Indonesia Accounting Research Journal, 13 .
, pp.
Published by: Institute of Accounting Research and Novation (IARN) Indonesia Accounting Research Journal Journal homepage: https://journals.
id/index.
php/IARJ/index Analysis of financial statements on NYUCI LOUNDRY MSMEs based on financial accounting standards (SAK-EMKM) Sri Liniarti1.
Rizky Surya Andhayani Nasution2.
Yunanda Eka Putra3.
Farida Khairani Lubis4.
Elina R.
Gustarina5 1,2Accounting.
Faculty Economy.
Universitas Al Azhar.
Indonesia 3Management.
Faculty Economy.
Universitas Al Azhar.
Indonesia 4Accounting.
Faculty Economy.
Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara.
Indonesia 5Accounting.
Faculty Economy.
Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya.
Indonesia
Article Info
ABSTRACT
Article history:
This research aims to find out the financial statements of MSMEs Loundry NYCUI based on SAK EMKM and identify financial reporting obstacles experienced by MSMEs Loundry NYUCI based on SAK EMKM.
This research uses a descriptive qualitative method, using primary and secondary data.
The data collection technique used is The results of this study confirm that the financial statements of NYUCI Loundry do not meet the requirements of SAK EMKM.
The problems experienced by Loundry NYUCI in financial reporting based on EMKM SAK are caused by a ignorance of EMKM SAK, ignorane of socialization of EMKM SAK, and ignorance of human resources in the field of accounting.
Received dec 10, 2025 Revised Dec 20, 2025 Accepted Dec 30, 2025 Keywords:
Financial Reports.
MSMEs.
Sak Emkm.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license.
Corresponding Author:
Sri Liniarti.
Accounting/Faculty Economy.
Universitas Al Azhar.
Jl.
Pintu Air IV No.
214 Province North Sumatra, 20143.
Indonesia Email: srie.
liniarty8877@gmail.
INTRODUCTION
(Hadiyati, 2.
The definition of MSMEs contained in Law of the Republic of Indonesia No.
20 of 2008 is a form of business that can be managed directly by the general public, without having to take care of complicated company establishment licensing.
In general, the definition of MSMEs has been specifically mentioned in the Law.
(De Sordi et al.
, 2.
In Article 1 of the Law, it is described that there are three main things regarding the differences between micro, small and medium enterprises.
According to (Sari & Kusumawati, 2.
, there are factors that can be used as a reference in managing and increasing the turnover of an MSME, including expertise/knowledge, agility and Expertise/Skill, is a main factor that must be possessed by MSME actors.
(Supatmin et , 2.
the most basic problem for MSMEs is accounting recording and compiling of financial This can also be a challenge in the preparation of financial statements.
According to (Eko, 2.
, this is because MSMEs are constrained by various factors, including a lack of knowledge about accounting records.
MSME reporting generally records the number of goods received and disbursed, the number of goods bought and sold, the number of receivables and payables, without using existing financial accounting standards, which do not to show actual financial information (Chuzairi & Hafriza, 2.
(Astika et al.
, 2.
In practice.
MSMEs generally conduct financial recording in a simple and pragmatic manner, with the main focus on cash inflows and outflows to ensure the continuity of daily operations.
This recording functions more as a cash control tool, not as Journal homepage: https://journals.
id/index.
php/IARJ/index Indonesia Accounting Research Journal ISSN 2476-8820 (Onlin.
A a means of presenting comprehensive financial information.
In contrast.
EMKM GAAP is designed to produce financial reports that are informative, reliable, and relevant for economic decision-making, both by business owners and external parties such as banks and the government.
This difference in goals causes the financial information produced by MSMEs often not reflects the economic condition of the business as a whole.
The accounting information produced is useful in deliberation, so that the basis for consideration includes: Getting necessary items and making machines, figuring out costs, asking banks for money, hiring more people, and making the company more valuable are all very important things (Mohammed, 2.
Conceptual gaps are also seen in the recognition and measurement of assets and expenses.
Many MSMEs do not record fixed assets adequately and tend to ignore depreciation.
GAAP EMKM demands recognition of assets based on acquisition costs and depreciation charges systematically over the useful life of the asset.
Without the application of this principle, the value of MSME assets and business profits has the potential to be presented higher than the actual condition, thus providing a misleading financial picture.
To handle these situations and facts, it's really important to start using new ways to make money reports that follow the rules of how accounting is done.
(Iverson & Dervan, 2.
(Baiq Widiastiawati, 2.
(Liniarti et al.
, 2.
The preparation of financial statements for MSME actors has its own preparation standards regulated by the Indonesian Accounting Association (IAI) in the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro.
Small and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM) (Nasution et al.
, 2.
(Liniarti & Nasution, 2.
October 24, 2016.
DSAK IAI has issued the SAK EMKM which is effective from January 1, 2018.
(Maleha, 2.
SAK EMKM is a standard that is made simpler than SAK ETAP with the aim of helping and making it easier for MSME actors to prepare financial statements (Fitriani, 2.
(Walmi Sholihat, 2.
The object of research to be researched is NYUCI Laundry MSMEs which are engaged in the washing business of clothes and shoes, so it is necessary to prepare financial reports in accordance with SAK EMKM.
(Palepu et al.
, 2.
(Dewi et al.
, 2.
The preparation of appropriate financial statements in accordance with these standards is very important to ensure that the business runs properly and efficiently, and complies with applicable regulations.
(Suryani et al.
, 2.
The preparation of financial statements for MSME actors is very useful to achieve business goals.
The purpose of this study is to find out how to prepare financial statements based on SAK EMKM at NYUCI Laundry and its obstacles.
RESEARCH METHOD
This research was conducted at the NYUCI Laundry in Bromo.
Medan Denai District.
North Sumatra Province.
The approach used is qualitative with a descriptive method.
This research is based on natural conditions and is as it is according to the phenomenon that occurs (Sugiyono, 2.
The qualitative data is the result of interviews with the owner of the NYUCI Loundry and the quantitative data is the financial statements for the period of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2024.
Primary data is a source of data that is directly obtained through the data collection process, such as interviews, observations, and documentation.
Primary data provide a real picture of the research object being studied.
Secondary data is a source of data that is not directly obtained but comes from documents, books, journals, and other references relevant to the research (Fadlol et al.
, 2.
Through interviews, researchers can explore how business owners interpret financial records, their purpose in compiling books, and the level of understanding of basic accounting concepts such as entity separation, income and expense recognition, and the function of financial statements.
This information helps explain why the recording practices performed often differ from the standards set by EMKM GAAP.
By comparing the statements of business owners with the normative provisions of EMKM GAAP, researchers can map the forms of conceptual gaps, both caused by limited accounting literacy, business experience, or the perception that accounting standards are too complex for the scale of their business.
Factors such as time constraints, human resources, costs, and business culture are often the main reasons for not fully implementing accounting standards.
The analysis process is carried out by: .
collecting financial data and supporting data.
managing data/data analysis.
make an analysis report.
provide conclusions and suggestions on the results of the analysis.
Analysis of financial statements on NYUCI LOUNDRY MSMEs based on financial accounting standards (SAKEMKM (Sri Liniart.
A ISSN 2476-8820 (Onlin.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS NYUCI Loundry is an MSME engaged in Clothes and Shoes washing services.
Mr.
Muhammad Irmanuddin is the owner of NYUCI Loundry since 2023 until now and has 6 employees.
The results of observations, interviews, and documentation were obtained that Loundry NYUCI compiled financial statements based on their understanding.
Based on the results of interviews with the owner of the laundry, the financial position report presents current assets in the form of cash in hand and banks.
Fixed assets are presented in the form of inventory, vehicles, but no accumulated depreciation is included.
Debt is presented in liabilities in the form of business debt and vehicle debt.
Equity is presented in the capital post in the form of business capital and profit for the current year.
NYUCI Loundry has receivables because most of its customers make payments upon settlement of The same thing is also done in the presentation of bank debt because NYUCI Loundry does not have a loan to the bank.
Based on the results of interviews with the owner of the Loundry, the profit and loss report presents income such as income from laundry transactions.
NYUCI
Loundry does not calculate the cost of goods sold to find out the company's gross profit while the tax burden does not exist.
The results of the interview show that Loundry NYUCI Niaga has not presented records of the financial statements so there is no statement that the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the SAK EMKM.
The financial statements that are currently prepared are only based on internal understanding without following applicable accounting Obstacles to the preparation of financial statements based on SAK EMKM.
Financial reporting according to SAK EMKM at NYCUI Laundry tends to face several obstacles.
For example, there is a lack of understanding of SAK EMKM, there is no socialization about SAK EMKM, and there is also no human resources in the field of accounting.
The lack of socialization causes EMKM GAAP to not be understood as a normative framework relevant to the needs of MSMEs, but is perceived as a technical, complicated, and only applicable standard for larger-scale businesses.
This perception structurally reduces the motivation of MSMEs to adopt accounting standards, so that noncompliance becomes a widespread and repetitive condition.
The quality of MSME financial information is low and not uniform.
Without systematic socialization.
MSMEs develop recordkeeping practices based on habits, personal experiences, or examples from fellow business actors.
This causes the absence of a common standard in the preparation of MSME financial statements, making it difficult to evaluate the process of evaluation, performance comparison, and business risk assessment by external parties.
In the long term, this weak financial information structure hinders the integration of MSMEs into the formal financial system, as well as having an impact on MSMEs' limited access to financing and business development programs.
Financial institutions need reliable and compliant financial statements to assess creditworthiness.
The financial reports shared by NYUCI Laundry only include eports that displaytheir financial standing and profit details.
According to SAK
EMKM,
a fair presentation of financial reports should have at least: .
a report that summarizes their financial status at the end of a reporting period.
a profit report for a specific period.
documents of financial reports, offering more details on specific, important things.
The preparation of the financial position report of the NYUCI Loundry has not been in accordance with the requirements of the SAK EMKM because there are several posts in the financial position report that have not been presented, for example, receivables and bank debts.
The NYUCI Loundry's profit and loss report is formatted following fundamental SAK EMKM guidelines, addressing elements such as revenue, financing costs, and tax obligations.
Within NYUCI Loundry, the creation of the income statement aligns with demands and pertinent classifications, facilitating comprehension of the entity's economic outcomes as stipulated by SAK EMKM.
(Berlian Afriansyah.
Upi Niarti, 2.
SAK EMKM mandates that financial statement documentation includes a declaration verifying their preparation aligns with SAK EMKM, a synopsis of accounting methodologies, and supplementary data and specifics regarding particular entries.
Consistent with (Hakim et al.
, 2.
, and (Mustika & Ferdila, 2.
Loundry Indonesia Accounting Research Journal.
Vol.
No.
2 December 2025, pp: 220-225 Indonesia Accounting Research Journal ISSN 2476-8820 (Onlin.
A NYUCI has not presented records of financial statements due to the tendency of lack of adequate information and knowledge.
Consistent with (Andayani et al.
, 2.
, there are several obstacles experienced in financial reporting based on SAK EMKM, namely: .
lack of understanding of SAK EMKM.
because there is no socialization about SAK EMKM.
do not have a workforce in the field of accounting who can present financial statements in accordance with the SAK EMKM.
Conclusion The financial statements presented by the NYUCI Loundry have not met the requirements of SAK EMKM because they have not yet contained a Record on Financial Statements (CaLK).
In detail, the findings of the financial statement components are as follows.
The presentation of the financial position report of Loundry NYUCI is not in accordance with SAK EMKM because there are no accounts receivable and debt posts of banks.
The presentation of the NYUCI Loundry profit and loss report is in accordance with the SAK EMKM because it meets the concept of NYUCI Loundry has not included CaLK in the financial statements which is one of the important elements according to the SAK EMKM.
This condition results in financial information that cannot be compared with similar entities.
There are 3 obstacles experienced by Loundry NYUCI in financial reporting according to SAK EMKM, namely: - Lack of understanding of SAK EMKM.
- There is no socialization about SAK EMKM.
- NYUCI Loundry does not have human resources in the accounting field to present financial statements in accordance with SAK EMKM.
CONCLUSION
The financial statements presented by the NYUCI Laundry have not met the requirements of SAK EMKM because they have not yet contained a Record on Financial Statements (CaLK).
In detail, the findings of the financial statement components are as follows: 1.
The presentation of the financial position report of Loundry NYUCI is not in accordance with SAK EMKM because there are no accounts receivable and debt posts of banks.
The presentation of the NYUCI Loundry profit and loss report is in accordance with the SAK EMKM because it meets the concept of relevance.
NYUCI
Loundry has not included CaLK in its financial statements which is one of the important elements according to SAK EMKM.
This condition results in financial information that cannot be compared with similar entities.
There are 3 obstacles experienced by Loundry NYUCI in financial reporting according to SAK EMKM, namely: - Lack of understanding of SAK EMKM.
- There is no socialization about SAK EMKM.
Ae NYUCI Laundry does not have human resources in the field of accounting to present financial statements in accordance with SAK EMKM.
This research helps MSMEs understand that financial recording and reporting is not just an administrative obligation, but a strategic tool to read business conditions more accurately, disciplined and structured according to the scale and characteristics of their business.
This research also contributes by simplifying the concepts of EMKM GAAP into practices that are applicable and easy to apply by MSMEs.
The recommendations produced, such as the separation of business and personal finance, evidence-based transaction recording, and the introduction of consistent simple financial statements, help MSMEs improve the quality of their financial information without having to add excessive burden.
Thus, the discipline of record-keeping is not seen as a complicated activity, but as part of the business management routine.
This research also plays a role in increasing MSMEs' awareness of the long-term benefits of good financial reporting.
By showing the direct impact of disciplined recording such as the ease of controlling costs, realistically assessing profits, and predicting cash flow.
MSMEs are encouraged to be more consistent in compiling financial This awareness is an important foundation for changing the behavior of business actors from just recording cash to compiling more informative and accountable financial reports.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
It is hoped that NYUCI Loundry MSMEs will prepare financial statements based on applicable regulations, namely using SAK EMKM.
This aims to enable NYUCI Laundry MSMEs to be able to find out complete information about all assets owned.
In addition, by preparing financial statements based on SAK EMKM in the future.
NYUCI Laundry MSMEs should archive all proof of transactions and make regular recordings, this aims to facilitate the preparation of financial Analysis of financial statements on NYUCI LOUNDRY MSMEs based on financial accounting standards (SAKEMKM (Sri Liniart.
A ISSN 2476-8820 (Onlin.
It is necessary to recruit competent human resources in the field of accounting to help
prepare financial statements and include bookkeeping training REFERENCES