us.
Sulaiman bin Musa Abu Daud narrated us.
JaAofar bin SaAod Samurah bin Jundub narrated us.
Khubaib bin Sulaiman narrated me, from his father Sulaiman, from Samurah bin Jundub, he said: AuAmma baAod, indeed Rasulullah SAW ordered all of us to pay Zakat for every commodities which are prepared for trading.
Ay(HR.
Abu Dau.
Imam Ibn Hazmin commented this as cut off hadits because from the narrator sulaiman bin musa to samurah they are unknown.
If we see this as hadits shahih, it is from abu daud book.
There are also three imam used this such Imam Hanafi.
Maliki, and SyafiAoi.
Next dalil is from khobar, the source is from Umar Bin Khattab, and from Ibn Umar Bin Khattab.
ca AE aO a Ca aE a ea aIa EA
AOa eOIaa Ca aEA
a aA eAOaIa eIA
a AO Ca aE a ea aIaA
ca )A( a ea aIaA
ca a aA
ca A e aA
A eI aO aeIA
a A eI a aOA
a aAEa aIA
a AacEEa aeI a aOA
a A eIA
a A aO sA
a acaIa Oae OaO eIA
aA a acI aaN a CAUAA
- aA eINA
AacEEA
AOA
AEA
AeIA
AIA
AIA
:a AEA
s Aa aIA
a a a a aa a a a a a " AA
AIA
AOA
AaEA
a AEA
a AaOA
AEA
AIA
AEA
ACA
a AA
ANA
AEA
AIA
AIA
AOA
ACA
AIA
AOA
eAA a a aAEA a aa a a a a a AaOA a a ca AEO eN aO aO aNa AaOA a AO E aIe aIIaOIa aI aEOA a AO ae aN a aN E aOA a A Oa aIA:aCa eEA Aa aNA a A e aN aOeIa Oaa eO aN A a aA a A e " Ca aE Aa aOA a a A " Ea aI UE AA:aAeECa a a AaCaEA ca AEEa a Aa aa aI eI aNA ca A AaO aNA e a aO aaNa Cae aO aA a AEEaA The meaning: Report us RabiAo said report us SyafiAoi said report us said report us Sufyan Bin AoUyaynah said narrated us Yahya bin SaAoid from AoAbdillah bin Abi Salamah from Abi AoAmri bin Hamas, indeed his father said AuI walk with AoUmar bin Khattab and in my head there is skin I brought.
AoUmar said Auwhy donAot you give the Zakat o Hamas?Ay I answer I donAot have except that I bring, and tanning skin.
Umar said AuthatAos a wealth so put it !Au he put it between his hand and count it, so He get that it obligate Zakat and Umar take zakat from it.
ca AE aO a Ca aE a ea aIa EA
aA eAOaIa Ca aE aacaIa eIA
a AO Ca aE a ea aIaA
ca )A( a ea aIaA
ca a aA
A eI a aO aN aIeEaNa a ea aIaA
AIA
AeIA
AOA
AIA
AOA
AIA
a AIA
AEA
AOA
a s a a a a e a a a a a a A eIA a aAe aEIA ca ca Aa eO aA A aI aA a AacEEa aeIA a AIA a AO C aE a aIaA ca a AECA ca AE aO a Ca aE a aIa EAa aA Ibn Majah Abu AoAbdillah Muhammad.
Sunan Ibn Majah, vol.
1 (Daru Ihya Kitab AoArabiyya.
, p.
Abu Daud Sulaiman Bin Al-AsyAoats.
Sunan Abu Daud,vol.
2, p.
Hadits 1562.
toward with you know from my sunnah, amd sunnah khulafa ar rasydin al mahdiyyin, bite the sunnahs with teeth.
You must be obedient even to habasyi slave.
Mukmin is such a tame ostrich.
Wherever he binded we will follow it.
In this case, writer chose the opinion of Imam SyafiAoI as munaqasah because there is a command from Rasulullah SAW so that his companion and his Ummat followed him and so did his Khulafa Ar Rasyidin Al Mahdiyyin.
CONCLUSION
Crab in Imam SyafiAoi Fiqh and Imam Ibn Hazmin Fiqh agreed that crab is halal to consume, because it is water habitat Crab can be used as zakat or not in Imam SyafiAoi and Imam Ibn Hazmin.
Finally, we get answer that both of them did not have a clear dalil from qurAoan and hadits about crab as zakat.
They mentioned it for three such as Cow.
Camel, and Goat.
Zakat of crab trading in Imam SyafiAoi and Imam Ibn Hazmin have different opinion about this perceptions.
Imam SyafiAoi agreed while Imam Ibn Hazmin didnAot.
If we see from the dalil, we will find Imam SyafiAoi has large dalil.
He used Quran.
Sunnah, and Sunnah Khulafa Ar Rasyidin.
It is different from Imam Ibn Hazmin.
His thinking and Dalil are not as large as him.
He only used Quran and Hadits.
He didnAot quote others except both.
The Arjah argument in this zakat of crab trading, according to Imam Asy SyafiAoi and Imam Ibn Hazm .
case study of Tanjungbalai Asaha.
is the opinion of Imam SyafiAoi who permits zakat of crab trading, because the dalil is clear, and large enough not like Imam Ibn Hazmin.
The other point is the opinion of Imam SyafiAoi is that there is a command from Rasulullah so that his companion and his Ummat followed him and his Khulafa Ar Rasyidin Al Mahdiyyin.
So, it is relevant to society in Tanjungbalai Asahan.