Advance Sustainable Science.
Engineering and Technology (ASSET) Vol.
No.
July 2023, pp.
0230203-01 0230203-011
ISSN: 2715-4211 DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
26877/asset.
Optimizing Project Performance by Applying the Crashing Method to Road Construction Project Pramudya Febryanti Dewi1*.
Zetta Rasullia Kamandang2 Faculty of Engineering.
Universitas Pembangunan Nasional AuVeteranAy East Java.
Jl.
Rungkut Madya No 1 Gn.
Anyar .
Surabaya 60294.
East Java.
Indonesia Faculty of Engineering.
Universitas Pembangunan Nasional AuVeteranAy East Java.
Jl.
Rungkut Madya No 1 Gn.
Anyar .
Surabaya 60294.
East Java.
Indonesia * 19035010042@student.
Abstract.
In the implementation of projects, various obstacles are often encountered which cause delays which have an impact not only on the duration of implementation but also on the costs These constraints can be in the form of a lack of resources, weather factors to social Thus, it is necessary to accelerate and optimize what can be done to overcome the delay.
As well as efficient resource management.
One of the acceleration methods that can be used is the Crashing method.
One of them is the application of the crashing method to the Ringinrejo BTS road construction project.
Regency.
Malang STA 2 350 Ae 6 300 which experienced delays in its implementation.
After analyzing the remaining work, the duration of the remaining work was 273 days or completed on December 31, 2022.
In the initial planning, the project was scheduled for completion on October 3, 2022, so based on this, the project experienced a delay of 89 days.
The total minimum fee that must be incurred is IDR 1,524,960.
00 with an additional fee of IDR 21,180,000.
00 per day.
Daily productivity for ordinary excavation works, which was 20 mA/hour, increased to 909.
59 mA/hour.
For daily productivity on ordinary embankment work which was originally 371.
92 mA/hour to 743.
84 mA/hour and productivity on road construction work which was originally 330.
91 mA/hour to 661.
81 mA/hour.
After the acceleration using the crashing analyzing method on existing critical paths, it is known that the duration of project implementation which was originally 273 days became 184 days by adding the number of heavy equipment.
with an additional fee of IDR 1,524,960,000.
Keywords: Project Delay.
Crashing Method.
ASSET.
Project Management (Received 2023-07-04.
Accepted 2023-07-31.
Available Online by 2023-07-.
Introduction Research for this final project is located at the Ringinrejo Road Development Project - Bts.
Kab.
Malang is located in Ringinrejo Village.
Wates District.
Blitar Regency.
East Java.
In this study used Advance Sustainable Science.
Engineering and Technology (ASSET) Vol.
No.
July 2023, pp.
0230203-01 0230203-011
ISSN: 2715-4211 DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
26877/asset.
quantitative methods.
This method has been used for a long time, so it is often called the traditional This type of research, starting from the beginning to making the research design, is carried out in a systematic, planned and structured manner.
Project management refers to how resources are available to managers so that they can be properly applied to a construction project.
The resources used in development projects include labour, equipment, materials, methods and money.
The process of setting goals and objectives that require the preparation of resources to achieve them is known as planning activities.
There are three factors to consider when planning activities.
These three factors are known as the three constraints .
riple constrain.
To make the best scheduling decisions, the use of resources during implementation requires effective and efficient planning.
The definition of scheduling is determining the time and sequence of work in project implementation to produce the overall time duration.
Project management is an important component for the sustainability of a project.
One of them is the road construction project which is an infrastructure project that has been developed by the This is because roads play an important role in increasing the economic and social activities of the people in the region.
Likewise in the implementation of the Ringinrejo - BTS road construction Malang STA 2 350 Ae 6 300.
With the various obstacles that occurred including weather factors to social factors, the project experienced delays so that efforts were needed to accelerate to catch up with the delay so that it was in accordance with the planned schedule.
So the purpose of this research is to find out the amount of time needed to complete the project after adding the number of heavy equipment used.
Problem Formulation What is the total duration of the project after the acceleration analysis is carried out using the crashing What is the minimum cost that must be incurred after the acceleration analysis is carried out using the crashing method? What are the results of increasing the performance productivity of the heavy equipment used? Project Management The definition of management basically includes methods, techniques, or procedures to achieve certain goals in a systematic and effective manner through planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling tasks by utilizing existing resources effectively.
Project management consists of three stages.
Planning Planning is identifying many options for action and choosing the best one.
Scheduling Scheduling is determining the time and sequence of work in project implementation to produce the overall time duration (Mubarak, 2.
Controlling Control is the process of ensuring what has been achieved, assessing performance, and if necessary taking corrective action (Ervianto I, 2.
Scheculing Method Scheduling methods used in a project include:
Bars .
Charts Advance Sustainable Science.
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ISSN: 2715-4211 DOI: https://doi.
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Curve Ae S Network Planning Diagrams:
Activities on Arrow Activity on Node Critical Path Method(CPM) Activity om Node Activity on Node(AON) has a representation that is closely related to what is called the Precendence Diagram Method (PDM).
In this method there are several time relationships, namely:
Early Start(ICE) =The earliest time an activity can start after the previous activity has finished.
Late Start(LS) =The latest time an activity can be completed without slowing down the completion of the project schedule.
Early Finish(EF) =The earliest time an activity can be completed if it starts at the earliest time and is completed according to the duration.
Late Finish(LF) =The latest time an activity can be started without causing delays in project Figure 1.
Activity Type in Activity on Node Project Duration Acceleration\ Project acceleration means shortening the normal duration of project work .
r it can also be called schedule compressio.
The basic function of project management is to manage matters relating to the three constraints .
riple constrain.
The idea is that projects are generally limited to selecting two of the three elements and sacrificing the others to get the two selected.
So that it can be said in terms of the triple constraint, one of them is good Ae fast, good Ae cheap, or fast Ae cheap, but you cannot choose all three.
Figure 2.
Acceleration On Project Critical Path Advance Sustainable Science.
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ISSN: 2715-4211 DOI: https://doi.
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The critical path is the work path where the execution time of the activity cannot be delayed.
The critical path is the path that most determines the overall project completion time.
Accelerating every activity, especially those that are on a crucial trajectory and with the lowest acceleration costs, are things that need to be taken into account in accelerating project completion.
Methods The data used is secondary data.
Where at this stage the data - the data needed is RAB.
HSPK.
S Ae Curve, daily reports and supporting data.
In this study there are several stages of data analysis, namely Identification of Activities on the Critical Path.
Determining Crashing Scenarios.
Determining Crash Duration and Crash Costs.
Calculating Cost Slope.
Reviewing Time Cost Trade Off (TCTO) Analysis Results.
Identifying Heavy Equipment Productivity, and Calculating Increased Productivity of Heavy Equipment.
Crash Method Examining all project operations with a focus on activities that are on the critical path is known as crashingAy, and is a deliberate, methodical, and analytical procedure.
The shortest time required to complete an activity that is technically still achievable, assuming resources are not an obstacle.
speed up the process, there are four variables that can be improved: the number of workers, overtime scheduling, use of heavy equipment, and construction techniques in the field.
To further analyze the relationship between time and cost of an activity, the following definition is used.
The normal timeframe is the amount of time required to complete the job efficiently, without neglecting overtime and other additional efforts such as renting more complex equipment Normal costs are the direct costs required to complete an activity in an ordinary amount of time.
Shortened Time Frame .
rash tim.
accelerated time required to perform a technically feasible task.
Resources are not seen as a limitation in this situation.
Cost for Shortened Time .
rash cos.
is the total direct expenditure to complete the job in the smallest amount of time known as the crash cost.
The cost for the duration of the acceleration each day .
ost slop.
is the increase in costs for each reduction in the duration of the project.
By accelerating the duration of work on certain activities, there will be additional costs due to the acceleration of the duration carried out.
Or the relationship between time and cost can be seen in the following figure:
Figure 3.
Relationship between time andcost in normal and accelerated circumstances Advance Sustainable Science.
Engineering and Technology (ASSET) Vol.
No.
July 2023, pp.
0230203-01 0230203-011
ISSN: 2715-4211 DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
26877/asset.
Figure 4.
Research Methodology Advance Sustainable Science.
Engineering and Technology (ASSET) Vol.
No.
July 2023, pp.
0230203-01 0230203-011
ISSN: 2715-4211 DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
26877/asset.
Results and Discussion For the work on this Final Project general data was obtained from PT.
Ridlatama Bahtera Construction.
PT.
Ridlatama Bahtera Construction as a contractor on the Ringinrejo Ae Bts Road Construction project.
Regency.
Malang STA 2 350 Ae 6 300.
The data to be processed is as follows:
Project General Data Ringinrejo Ae BTS road construction project.
Regency.
Malang STA 2 350 Ae 6 300 starts on 10 May 2021 with a duration of 670 days.
In this study, activities that were accelerated were only activities that were on the critical path at week 47 to completion.
The following is the Road Construction Project data.
Project name : Ringinrejo Road Development Project Ae BTS.
Malang Regency STA 2 350 Ae Execution time : 670 days Contract value : IDR 46,004,000,000,3.
Critical After knowing the duration of each work on the project at the scheduling stage, or you can also refer to the project plan schedule.
After the duration of each job is known, then determine the relationship of each work which will then be included in the 2016 Microsoft Project.
Thus, it will be known that several work activities are on the critical path.
Where in the 2016 Microsoft Project for bar charts or network diagrams of work that are included in the critical path will be red as shown in Figure 3.
It is the work that is on this critical path that will be accelerated .
Figure 5.
Critical Path Determination Table 1.
Work on Critical Path No.
Work on the Critical Path Common Digs .
Ordinary Stockpiles from Excavations Road Agency Preparation .
Volume Normal Duration (Day.
109,446.
15,241.
47,400.
Calculating Normal Cost Normal costs .
ormal cost.
in the project consist of direct costs .
irect cost.
and indirect costs .
ndirect Direct costs are obtained from the multiplication of the residual volume and the unit price of each Normal Cost = Work Volume y Material Unit Price .
Advance Sustainable Science.
Engineering and Technology (ASSET) Vol.
No.
July 2023, pp.
0230203-01 0230203-011
ISSN: 2715-4211 DOI: https://doi.
org/10.
26877/asset.
Table 2.
Normal Cost of Work Activity No.
Work Volume Normal Fee (R.
Common Digs .
Ordinary Stockpiles from Excavations Road Agency Preparation .
109,446.
15,241.
1,094,469,620.
303,612,353.
47,400.
85,320,000.
In this study, the total value of normal cost was IDR.
43,325,708,137 with direct costs of IDR.
40,755,208,137 and indirect costs of IDR.
2,570,500,000.
This indirect cost includes housing.
, water needs, electricity needs and workers' wages.
Calculating Heavy Equipment Machine productivity per hour is needed to find out the amount of machine productivity needed for each Machine productivity is calculated using the formula.
ycOycuycoycycoyce ycEyceycoyceycycycaycaycu Productivity = .
yaycycycaycycn ycEyceycoyceycycycaycaycu For productivity on each job on the critical path will be described in the table Table 3.
Actual and Planned Productivity No.
Work Daily Productivity Common Dig .
Ordinary Stockpiles from Excavations Road Agency Preparation .
303,20 Plan Productivity Unit m3/hour m3/hour 574,27 m3/hour Crash Method In this study, the acceleration process .
will be applied by increasing the number of heavy Then, some of these scenarios are compared in terms of costs in order to get the optimal acceleration scenario.
The acceleration scenario is as follows.
Acceleration Scenario 1 This scenario is carried out by crashing the usual excavation work, namely.
Figure 6.
Acceleration Scenario 1 Advance Sustainable Science.
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July 2023, pp.
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ISSN: 2715-4211 DOI: https://doi.
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Acceleration Scenario 2 This scenario is carried out by crashing the usual excavation works and ordinary embankments from the excavation, namely.
Figure 7.
Acceleration Scenario 2 Acceleration Scenario 3 This scenario is carried out by crashing the usual excavation work and preparing the road body.
Figure 8.
Acceleration Scenario 3 Acceleration Scenario 4 This scenario is carried out by crashing on ordinary excavation work, ordinary piles of excavation results and preparation of road bodies, namely.
Figure 9.
Acceleration Scenario 4 Then calculate crashing productivity for each of the above scenarios by adding the number of heavy equipment to obtain the following calculation.
Advance Sustainable Science.
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July 2023, pp.
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Table 4.
Crashing Productivity No.
Description Crash Scenario 1
Crash Scenario 2
Crash Scenario 3
Crash Scenario 4
Daily Productivity Crashing Productivity Unit
303,20
675,12
634,10
1571,40
2315,24
m3/hour m3/hour m3/hour m3/hour After obtaining acceleration scenarios, crashing duration calculations are performed for each acceleration scenario using the formula.
Crashing duration = .
ycOycuycoycycoyce ycEyceycoyceycycycaycaycu ycEycycuyccycycoycycnycycnycycayc yaycycaycEaycnycuyci Table 5.
Normal Duration and Crashin Duration No.
Description Normal Duration (Day.
Crashing Duration (Day.
Crash Scenario 1 Crash Scenario 2 Crash Scenario 3 Crash Scenario 4 After calculating the productivity and duration of crashing.
The next step is to calculate the acceleration costs for each acceleration scenario, which is calculated by.
Crash costs = Durationcrashingy Total price of crashes .
Total cost of crashes = Costcrashing normal fees .
Cost Slopes yaAycnycaycyca ycaycycaycEaycnycuyciOeycaycnycaycyca ycuycuycycoycayco yaycycycaycycn ycaycycaycEaycnycuyci .
Table 6.
Normal Fee and Crashin Fee Crash Scenarios Normal Fee (R.
Crashing Cost (R.
Total Cost of Crashing (R.
Cost Slopes(/da.
Crash Scenario 1
Crash Scenario 2
Crash Scenario 3
Crash Scenario 4
IDR 1,094,469,620
IDR 1,398,081,973
IDR 1,179,789,620
IDR 1,483,401,973
IDR 1,524,960,000
IDR 1,885,600,000
IDR 1,588,774,865
IDR 1,949,414,865
IDR 2,619,429,620
IDR 3,283,681,973
IDR 2,917,699,350
IDR 3,432,816,838
IDR 21,180,000.
IDR 25,100,000.
IDR 29,280,000.
IDR 33,200,000.
From the calculation results above, it is found that the acceleration scenario 1 is the acceleration scenario with the lowest cost slope.
For this reason, the acceleration scenario 1 will be used in the Time Cost Ae Trade Off analysis.
Analysis of Time Cost Ae Trade Off After determining the scenario to be used, a time cost Ae trade off analysis is carried out on that scenario in order to obtain the optimum acceleration that can be carried out on the project.
The acceleration scenario must not exceed the remaining value of the project contract that can be used to accelerate the amount of Rp.
2,678,291,863 for scenario 1, the percentage of the remaining loss is Advance Sustainable Science.
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ISSN: 2715-4211 DOI: https://doi.
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26877/asset.
No.
Crash Scenarios Crash scenario 1 Table 6.
Normal Fee and Crashin Fee Crashing Cost (R.
Remaining Cost after Crashing (R.
IDR 1,524,960,000 IDR 58,862,243 Percentage Loss of Residual Costs Thus, an alternative scenario of acceleration 1 can be used on this road project so that it can be completed on time and has the lowest cost slope.
With a residual value that was originally IDR.
2,678,291,863 to IDR.
58,862,243.
Or it can be explained in the following graph.
Figure 10.
Comparison of Normal Time.
Cost.
Expedited Time and Cost Conclusion After processing the data, analyzing the data and discussing the results of this study, conclusions have been obtained to answer the research objectives.
The description is as follows After analyzing the remaining work, the duration of the remaining work was 273 days or completed on December 31, 2022.
In the initial planning, the project was scheduled for completion on October 3, 2022, so based on this, the project experienced a delay of 89 days.
The total minimum fee that must be incurred is IDR 1,524,960.
00 with an additional fee of IDR 21,180,000.
00 per day Daily productivity for ordinary excavation works, which was originally 303.
20 mA/hour, increased to 909.
59 mA/hour.
For daily productivity on ordinary embankment work which was originally 371.
92 mA/hour to 743.
84 mA/hour and productivity on road construction work which was originally 330.
91 mA/hour to 661.
81 mA/hour.
In the case of this road project, the acceleration scenario that is more effective to carry out is the acceleration 1 scenario, namely by increasing productivity in ordinary excavation work.
With normal work costs of IDR 1,094,469,620.
00 and crashing costs of IDR 1,524,960.
00 or an increase in costs of 40% of normal costs with remaining costs of IDR 58,862,243.
References