http://doi.
org/10.
21093/mj.
Mazahib.
Vol 23.
No.
Pp.
https://journal.
id/index.
php/mazahib/index P-ISSN: 1829-9067 | E-ISSN: 2460-6588 Decision-Making in Family Planning: Women.
Planned Children and Contraceptive Methods in Muslim Family Nurhayati1.
Fitri Hayati2.
Putra Apriadi Siregar*3.
Reni Ria Armayani Hasibuan4.
Jufri Naldo5.
Ismail Lutfi Japakiya6.
Hazrul Affendi7 1,2,3,4,5 Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara 6 Fatoni University.
Thailand 7 Kolej Islam Teknologi Antar Bangsa.
Malaysia.
Abstract Family planning programmes are not optimal for Muslim this is inseparable from the view that contraception is controversial in Islamic teachings.
This study aims to examine the influence of the ideal number of children, the role of husbands, the desired last child, and the type of contraception in Muslim women of childbearing age from the perspective of Islam and health.
This study used data from the 2017 IDHS in Aceh.
West Sumatra.
Riau.
West Java.
Central Java, and East Java on 5797 Muslim women from January to December The results of this study showed a significant association between the ideal number of boys .
<0.
PR =
, number of daughters .
<0.
PR = 1.
, husbands who decide .
=0.
, and contraceptive types .
<0.
PR =
with family planning use.
The family planning use is influenced by factors such as gender preference, joint decision-making, and the type of contraceptive used.
Modern contraceptives are more effective and reliable, suggesting a trend toward modern methods for family planning.
Keywords:
Contraceptive.
Family Planning.
Husband.
Muslim Women * Corresponding Author.
E-mail: putraapriadisiregar@uinsu.
668 | Mazahib Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam.
Vol 23 No.
Introduction Developing nations should implement birth control measures to combat the threat of overpopulation due to a lack of resources.
1 Population growth is inevitable in both Muslim and Western countries.
The family planning program is a strategic approach designed to address population growth and ensure sustainable development.
The family planning programme that controls the number of children is a programme that is opposed by some Muslims, even though Muslims need a large population to face the times .
ar, science, and technolog.
The rejection of family planning programmes continues in various Islamic countries or countries with a majority Muslim The First Malaysia Plan and subsequent national development plans drastically increased the Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR).
However.
CPR has stagnated due to a shift in policy interest from Family Planning (FP) to family development and reproductive health.
3 This condition has 1 Saima Waheed.
AuIslam and Myths about Family Planing: The Impact of Greenstar Media Advertisement Campaign on the Mindset of the Rural Dwellers of Pakistan,Ay Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization (JITC) .
333Ae45, https://doi.
org/https://doi.
org/10.
32350/jitc.
2 Ibnu Irawan.
AuArgumentasi Keluarga Berencana Dalam Hukum Islam (Studi Fatwa Syaikh Mahmud Syaltu.
,Ay JAWI 3, no.
: 178Ae 203, https://doi.
org/dx.
org/10.
24042/jw.
3 Tey Nai Peng.
AuTrends in Delayed and Non-Marriage in Peninsular Malaysia,Ay Asian Population Studies 3, no.
: 243Ae61, https://doi.
org/doi.
org/10.
1080/17441730701746391.
Nurhayati, et.
Decision-Making in Family Planning: Women.
PlannedA | 669 led to many contraceptive users opting for less effective traditional methods.
4 Comparatively to other South Asian nations.
Pakistan's CPR increased modestly from 5.
5% in 1969 to 9.
1% in 1985 and then fluctuated around 20% in the 1990s and 2000s before reaching 34% in 2019.
5 The low CPR in Pakistan can be attributed to the strong antifamily planning (FP) sentiment among the conservative Islamic population.
Mahmud Syaltut, a Muslim intellectual who saw the benefits of the family planning programme, then issued a ruling on the permissibility of the family planning 7 However.
Mahmud Syaltut forbade limiting children to a certain number.
Indonesia is one of the most populous countries in the world, with a population of 273,879,750.
This large population will be a double-edged sword for the Indonesian people because, if managed properly, it will be an Keh Yoong Hoo.
AuFactors Associated with Contraceptive Use in Malaysia and Pakistan,Ay Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanitie 31, no.
: 265-281.
https://doi.
org/10.
47836/pjssh.
5 Lavleen Mohan Singh.
AuDeterminants of Modern Contraceptive Use and Unmet Need for Family Planning among the Urban Poor,Ay Journal of Social Sciences 8, no.
: 451-473.
https://doi.
org/doi.
org/10.
4236/jss.
6 Aneel Shahzad.
AuDifferentials in Female Age at Marriage in Pakistan:
Have They Changed or Not?,Ay Nust Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanities 3, no.
: 71-94.
https://doi.
org/doi.
org/10.
51732/njssh.
7 Irawan.
AuArgumentasi Keluarga Berencana Dalam Hukum Islam (Studi Fatwa Syaikh Mahmud Syaltu.
Ay 670 | Mazahib Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam.
Vol 23 No.
Since Indonesian government has introduced the term "family planning, a movement to form a healthy and prosperous family by limiting births.
However, the Indonesian people could not easily accept the implementation of family planning because Indonesia, as a country with the largest adherents of Islam in the world, always makes the Quran and Hadith a way of life.
A marriage aims to maintain the continuity of life for the next generation.
the progress of Islam will depend on the next generation.
Islam favours many quality offspring, both male and female, but behind that.
Islam also makes it easy for every Muslim to regulate their offspring if driven by strong reasons.
Islam is Rahmatan lil 'Alamn .
blessing for all with the rapid advancement of technology and science in the Islamic community.
Islam proposes to stick to the Source of Islamic Law, namely the Qur'an and Hadith.
10 Islamic society is an inseparable part of the it cannot escape from issues concerning the legal Emilia Sari.
AuFamily Planning Perspectives on Ulama Hadith [Keluarga Berencana Perspektif Ulama Hadi.
,Ay Sosial Dan Budaya SyarAoi .
55Ae70, https://doi.
org/10.
15408/sjsbs.
9 Nurhayati.
Fikih Kesehatan: Pengantar Komprehensif, ed.
Azhari Akmal Tarigan (Jakarta: PT.
Kencana, 2.
10 Muhibbuthabry.
AuQanun.
Religious Education.
Religiosity and Sexual Activity among Muslim Youth,Ay HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies 79, no.
: 8020Ae29, https://doi.
org/https://doi.
org/10.
4102/hts.
Nurhayati, et.
Decision-Making in Family Planning: Women.
PlannedA | 671 position of a problem.
11 New issues with legal status clearly and explicitly stated in the Qur'an and Hadith are believed not to cause pros and cons among the Islamic community.
however, issues whose legal status is not yet clear in the two sources of Islamic law are where ijtihAd .
he ulema agreemen.
comes into play to resolve new legal issues.
Family planning is an action that helps individuals or couples limit children, avoid unwanted births, obtain desired births, regulate the interval between pregnancies, and determine the number of children in the family.
Family planning is aimed at controlling and limiting births or efforts to temporarily or permanently prevent pregnancy in connection with certain situations and conditions, both for the family concerned and for the benefit of society and the state.
Family planning issues still often raise differences of opinion among ulemas, where some allow and forbid the types of contraceptives recommended in the family Nurhayati.
AuFuneral Processes During the COVID-19 Pandemic:
Perceptions Among Islamic Religious Leaders in Indonesia,Ay Journal of Religion and Health 60, no.
: 3418Ae33, https://doi.
org/https://doi.
org/10.
1007/s10943-021-01418-z.
12 Lusia Weni.
AuDeterminants of Long-Term Contraceptive Method Selection Among Active Family Planning Acceptors at Pedamaran Health Centre,Ay Contagion : Scientific Periodical of Public Health and Coastal Health 1, no.
: 9Ae16, https://doi.
org/10.
30829/contagion.
13 Al-Fauzi.
AuKeluarga Berencana Perspektif Islam Dalam Bingkai Keindonesiaan,Ay Lentera 3, no.
: 1Ae10.
672 | Mazahib Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam.
Vol 23 No.
planning programme.
14 The views of various ulemas on family planning, namely the first Islamic religion that forbids vasectomies and tubectomy types of contraception because they have permanent properties, but some ulemas allow contraception.
15,16
Some ulemas oppose family planning, citing the Prophet Muhammad's desire to have more Muslims in the In contrast, others view it as a sinful act or an outside concept.
Some adherents believe Islam promotes family planning, while others view it as a sinful act or an outside concept.
The text also explains that some adherents do not use contraceptives because it is not their Muhammad Ancha Sitorus.
AuThe Effect of Media Frequency and Information Exposure About Family Planning on Perceptions of the Ideal Number of Children: An Analysis of 2017 IDHS Data[Pengaruh Frekuensi Media Dan Keterpaparan Informasi Tentang KB Terhadap Persepsi Jumlah Anak Ideal: ,Ay Jurnal Kesehatan 14, no.
: 84Ae94, https://doi.
org/10.
24252/kesehatan.
15 Eva Dyah Pratiwi.
AuAgama Dengan Keikutsertaan Keluarga Berencana (KB) Dan Pemilihan Jenis Alat Kontrasepsi Pada Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS) Di Desa Argomulyo Sedayu Bantul Yogyakarta.
,Ay Jurnal Ners Dan Kebidanan Indonesia 3, no.
1Ae9, https://doi.
org/http://dx.
org/10.
21927/jnki.
Siti Aisyah.
AuIslamic Law Analysis of the Implementation of Family Planning Village (KB) (Case Study in Inrello Village.
Keera District.
Wajo Regenc.
[Analisis Hukum Islam Terhadap Penerapan Kampung Keluarga Berencana (KB) (Studi Kasus Di Desa Inrello Kecamatan Keera ,Ay Mazahibuna 2, no.
: 1Ae10, https://doi.
org/https://doi.
org/10.
24252/mh.
Hemat Shafiqullah.
AuThe Family Planning Conundrum in Afghanistan,Ay Health Promotion International 33, no.
: 311Ae 317, https://doi.
org/doi: 10.
1093/heapro/daw081.
Nurhayati, et.
Decision-Making in Family Planning: Women.
PlannedA | 673 In Malaysia and Pakistan, the prevalence of modern contraception decreased with age at first marriage, while traditional methods increased.
Rural women reported a higher rate of modern contraception use in Malaysia, while urban women were more likely to use a traditional method in Pakistan.
Muslim families today have experienced many changes in family life, including more wives having higher education and working to improve their family finances.
The increasing number of modern contraceptives is one of the factors that encourage the use of family planning Muslims.
Family increase family income and thus reduce the risk of poverty in the family.
The great willingness to have a large family, the perceived health benefits of family planning, and concerns regarding modern contraceptive methods were connected to religious interpretations.
The majority of ulemas stated Hoo.
AuFactors Associated with Contraceptive Use in Malaysia and Pakistan.
Ay 19 Sabawoon Ajmal.
AuFactors Affecting Contraceptive Use and Unmet Need among Currently Married Women in Afghanistan: Further Analysis of the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey,Ay Journal of Global Health Reports 2, no.
: 1Ae14, https://doi.
org/https://doi.
org/10.
29392/joghr.
20 Dea SaAoadah.
AuAnalisis Praktik Keluarga Berencana Pada Wanita Karir Di Kecamatan Cilamaya Kulon Kabupaten Karawang Perspektif Maslahah Mursalah,Ay Journal Riset Hukum Keluarga Islam 1, no.
: 97Ae103, https://doi.
org/https://doi.
org/10.
29313/jrhki.
674 | Mazahib Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam.
Vol 23 No.
that family planning was not prohibited in Islam unless it harmed the body.
Numerous obstacles exist regarding the use of perpetually confronted with obstacles in this context.
22 The decision regarding female contraception depends on the husband and wife's mentality, family members, religion, education, and financial situation, among other factors.
addition, numerous socioeconomic and cultural factors also impact the couple's contraceptive use.
23 It is also preferences, and the number of sons and daughters play an important role in contraceptive utilisation.
24 This study aims to examine the influence of the ideal number of children, the role of husbands, the desired last child, and the type of contraception on the use of contraception in Muslim women of childbearing age from the perspective of Islam and health.
21 Shafiqullah.
AuThe Family Planning Conundrum in Afghanistan.
Ay 22 Md.
Shahidul Islam.
AuDeterminants of Contraceptive Method Choice in Bangladesh: Male Perspectives,Ay South East Asia Journal of Public Health 3, no.
: 50Ae56.
https://doi.
org/https://doi.
org/10.
3329/seajph.
23 Md.
Shahidul Islam.
AuWomen Knowledge.
Attitude.
Approval of Family Planning and Contraceptive Use in Bangladesh,Ay Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 4, no.
: 76Ae82, https://doi.
org/https://doi.
org/10.
32413/pjph.
24 Tasnim Khan.
AuFertility Behaviour of Women and Their Household Characteristics: A Case Study of Punjab.
Pakistan.
,Ay Journal of Human Ecology 30, no.
: 11Ae17, https://doi.
org/https://doi.
org/10.
1080/09709274.
Nurhayati, et.
Decision-Making in Family Planning: Women.
PlannedA | 675 Methodology This study used a cross-sectional design conducted using secondary data from the 2017 Indonesian Health Demographic Survey (IDHS) of women of childbearing age, namely 5797 women of childbearing age from The National Population and Family Planning Agency.
The data will encompass survival or discontinuation of family planning among Muslim women, perceptions of ideal family size, the desired status of the youngest child, and the role of husbands in family planning decisions.
This study uses research data from provinces where most of the population is Muslim, namely Aceh Province.
West Sumatra.
Riau.
West Java.
East Java, and Central Java.
This research was conducted from January 2022 to December 2022.
Measure This study used the Indonesian Health Demographic Survey (IDHS) instrument for women of childbearing age.
The independent variables in this study are the ideal number of boys .
on't have to have a boy, must have a bo.
, the ideal number of daughters .
on't have to have a boy, must have a bo.
, the role of the husband .
usband-wife agreement, husband wants more children, husband wants fewer children, husband does not decide anythin.
, the wanted last child .
anted then, wanted later, wanted no mor.
, the contraceptive type .
odern method, traditional 676 | Mazahib Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam.
Vol 23 No.
, and the type of contraception.
In contrast, the dependent variable is the use of contraception in women of childbearing age .
sing family planning or discontinuing family plannin.
Data Analysis This study will determine the frequency distribution and percentage for each dependent and independent This study will analyze the relationships between independent variables such as how ideal children, wanted last child, and the role of husbands and the dependent variable of family planning usage among Muslim women.
Chi-square analysis will be applied to assess these relationships, while risk analysis, using the prevalence rate (PR), will be conducted to determine the likelihood of family planning usage among Muslim women.
The data in this study will be analyzed using JASP software, version 16.
Contraceptive and Family Planning Issues in Number Table Distribusi Reason Last Discontinuation Frequency Percent Side Effect Health Inconvenient to use Contraceptive in Indonesia Reason of Last Discontinuation Contraceptive Husband Disapproved Contraceptive Fatalistic Religions Nurhayati, et.
Decision-Making in Family Planning: Women.
PlannedA | 677 Reason of Last Discontinuation Contraceptive Using Contraceptive Total Frequency Percent The results of this study indicate that the reasons for the last discontinuation of contraceptives were husband disapproval .
1%), fatalistic religions .
8%), side effects on health .
5%), and inconvenient use .
9%).
Table 2.
Distribution of Contraceptive Type Used by Women of Childbearing Age in Indonesia
Contraceptive Type Used Frequency Percent
Pill
IUD
Injections Male condom Female sterilization Herbal plants Implants Lactational amenorrhea (LAM) Traditional methods Total Male sterilization Periodic abstinence Coitus interruptus/Azl The results showed that the most widely used modern contraceptives were pills .
6%).
IUDs .
6%), and injections .
3%).
Long-term contraception is widely used 678 | Mazahib Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam.
Vol 23 No.
by women of childbearing age, such as female sterilization .
3%).
Traditional Coitus interruptus/Azl .
3%) and periodic abstinence .
6%).
Table 3 Cross-tabulation of Ideal Number of Children.
Husband's Decision on Children.
Contraceptive Type Used with Family Planning Use among Muslim Women in Indonesia Using Family Planning Discontinue d Family Planning Unnecessary to have a boy Must have a boy Variable (N 5.
Total <0.
<0.
Ideal Number of Boys The ideal number of daughters Unnecessary to have a girl Must have Husband's decision on Husband-Wife Agreement Husband wants more children Husband wants fewer children Husband does not decide anything Nurhayati, et.
Decision-Making in Family Planning: Women.
PlannedA | 679 Using Family Planning Discontinue d Family Planning Wanted then Wanted later Wanted no more Modern method Traditional Variable (N 5.
Total Wanted Last Child Contraceptive Type <0.
The results of this study show that families who require sons tend not to use family planning .
4%), and families who do not require sons tend to use family planning .
5%).
There was a significant association between the ideal number of boys and family planning use .
<0.
Families that did not require sons had a 1.
times higher risk of using family planning compared to families that required sons to use family planning.
The results of this study show that families who require daughters tend not to use family planning .
3%),
and families who do not tend to use family planning .
4%).
There was a significant association between the 680 | Mazahib Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam.
Vol 23 No.
ideal number of daughters and family planning use .
<0.
Families that did not require daughters had 289 times the risk of using family planning compared to families that required daughters to use family planning.
The study shows that husbands who make joint decisions with their wives regarding the number of children are more likely to opt for family planning .
1%).
However, wives use family planning .
1%).
There is a significant relationship between husbands who decide the number of children in the family and the use of family planning .
= This study showed that wives who wanted their last child tended to use family planning .
1%), and wives who did not want another child still did not use family planning .
9%).
There was a significant association between the desire for the last child and the use of family planning .
= The results of this study showed that modern contraceptive types tended to use family planning .
5%),
and users who used traditional contraceptives tended to discontinue family planning .
9%).
There was a significant association between the type of family planning and family planning use .
<0.
Modern family planning had a 205 times higher risk of use compared to traditional family planning.
Nurhayati, et.
Decision-Making in Family Planning: Women.
PlannedA | 681 Fiqh.
Contraceptive and Family Planning Discussion Instead Muslims participate in family planning are motivated by health 25 Many Ulemas allow family planning because it is important for maintaining the health of mothers and programmes, and being part of human rights.
Islamic manuscripts do not prohibit contraception, but it is necessary to review the relevant verses of the Holy Qur'an and hadith to understand the issue in a scholarly According to the findings of this study, one of the reasons women of childbearing age do not use family planning is that they believe it is forbidden in Islam .
women of childbearing ag.
Women of reproductive age often avoid contraception due to Islamic teachings and social norms.
This perception, reinforced by fertility values, limits access to reproductive health services.
Despite some Islamic countries promoting family planning, this stance is Pratiwi.
AuAgama Dengan Keikutsertaan Keluarga Berencana (KB) Dan Pemilihan Jenis Alat Kontrasepsi Pada Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS) Di Desa Argomulyo Sedayu Bantul Yogyakarta.
Ay 26 Waheed.
AuIslam and Myths about Family Planing: The Impact of Greenstar Media Advertisement Campaign on the Mindset of the Rural Dwellers of Pakistan.
Ay 682 | Mazahib Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam.
Vol 23 No.
not universally accepted.
27, 28 Children are seen as a gift of God, and it is written in the QurAoan: the beautification of Because all family planning acceptorsAinot just oneAireceive the benefits, the family planning programme has general benefits .
alahah 'Amma.
These benefits concern the welfare of many people, including wives, husbands, children, and the general public.
Furthermore, most importantly, these benefits align with the general principle that husbands and wives using family planning can still channel their biological needs and maintain health and welfare in the household.
Islam has included the concept of human rights in its teachings.
32 Imam al-Ghazali formulated that there Ibnu Irawan.
AuArgumentation of Family Planning in Islamic Law (Fatwa Study of Shaykh Mahmud Syaltu.
,Ay Jawi 3, no.
1Ae15, https://doi.
org/10.
24042/jw.
28 Moazzam Ali.
AuPerceptions of Men on Role of Religious Leaders in Reproductive Health Issues in Rural Pakistan.
,Ay Journal of Biosocial Science 37, no.
: 115-122.
https://doi.
org/10.
1017/S0021932003006473.
29 Waheed.
AuIslam and Myths about Family Planing: The Impact of Greenstar Media Advertisement Campaign on the Mindset of the Rural Dwellers of Pakistan.
Ay 30 SaAoadah.
AuAnalisis Praktik Keluarga Berencana Pada Wanita Karir Di Kecamatan Cilamaya Kulon Kabupaten Karawang Perspektif Maslahah Mursalah.
Ay 31 Muhammad Syukri Albani Nasution.
AuHifz Al-Din (Maintaining Religio.
and Hifz Al-Ummah (Developing National Integratio.
Resistance of Muslim Youth to Non-Muslim Leader Candidates in Election,Ay HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 78, no.
: 1Ae9, https://doi.
org/https://doi.
org/10.
4102/hts.
32 Watni Marpaung.
AuThe Impact of Dharar [Damag.
Maslahat [Benefit.
Religiosity Smoking Behaviour,Ay Nurhayati, et.
Decision-Making in Family Planning: Women.
PlannedA | 683 are five basic rights inherent in humans called al-Kulliyyat al-Khamsah, which include the right to the ability to live .
ifzh al-naf.
, the right to property ownership .
ifzh almA.
, the right to freedom of thought .
ifzh al-aq.
, the right to the continuity of offspring .
ifzh al-nas.
, and the right to freedom of religion .
ifzh al-di.
These five rights are an elaboration of the benefit ideal .
If these five rights are well and properly accommodated, then it means that the public good has been fulfilled.
Conversely, if they are not, let alone none, then there is no benefit to public Al-Ghazali asserted that everything that contains the protection of these five things is a benefit, and everything that negates it is damaged .
, and rejecting damage is a form of realization of the ideal of the benefit.
The results of this study showed that modern contraceptive types tended to use family planning .
5%),
and users who used traditional contraceptives .
l-'azl or Lactational Periodic abstinence, herbal plant.
tended to discontinue family planning .
9%).
There was a significant association between the type of family planning and family planning Contagion :Scientific Periodical of Public Health and Coastal Health 2, 2 .
: 118Ae29, https://doi.
org/http://dx.
org/10.
30829/contagion.
33 Sabrur Rohim.
AuArgumen Program Keluarga Beencana Dalam Islam,Ay Jurnal Ilmu SyariAoah Dan Hukum 2, no.
: 1Ae10, https://doi.
org/https://doi.
org/10.
22515/alahkam.
684 | Mazahib Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam.
Vol 23 No.
<0.
Modern family planning had a 1.
205-times higher risk of use compared to traditional family planning.
Traditional contraception is one of the contraceptives recommended by scholars because it does not prohibit the teachings of Islam and has been used for generations by ulemas such as "al-'azl" (Coitus interruptu.
, lactational Traditional contraception has medical shortcomings as it has very low accuracy in preventing pregnancy, resulting in unwanted From a fiqh perspective, family planning is compared to "al-'azlAy (Coitus interruptu.
, which is the emission of semen outside the vagina.
In ancient times, "al-'azlAy (Coitus interruptu.
was used to prevent pregnancy.
While birth control is also used to prevent pregnancy, the difference is that "al-'azlAy (Coitus interruptu.
is without a tool, while birth control is with tools such as condoms and spirals.
The two are brought together because they want to prevent pregnancy, not terminate it.
Based on this explanation, when discussing family planning, the first thing that must be known is the ruling on "al-'azlAy (Coitus interruptu.
, and if the legal position of "azl" is known, then we only need to equate the ruling.
34 Nurhayati.
Fikih Kesehatan: Pengantar Komprehensif.
35 Mahbub MaAoafi Ramdlan.
AuDasar Hukum KB,Ay islam.
id, 2014, https://islam.
id/bahtsul-masail/dasar-hukum-kb-LCxME.
Nurhayati, et.
Decision-Making in Family Planning: Women.
PlannedA | 685 At the time of the Prophet Muhammad, there was no teaching to follow family planning or prevent pregnancy among Muslims.
There was no serious effort or endeavour to make al-'azl (Coitus interruptu.
a widespread practice and popular action among the people.
Some of the companions of the Prophet Muhammad SAW who did it were no more than emergencies when their circumstances needed it.
The Prophet Muhammad SAW al-'azl .
nterrupted Nowadays, people have invented many tools to prevent and stop pregnancy for the well-being of their families and the nation.
Men have a disproportionate amount of power and influence at household levels, including for contraceptive women-centered approaches to family planning.
37,38 This study showed that 36 Watni Marpaung.
AuReligious Education.
Smoking Laws and Islamic Organisations with Mosque Worshipers Smoking Behaviour,Ay Contagion : Scientific Periodical of Public Health and Coastal Health 4, no.
: 182Ae92, https://doi.
org/http://dx.
org/10.
30829/contagion.
37 Batula Abdi.
AuMuslim MenAos Perceptions and Attitudes on Family Planning: A Qualitative Study in Wajir and Lamu Counties in Kenya,Ay Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters 29, no.
: 1Ae https://doi.
org/https://doi.
org/10.
1080/26410397.
38 Tekou B.
Koffi.
AuEngaging Men in Family Planning: Perspectives From Married Men in Lomy.
Togo,Ay Global Health: Science and Practice 6, no.
: 317Ae29, https://doi.
org/https://doi.
org/10.
9745/GHSP-D-17-00471.
686 | Mazahib Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam.
Vol 23 No.
husbands who determine the number of children together between husband and wife tend to use family planning .
1%), and husbands want fewer children.
However, wives use family planning .
1%).
There is a significant relationship between husbands who decide the number of children in the family and the use of family planning .
= In many cultures, husbands influence family size and family planning, often due to traditional gender roles.
Men's perspectives on contraception can limit women's Gender dynamics in family planning are shaped by social, economic, and religious expectations.
39,40
A woman cannot use contraception without her husband's 41 Women who use contraceptives covertly must make the decision together.
If a woman must use family planning, she must consult with the head of the household .
, as he is ultimately responsible for Muhammad Ancha Sitorus.
AuAnalysis of Preferences for the Ideal Number of Children in North Sumatra Province (IDHS 2017 Secondary Data Analysi.
,Ay Contagion : Scientific Periodical of Public Health and Coastal Health, 2, no.
: 87Ae98, https://doi.
org/10.
30829/contagion.
40 Ali.
AuPerceptions of Men on Role of Religious Leaders in Reproductive Health Issues in Rural Pakistan.
Ay 41 AJ Etokidem.
AuFamily Planning Practices of Rural Community Dwellers in Cross River State.
Nigeria.
,Ay Niger J Clin Pract 20, no.
: 707-715.
, https://doi.
org/10.
4103/njcp.
njcp_193_15.
Nurhayati, et.
Decision-Making in Family Planning: Women.
PlannedA | 687 the family's maintenance, education, and all other requirements at the family level.
Family planning does not aim to limit pregnancy and birth, which is seen as very contrary to the existence and essence of marriage, but only to control the pregnancy and birth of children.
From the perspective of the functions and benefits of family planning that can create benefits and prevent harm, there is no doubt about its permissibility in Islam.
Family planning contains benefits.
where family planning is birth control with efforts to prevent pregnancy temporarily or even forever in certain situations and family planning provides benefits for family planning acceptors and the benefit of society and the Exploring the law with the malahah mursalah method is called istilah, which is a concept in Islamic law thought that makes malahah .
uman need.
, which are not bound .
into a secondary source of law.
concept is better known as al-malahah mursalah or almaalih al-mursalah.
There is a community assumption that having many offspring is a challenge to educate their children to become 42 Council.
AuHusbandAos Approval of Contracepfiw Use in Metropolitan Indonesia : Program Implications.
,Ay Stud Fam Plann.
19, no.
: 162Ae168.
43 SaAoadah.
AuAnalisis Praktik Keluarga Berencana Pada Wanita Karir Di Kecamatan Cilamaya Kulon Kabupaten Karawang Perspektif Maslahah Mursalah.
Ay 688 | Mazahib Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam.
Vol 23 No.
pious and religious children, and they fear poverty if they have many offspring despite Allah having guaranteed the sustenance of every human being.
A wanted pregnancy occurs when a couple wants another child.
45 Unplanned .
Pregnancy is a pregnancy that occurs in a married couple who still wants a child, but the pregnancy occurs earlier than planned.
Meanwhile, unwanted pregnancy is a pregnancy that occurs in a married couple who no longer wants a child.
This study showed that wives who wanted their last child tended to use family planning .
1%), and wives who did not want another child still did not use family planning .
9%).
There was a significant association between the desire for the last child and the use of family planning .
= Aisyah.
AuIslamic Law Analysis of the Implementation of Family Planning Village (KB) (Case Study in Inrello Village.
Keera District.
Wajo Regenc.
[Analisis Hukum Islam Terhadap Penerapan Kampung Keluarga Berencana (KB) (Studi Kasus Di Desa Inrello Kecamatan Keera .
Ay 45 Kirana Anggraini.
AuFaktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kehamilan Tidak Diinginkan Di Indonesia,Ay PROMOTIF: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 8, no.
: 27Ae37, https://doi.
org/https://doi.
org/10.
56338/pjkm.
46 S.
Arsyad.
Nurhayati, and M.
B Raharja.
AuFaktor Yang Berkaitan Dengan Kehamilan Tidak Diinginkan Di Indonesia.
Analisis Data Sekunder Hasil Survei Demografi Dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2017,Ay Puslitbang Kependudukan, 2018.
47 Ika Saptarini.
AuDeterminan Kehamilan Tidak Diinginkan Di Indonesia (Analisis Data Sekunder Riskesdas 2.
,Ay Indonesian Journal of Reproductive Health (Kespr.
7, no.
: 15Ae24.
Nurhayati, et.
Decision-Making in Family Planning: Women.
PlannedA | 689 Many families decide to use family planning due to the existence of malahah .
the use of family planning is a harmless way to be able to span the time of pregnancy or the birth of a baby, where the results of child thinning in social society aim to suppress the explosion of population uncontrollably.
The results of this study indicate that the practice of family planning among career women is malahah .
Family planning counseling programs on the proper contraceptives such as pills and condoms, should be explained until couples fully understand.
Therefore, the unexpected risk of pregnancy due to failure to use these contraceptives can be reduced.
49,50 The use of traditional contraceptives should also be explained thoroughly to unwanted pregnancies.
48 SaAoadah.
AuAnalisis Praktik Keluarga Berencana Pada Wanita Karir Di Kecamatan Cilamaya Kulon Kabupaten Karawang Perspektif Maslahah Mursalah.
Ay 49 Remare R Ettarh and Catherine Kyobutungi.
AuPhysical Access to Health Facilities and Contraceptive Use in Kenya: Evidence from the 2008-2009 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey,Ay African Journal of Reproductive Health / La Revue Africaine de La Santy Reproductive 16, no.
: 48Ae56.
50 Nermin Erol.
AuUnintended Pregnancy and Prenatal Care: A Study from a Maternity Hospital in Turkey.
,Ay The European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care 15, no.
): 290Ae , https://doi.
org/10.
3109/13625187.
51 Alemayehu Gonie et al.
AuDeterminants of Family Planning Use among Married Women in Bale Eco-Region.
Southeast Ethiopia: A 690 | Mazahib Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam.
Vol 23 No.
Conclusion This study highlights several key factors that significantly influence family planning use among families.
Notably, the desire for sons or daughters is inversely related to family planning adoption, with families that do not prioritize having a specific gender of children showing a higher likelihood of using family planning.
Families that did not require sons had a 1.
332 times higher risk of family planning use, while those not prioritizing daughters had a 289 times higher likelihood of adopting family planning Joint decision-making between spouses on the desired number of children also positively impacts family planning usage, with families engaging in shared decisionmaking showing a markedly higher uptake of family The results additionally reveal that wives with a firm intention to limit their family size are more likely to use family planning, underscoring the role of womenAos preferences in contraceptive adoption.
Furthermore, significantly affects family planning continuity, with modern contraceptives associated with a higher likelihood of sustained family planning usage compared to traditional This finding suggests a trend toward modern Community Based Study,Ay BMC WomenAos Health 18, no.
1 (March 2.
, https://doi.
org/10.
1186/s12905-018-0539-7.
Nurhayati, et.
Decision-Making in Family Planning: Women.
PlannedA | 691 contraceptive methods due to their effectiveness and 692 | Mazahib Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam.
Vol 23 No.
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