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Balancing Climate Justice with Sustainable Development Needs in A Policy: Questioning about Government Regulations for National Strategic Projects Facilitation Ricca Anggraeni Universitas Pancasila.
Indonesia E-mail: riccaanggraeni@univpancasila.
https://doi.
org/10.
25134/unifikasi.
ARTICLE INFO
Article History Received: October 20, 2023 Revised: April 30, 2024 Accepted: May 11, 2024 Keywords Climate Justice.
Infrastructure.
Policy.
National Strategic Project.
Sustainable Development.
ABSTRACT
The problem is that Government Regulation Number 42 of 2021 on National Strategic Projects Facilitation deals with the concepts of environmental balance and climate change policy.
Spatial planning, including marine space, land acquisition, and forestry, should support national strategic projects.
the one hand, the environmental balance must be maintained to mitigate global warming.
Government Regulation on National Strategic Projects Facilitation is like a two-edged knife.
the balance point must be found so that climate justice and sustainable development can be achieved.
Through normative research methods with qualitative data analysis, it was discovered that Government Regulation on National Strategic Projects Facilitation, on the one hand, succeeded in becoming an infectious engine for infrastructure development and development for the welfare of the community, but on the other hand.
Government Regulation became a suppressive engine for the community group, the living environment, and spatial balance.
Government Regulation on National Strategic Projects Facilitation is not yet on the side of the people and communities most vulnerable to the impact of climate change due to the development of the National Strategic Projects infrastructure to pursue the achievement of the SDGs.
Therefore, the pattern of government regulation on national strategic projects facilitation must change, not only to Auincrease the number of infrastructure developmentsAy but also to improve the quality of human life today and in the future, so that access to SDGs in Indonesia becomes something comprehensive because it does not interfere with achieving other indicators.
Introduction Data shows that infrastructure development over the years 2020Ae2024 has increased, this is with planning undertaken in the Long- and Medium-Term Development Plan.
This is a development control tool that contains a list of National Strategic Projects, that are directly implemented through infrastructure development, such as ports, toll roads, oil plant construction, power plants, reservoirs, bridges, trans ways, housing, gas networks, drinking water networks, and the construction of waste treatment facilities.
The various constructions of the National Strategic Projects required, it needs to be compatible with the spatial arrangement, including the need for land acquisition.
Therefore, the Labour Creation Act, last with the Act No.
6 of 2023 on the Establishment of Government Regulations in Replacement of the Law No.
2 of 2022 on the Creation of Jobs is presented as a Hanan Nugroho.
AuIndonesiaAos Energy Development: Evaluation of the 2015-2019 Medium Term Development Plan and Outlook for That of 2020-2024,Ay Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan: The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning 3, no.
: 266Ae272.
2 Rizki Fajar Kurniawan et al.
AuEconomics and Digital Business Review Analisis Crowdfunding Sebagai Alternatif Pembiayaan Pembangunan Infrastruktur Dalam Proyek Ibu Kota Nusantara,Ay Economics and Digital Business Review 5, no.
: 387Ae393.
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form of regulatory support for the PSN, including through infrastructure development.
With such support, it is expected that investment will increase, create new jobs, and ultimately accelerate the added value to the people's economies, which is also a matter of achieving the goals of sustainable development3.
To achieve these objectives, the implementing regulations for the Creation of Work Act.
Government Regulation No.
42 of 2021 on Facilitating National Strategic Projects, were formed.
Government Regulation 42/2021 provides for government support for national strategic projects, ranging from planning, including in terms of spatial planning, land acquisition, and the use of forest areas.
In addition to planning facilities, there are also facilities for preparation, transactions, construction, procurement, and handling legal issues in the case of national strategic projects.
4 The arrangement also supports the achievement of sustainable development, especially the ninth indicator, which is "building robust infrastructure, promoting inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and driving innovation.
" 5 However, on the other hand, the arrangements become a sword for the environment and society, especially about the readiness of the people to the plans and the results of the development.
6 It cannot be denied that the development of national strategic projects has negative environmental impacts, such as reduced water reservoirs, reduced fertile reservoir areas, disruption of ecosystems, and the survival of flora and fauna, as well as biodiversity.
7 The results of research published in the journal also write that the pre-construction impact on infrastructure project development is the liberation of land, which is very sensitive to the survival of landowners.
Whereas the impact in the construction phase is on the physical environment components, such as increased noise, air pollution, soil and water contamination, damage to common ground, hydrological disturbance, and social conflict.
His research is interesting because it is contextual, after what is done by researchers, both from overseas and domestic colleges, or from research centers in research institutions.
As done by the University of California on climate justice, which investigates alternative models for conventional carbon forestry and REDD projects using knowledge system approaches and Aboriginal world views.
9 The Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment is also focusing on climate change research.
The Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment has developed a typology of the national climate governance model, with a focus on national governance and co-regulation settings with the country.
This typology is intended to supplement existing data sets with new indicators on governance and institutions and to analyze global trends in climate Kristina Mensah.
Christine Wieck, and Bettina Rudloff.
AuSustainable Food Consumption and Sustainable Development Goal 12: Conceptual Challenges for Monitoring and Implementation,Ay Sustainable Development 32, 1 .
: 1109Ae1119.
4 AuPeraturan Pemerintah Tentang Kemudahan Proyek Strategis Nasional.
PP Nomor 42, (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2021.
Nomor 52.
Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 6.
,Ay n.
5 United Nations.
Departemen Urusan Ekonomi Dan Sosial Pembangunan Berkelanjutan.
Diakses Melalui Https://Sdgs-Un-Org.
Translate.
Goog/Goals?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=id&_x_tr_pto=sc.
6 Biro Komunikasi Publik Kementerian PUPR.
Pembangunan Infrastruktur Berkeadilan Dan Berkelanjutan.
Diakses Melalui Https://Pu.
Go.
Id/Berita/Pembangunan-Infrastruktur-Berkeadilan-Dan-Berkelanjutan.
Lihat Pula Riffa Laudhia Safira.
Raisya Insani Prasiwi.
Aa .
Pusat Keteknikan.
Kehutanan Dan Lingkungan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup Dan Kehutanan.
Seri Kebijakan Dan Regulasi: Solusi Jalan Strategis.
Untuk Konservasi Dan Pembangunan Infrastruktur.
Diakses Melalui Https://Pustek.
Menlhk.
Go.
Id/Aktivitas/Solusi-Jalan- .
8 Anwar Muda.
AuAnalisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan Paket Pelebaran Jalan RTA Milono Palangkaraya,Ay Media Ilmiah Teknik Lingkungan 1, no.
: 1Ae5.
9 Diakses Melalui Https://Centerclimatejustice.
Universityofcalifornia.
Edu/Projects/Research/ .
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Grantham Institute uses two in-depth case studies of climate change governance models and institutions in Tanzania and South Africa on climate governance in those 10 In 2021, too, a study on climate justice by Shingirai Stanley Mugambiwa was In his study.
Sangirai stated that "climate change is a matter of justice, based on the cause of the phenomenon, its impact, and the policies designed to manage it.
Africa and developing countries contribute less to the greenhouse gas emissions that are the main cause of climate change, but those countries suffer the most from its consequences.
Sangirai observed the concept of climatic justice in Africa to establish climate justice on the continent of Africa so that it could critically assess the impact of climatic change and adaptation options in various African countries related to climate justice.
In his study.
Sangirai found that climate fairness is a joke for Africa because climate disturbances affect countries differently and the capacity for adaptation also differs.
It was also revealed by Sangirai that the climatebased impact in Africa largely affects women and the poor.
The results of several studies conducted related to climate change and national strategic projects are the reference for this study.
This research is not focused on climate change and national strategic projects, but on the policy set out in the legislative regulations in this case.
Government Regulation of 42/2021.
The rule is, on the one hand, on the side of national strategic development, but on the other hand, it faces the risk of global warming due to spatial change.
In this study, we found the capabilities of Government Regulation 42/2021 as a balance point for sustainable development for improving the people's economy and climate justice as a concept of the Human Rights Movement for vulnerable groups as the affected parties of infrastructure project development.
Based on that, the problem in studies is, what Government Regulation 42/2021 on National Strategic Project Facilitation able to be a balance point for sustainable development for the improvement of the people's economy and climate justice as the concept of the Human Rights movement for vulnerable groups as the affected parties of the construction of infrastructure projects? Research Methods The research carried out to determine the ability of Government Regulation No.
42 of 2021 on National Strategic Projects Facilities to be a balance point for climate justice and sustainable development is normative legal research with not enough secondary data.
The data taken is secondary information that comes from primary legal material such as legislative regulations, such as the Law on Creation of Work and Government Regulation Number 42 of 2021.
From secondary legal materials that come from journal articles and research reports conducted by research institutions, the researchers also use primary Second data is needed to obtain a description of the major issues facing Indonesia during climate change.
The description is then re-confirmed through the results of research that has been published, with the presence of legislative regulations such as Government Regulation No.
Year 2021.
It is to show that regulation-legislation as a policy Grantham Institute.
AuThe Governance and Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 13 on Climate Change,Ay Climate Change Governance.
Legislation and Litigation, last modified 2023, accessed December 10, 2023, https://w.
uk/granthaminstitute/the-governance-and-implementation-of-sustainable-development-goal13-on-climate-change/.
11 Shingirai Stanely Mugambiwa.
AuWhat Justice? Whose Justice?: Rethinking Climate Justice Through Climate Change Impacts and Option for Adaptation in Africa,Ay Technium Social Sciences Journal 26, no.
: 761Ae770.
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becomes an important element in building an ecosystem of climate change in Indonesia, so that no party is affected by any policy taken by the government to tackle climate change.
The core of the problem in society as far as wisdom is concerned, it means that the policy must be fair and unbiased, and that it has the nature of giving hope to the people to be One of the forms of policy is the rule of law.
Legislation as part of the law is the safest means of social change, including the achievement of the purpose of the state.
The protection of human rights is often chosen as the basis of argument in the formulation of legislation.
Therefore, it is necessary to convince whether Government Regulation 42/2021 is a balance point for sustainable development for improving the people's economy and climate justice as the concept of the Human Rights movement for vulnerable groups as the affected parties of infrastructure project development.
Knowing that, it becomes the input and material for drawing up recommendations on regulation on the part of vulnerable groups to policies chosen by the government to tackle climate change.
Not until then, in Indonesia, through regulations that are very favorable to the development of infrastructure, you will hurt the sense of justice for vulnerable groups affected by the disruption of the balance of the living environment because of National Strategic Projects development.
Results and Discussion The issue of climate justice was highlighted in 2019 at the United Nations General Assembly Summit on Global Climate Protection for the Present and Future Generations.
The discussion focused on climate justice, with the construction of the idea that climate change will not have a fair impact between rich and poor, between women and men, as well as between old and young.
With this construction, the climate crisis is seen through the lens of human rights and the belief that there needs to be affirmative action for vulnerable groups affected by policies to tackle climate change.
12 Therefore, it is necessary to convince whether Government Regulation 42/2021 is a balance point for sustainable development for improving the people's economy and climate justice as the concept of the Human Rights movement for vulnerable groups as the affected parties of infrastructure project development.
Knowing that, it becomes the input and material for drawing up recommendations on regulation on the part of vulnerable groups to policies chosen by the government to tackle climate change.
Not until then, in Indonesia, through regulations that are very favorable to the development of infrastructure, you will hurt the sense of justice for vulnerable groups affected by the disruption of the balance of the living environment because of National Strategic Projects The achievement of the SDGs through infrastructure development cannot be relieved by environmental problems.
The impact of the environment has a domino effect on human survival.
Therefore, it has become essential to aid the community in dealing with environmental problems.
Through climate justice, it is recognized that climate change can have different social, economic, public health, and other negative impacts on disadvantaged populations.
Climate justice advocates are working hard to address this injustice directly through long-term mitigation and adaptation strategies.
Climate justice demands a shift from the discourse Climate Justice.
Diakses Melalui Https://w.
Un.
Org/Sustainabledevelopment/Blog/2019/05/Climate-Justice/ .
13 Roy Limbong.
AuIsu Pemanasan Global Pada Pergeseran Paradigma Studi Keamanan Dalam Hubungan Internasional the Issue of Global Warming in Shifting Paradigm of Security Studies in International Relations,Ay Jurnal Diplomasi Pertahanan 7, no.
: 27.
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about global warming and the Greenhouse Movement to a civil rights movement with the people and communities most vulnerable to climate impacts.
Climate impacts such as storms and severe floods, rising forest fires, extreme heat temperatures, poor air quality, difficult access to food and water, and the disappearance of coastlines.
14 Climate change in the context of Indonesia, the entire territory is experiencing an increase in air temperature.
in the southern part of Indonesia, there is a decrease in precipitation, while the northern part will be experiencing increased precipitation.
These changes in rainfall patterns cause problems with the plantation index when shorter varieties are not available and irrigation tissue is not In the agricultural sector, the impact of climate change is very significant, especially on climate resources, land, and agricultural production systems.
15 However, the thing to bear in mind is that not all work that focuses on climate change is climate justice.
Referring to UNICEF, climate justice means "connecting human rights with development and climate action.
" About development, the world now has a sustainable development agenda, referring to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG.
16 Of the 17 goals, the SDGs are a system that is interrelated and interacting, so they must be understood more comprehensively and are inseparable from each objective.
17 One standard that is often used as a parameter in comprehensive development implementation is the Environmental.
Social, and Governance (ESG) standard.
In Alijoyo.
, the ESG standard is defined as a concept that leads to sustainable development, investment, and business activities with three main factors, namely environment, social, and governance.
Therefore, all forms of activity and decision-making should be able to fully implement the principles of environmental conservation, social responsibility, and good governance.
18 In the context of Indonesia, the SDGs are implemented through Presidential Decree No.
111 of 2022 on the Implementation of the Achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.
In support of development growth that is synergistic with the SDGs, investment in infrastructure development Therefore, the government continues to increase infrastructure investment through the PSN.
PSN development is being carried out in various sectors, including information technology, planting, clean water procurement, mining processing, and special economic areas.
This PSN has a wide-ranging social and economic impact on the region of Indonesia.
In other words, the National Strategic Projects is considered essential for driving economic growth and development.
Despite this, infrastructure investments often fail to support climate action because policymakers focus on solving one infrastructure problem without thinking about the impact on those affected by infrastructure development.
19 But with the development of infrastructure there is a potential for transformation on a large scale.
David Schlosberg and Lisette B.
Collins.
AuFrom Environmental to Climate Justice: Climate Change and the Discourse of Environmental Justice,Ay Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 5, no.
: 359Ae374.
15 Lola Malihah.
AuTantangan Dalam Upaya Mengatasi Dampak Perubahan Iklim Dan Mendukung Pembangunan Ekonomi Berkelanjutan: Sebuah Tinjauan,Ay Jurnal Kebijakan Pembangunan 17, no.
: 219Ae232.
16 Kementerian PPN/Bappenas.
Sekilas SDGAoS.
Diakses Melalui Https://Sdgs.
Bappenas.
Go.
Id/Sekilas-Sdgs/ .
17 Andri Kurniawan.
Retno Setianingtias.
Baiquni.
AuPemodelan Indikator Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Di Indonesia,Ay Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 27, no.
: 61Ae74.
Kerja Sama Pemerintah Dan Badan Usaha Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia.
SDGs.
ESG Dan Infrastruktur.
Diakses Melalui Https://Kpbu.
Kemenkeu.
Go.
Id/Read/88-243/Umum/Kajian-Opini-Publik/Sdgs-EsgDan-Infrastruktur.
UNOPS,
AuInfrastructure For Climate Action,Ay Diakses Melalui Https://Content.
Unops.
Org/Publications/Infrastructure-for-Climate Action_EN.
Pdf?Mtime=20211008124956&focal=none, p.
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Indonesia has a regulatory system for infrastructure development, including Government Regulation No.
42/2021 on National Strategic Projects Facilitation and Presidential Regulation No.
109/2020 on Accelerating the Implementation of National Strategic Projects.
The central issue in this study is Government Regulation No.
42/2021 on National Strategic Projects Facilitation, as a direct implementation regulation of the Law on the Creation of Works for Article 3 letter d.
Article 26.
Article 31.
Article 36.
Article 124.
Article 173, and Article 185 letter b.
The problem is that this PP is the basis for providing facilities for the implementation of the National Strategic Projects.
Even other provisions in Article 49 Government Regulation Number 42/2021 stipulate that, "In the case of this Government Regulation giving an unregulated, incomplete, or unclear choice and/or the presence of government stagnation, the Minister may exercise discretion to address concrete issues in the maintenance of government affairs related to the realization of facilities of the National Strategic Project.
With Government Regulation No.
42/2021, concrete issues that may arise, such as land acquisition, adjustment of spatial and territorial arrangements, and use of forests and customs areas, the Minister was given authority to resolve.
Therefore, by 2022, eight industrial zone projects, 10 special economic zone projects, and six smelter projects will have been completed that have a strategic role as supporting economic centers in the region.
2023, the total number of PSNs will be 210 projects and 12 programs, with an estimated total investment value of Rs 5.
4 trillion.
Imagine how many habitats and spatial arrangements have been massively transformed.
Then, what about the affected communities? Based on the data, the development of the National Strategic Projects is the construction of the Tol Tanggul Sea Semarang Demak, which has environmentally worsened the damage to the ecosystem of the central Java coastline, disrupting the ocean currents, destroying the coastlines, and damaging the fishing area.
In addition, the impact of this development is that the number of fishing catches continues to decrease over time.
According to WALHI, "the public has never been involved in the decision-making process for the construction of the sea-track infrastructure.
" Thus, the fundamental question of who this development is for is frequently raised by the community, as is done by fishermen in the coastal areas, including the fisherman in the Thousand DKI Jakarta Islands, who are affected by the reclamation project in the Middle Island for the tourism project.
Not to mention the PSN-connected transportation, which is a toll road.
There is a construction of toll roads that then cut the irrigation channels of agriculture, so that the savages suffered drought, as happened in the village of Koripan, district of Semarang.
Furthermore, the drop in groundwater surface induced by the construction of toll roads contributed significantly to the cause of soil degradation.
The Sawahs are experiencing a Friction along the body region of Tol Road at depths of 19 to 25 meters may cause groundwater falls.
22 And from the results of the research published, the well-being of farmers has decreased after the development of the National Strategic Projects of this toll road.
However, the BPS, through the publication of the survey on the impact of infrastructure Maya Septiani.
AuDiskresi Dalam Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan PublikAy Diakses Melalui Https://Ombudsman.
Go.
Id/Artikel/r/Artikel--Diskresi-Dalam-Penyelenggaraan-Pelayanan-Publik .
Diana Barirotuttaqiyyah.
Lutfi MutaAoali, and Andri Kurniawan.
AuVariasi Spasial Dampak Pembangunan Jalan Tol Terhadap Tingkat Kesejahteraan Petani Desa Koripan.
Kec.
Susukan.
Kab.
Semarang,Ay Jurnal Widya Laksana 9, no.
: 11Ae18.
22 Ibid.
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development on the agricultural sector, revealed that there are effects such as reduction of agricultural land, psychological impact, and social impact on farmers,23 which of course is very influential on food production.
On the one hand.
Indonesia is also focusing on a policy of reducing the number of stunts and striving for a national food shelf.
Another one that could be a description of the issue of the negative impact of the infrastructure project is the Mandalika Urban Infrastructure Development and Tourism Project.
Before the approval of the project, the land dispute was increasing in the Mandalika area, causing an irreversible negative impact on Sasak indigenous communities.
A survey conducted by the Indonesian Infrastructure Development Monitoring Coalition of 105 affected community members in December 2022 and January 2023 found that 98% of respondents did not seek their approval regarding the Mandalika project.
Only 6% had attended a consultation meeting held by the project-implementing company.
The KPPII survey data also revealed patterns of intimidation and coercion against communities affected by the Mandalika project.
70% of respondents surveyed were subjected to the impact of forced labor and bullying in the process of land acquisition.
Almost all respondents stated that no fair and adequate compensation was offered for land, houses, and crops purchased or destroyed because of the Mandalika project.
The loss of land and access to the sea and other natural resources makes the locals obligated to feed their families.
Since its launch, the efforts to build the Mandalika project have pushed the affected communities to become increasingly plunged into food poverty and extreme poverty.
24 Of these negative impacts, the state needs to be present to provide protection and guarantees of sustainable livelihood.
Infrastructure development as part of the PSN is important for achieving the SDGs, but the state, through the government, must be wise to anticipate the impact, especially for vulnerable groups.
Governments cannot see from a single landscape that people will prosper with infrastructure development, but holistically, so that no one is hurt and left behind because of this As emphasized in the SDG's principles25.
Legislative regulations, as a form of state policy presence in constitutional construction, must be formed with the aim of solving the problem through a comprehensive, not incremental, method of plumbing.
Government Regulation 42/2021 is present as a form of government support for National Strategic Projects, from planning to preparation, transactions, construction, procurement, and handling legal issues.
Of course, if you read the norms by norm, article by article.
Government Regulation 42/2021 provides facilities for the Central Government and the Regional Government in the case of National Strategic Projects.
In Government Regulation 42/2021, there are only two .
chapters that are directly oriented to society, namely Chapter Management of Social Impact and Chapter Solving Legal Problems in Implementation of National Strategic Projects.
One of the provisions in these chapters is the existence of programs and budgets by the Minister/Head of Institution, the Governor, and/or the Mayor/Mayor for the management of the social impact on the communities directly affected by the implementation of the National Strategic Projects.
23 BPS.
AuDampak Pembangunan Infrastruktur Terhadap Sektor Pertanian Kajian Di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 2021Ay.
Diakses Melalui Https://Yogyakarta.
Bps.
Go.
Id/Publication/2022/10/24/9167748412fac23c0ef49fb0/DampakPembangunan-Infrastruktur-Terhadap-Sektor-Pert .
Koalisi Pemantau Pembangunan Infrastruktur Indonesia.
AuKalau Merugikan Masyarakat Lokal.
Buat Apa Pembangunan: Dampak-Dampak Hak Asasi Manusia Dan Sosio-Ekonomi Dari Pembangunan Infrastruktur Urban Dan Pariwisata Mandalika.
April 2023.
Diakses Melalui Htt .
25 W.
Travis Selmier and Aloysius Newenham-Kahindi.
AuCommunities of Place.
Mining Multinationals and Sustainable Development in Africa,Ay Journal of Cleaner Production 292 (April 10, 2.
: 125709.
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However, again, such budgets are adjusted to the financial capacity of the country and/or As for its legal issues, this PP regulates the priority of the administrative process in accordance with the provisions of the regulations of the legislation in the field of government In the case of this discretion, in which the researchers are involved, there is a policy taken that turns out to be not in favor of the society affected by a National Strategic Projects program.
Through SDGAos parameters, namely Environmental.
Social, and Governance (ESG), then SDG's principles themselves are universality, integration, and No One Left Behind.
Government Regulation 42/2021 pays less attention to environmental and social factors, as well as no one left behind, because there are social and psychological factors of society that are less observed in PSN.
Although, in the process of preparation, there is a feasibility study, one of the conclusions of which is the identification of risks and mitigation recommendations, as well as the allocation of such risks, it is not sufficient to provide concrete descriptions and solutions to the problem of the impact given on the development of PSN infrastructure.
Not to mention, global environmental impacts, such as climate change due to less space for green areas and forests and less land for agriculture and food supply, are impacting sustainable lives for future generations.
Government Regulation 42/2021, on the one hand, succeeded in becoming an infectious engine for the development of infrastructure for the promotion of development for the welfare of the community, but on the other hand.
PP has become an oppressive engine for groups of society, the living environment, and spatial balance, even for all of us who are still generations of people living and growing affected by the development of PSN infrastructure.
Conclusion Government Regulation 42/2021 has not yet been able to be a balance point for climate justice and sustainable development, as Government Regulation 42/2021, in its norms, still uses economic orientation to provide facilities for the development of National Strategic Projects infrastructure projects, leaving an approach to the socio-psychological impact of The culture shock that occurs in the community, as the geographical environment changes and the land is used for development with inadequate compensation and a pattern of intimidation, continues to be a problem in the National Strategic Projects Infrastructure Development project, thus causing some groups of the community .
uch as farmers and fisherme.
to experience a decline in their level of well-being and performance in food Global warming as a global impact perceived for humanity includes the less concerned impact observed in terms of implementation of the National Strategic Projects Infrastructure Development, so Government Regulation 42/2021 only focuses on Auincreasing the number of infrastructure developments" and not on the quality of human life today and in the future.
Suggestion The recommendation given to the actor implementation of Government Regulation 42/2021 in this case is that the implementation of Government Regulation 42/2021 is not only oriented to the development of infrastructure but also oriented to human and environmental quality by keeping in mind the spatial arrangement and potential of the region.
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