JUATIKA
JURNAL AGRONOMI TANAMAN TROPIKA
VOL.
6 NO.
1 January 2024 DOI :https://doi.
org/10.
36378/juatika.
eissn 2656-1727 pissn 2684-785X Hal : 39 Ae 46 The Potential of Endophytic Fungi From Local Rice Genotypes of Kuantan Singingi in Improving Rice Plant Growth Desta Andriani*.
Seprido Universitas Islam Kuantan Singingi Jl.
Gatot Subroto KM 7.
Kebun Nenas.
Teluk Kuantan.
Sungai Jering.
Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi.
Riau 29511.
Indonesia *E-mail: andrianifito@gmail.
ABSTRACT
This study aims to investigate the potential of endophytic fungi derived from local genotypes of Pulut Karate and white Sisgam rice plants to enhance the growth of rice plants.
The research was conducted in a laboratory setting using an experimental approach.
Initially, the endophytic fungi were isolated from the rice plants of Pulut Karate and white lionfish genotypes, which were previously collected in another research project.
These fungi were then cultured on PDA media and incubated for seven days.
Subsequently, the germination and growth of rice seedlings inoculated with each endophytic fungus isolate were examined.
The growth parameters of the rice seedlings, including seed height, root length, and number of leaves, were carefully observed.
The findings of this research were presented in the form of data and images.
The results indicate that the seed germination rate ranged from 90% to Among all the isolates, isolate PB03 demonstrated the most significant impact on rice plant growth, as evidenced by its taller plant height .
03 c.
and longer root length .
27 c.
compared to the other isolates and the control group.
Keywords: endophytes, local genotypes, rice, triggers, growth Copyright A 2024.
The authors.
This is an open access article under the CC BY license .
ttps://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by/4.
Andriani et.
INTRODUCTION
As an agricultural nation.
Indonesia has the potential to enhance and advance its rice cultivation.
Rice holds a significant role in the lives of Indonesian people, and it is undeniable that this commodity has a profound impact on the political structure and national stability.
Insufficient rice production and low land productivity can Conversely, the demand for rice continues to rise in tandem with population growth.
Increasing and developing rice production is imperative to meet the expanding population's food requirements and revive local rice varieties (Nurmala, 2.
Farmers in Kuantan Singingi still cultivate local rice plants and employ local rice seeds .
This preference for local genotypes is due to the specific conditions of rice fields in Kuantan Singingi, where the crops are typically planted only once a year.
This is carried out due to the insufficient water system in farmers' rice fields, most of which rely on According to a study conducted by Ezward et al.
, there are 24 different local rice genotypes that the residents of Kuantan Singing cultivate extensively.
These local genotypes possess a higher resistance to abiotic stresses such as drought, floods, and poisoning, as well as biotic stresses like pest and disease The resistance of these genotypes to various stress conditions, both biotic and abiotic, is attributed to the symbiotic relationship between the plants and endophytic microbes, including endophytic fungi (Dewi et al.
Endophytic fungi typically reside within plant tissue without causing any harm to the host plant (Faeth, 2.
In a recent study exploring endophytic fungi in four local Kuantan singing rice genotypes during the generative phase, researchers Juatika Vol.
6 No.
discovered 22 isolates of endophytic fungi in the leaves, stems, and roots (Andriani et These endophytic fungi can produce metabolite compounds that act as growth regulators, including hormones like ethylene, auxin, and cytokinin.
Additionally, they can produce hydrolytic enzymes such as amylase, cellulase, xylanase, ligninase, and chitinase.
Apart from their role in enhancing plant growth .
lant growth promotio.
, the presence of endophytic fungi in plant tissue is also attributed to their ability to produce growth-promoting phosphate, and contribute to overall plant health .
lant health promotio.
A study conducted by Triwidodo et al.
demonstrated that the growth of rice seedlings in vitro was enhanced when they were inoculated with endophytic fungi.
Similarly.
Ramdan et al.
found that endophytic treatment resulted in increased plant height and root length of chili plants after being treated with endophytic fungi.
This research aims to evaluate the potential of endophytic fungi derived from local Kuantan singingi genotype rice plants in promoting the growth of rice plants.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The research was conducted at the FAPERTA UNIKS Basic Agricultural Laboratory.
Riau Province.
Jalan Gatot Subroto KM 7.
Kebun Nenas.
Kuantan Regency.
This research was carried out for eight months, from April 2023 to November Research Implementation This experimentally in the laboratory.
The results obtained are displayed in the form of data and images.
Then, the data is explained descriptively.
The flow of research activities is shown in the flow chart below.
Andriani et.
Juatika Vol.
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Rejuvenating endophytic fungal isolates Seed Germination Test Seedling Growth Test Seed Height Root Length Number of Leaves Figure 2.
Research Flow Diagram Research Implementation Then, ten rice seeds were germinated in a Rejuvenating pure culture of endophytic fungus isolate and incubated at room temperature for 14 Endophytic fungi from previous research isolated from 4 local genotypes of Observation Parameter the Kuantan Singingi district were Seed Germination Percentage rejuvenated on Potato Dexrose Agar The percentage of seed sprouts in Each isolate was grown on PDA endophytic fungi was observed after the media and incubated for seven days.
seeds were grown in each isolate, which Purification results will be used for further had been incubated at room temperature for seven days.
Then, the germination Rice Seed Germination Test percentage is calculated.
The data Seed germination tests on endophytic obtained is displayed in the form of tables fungi tested on rice seeds were carried out and images.
by surface sterilizing rice seeds gradually Seedling Height .
by soaking the seeds for 60 seconds in Seedling height was calculated after 70% ethanol, 3% NaCl for 60 seconds, and 14 days of incubation with each endophytic 70% ethanol for 30 seconds.
Then, they Seedling height was measured were rinsed four times with sterile distilled from the base of the stem to the longest As many as ten rice seeds The data obtained is displayed in germinated in a pure culture of endophytic graphical form.
fungus isolates and then incubated at room Root length .
temperature for seven days.
Root length was calculated after 14 Rice Seedling Growth Test days of incubation with each endophytic The seed growth test on endophytic The length was measured from the fungi was tested on rice seeds by gradually base of the root to the longest root.
The surface sterilizing the rice seeds by data obtained is displayed in graphical soaking the seeds for 60 seconds in 70% ethanol, 3% NaCl for 60 seconds, and 70% Number of leaves ethanol for 30 seconds.
Then, they were After 14 days of incubation with rinsed four times with sterile distilled water.
each endophytic fungus, the number of Andriani et.
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leaves was counted.
The data obtained is (Table .
Testing the germination of seeds displayed in graphical form.
on each isolate of endophytic fungi shows RESULT AND DISCUSSION that almost 100% of fungi can germinate 1 Seedability Percentage The percentage level of seeds in endophytic fungus, only in isolates SP13 each isolate of endophytic fungi of local and PP16, whose germination power is rice genotypes from Kuantan singingi has a high presentation level of 90-100% Table 1.
Percentage of Seed Germination in Endophytic Fungus Isolates of Local Rice
Genotypes from Kuantan Singingi Isolate Code
Seedability Percentage PB03
SP13
SB07
SB08
PB14
PD17
PP16
PB04
SP05
DP02
Seed germination testing also According to Kartika .
, indicates that the inoculated fungal isolate what is meant by sprouts with normal is not a pathogenic fungus or a potential growth is sprouts with good/perfect pathogenic fungus.
Pathogenic endophytic development of the root system, hypocotyl, fungi will cause seeds to be unable to plumula, and cotyledons without any germinate, while potentially pathogenic damage or abnormalities in the tissues.
fungi cause germinated seeds to grow Figure 2.
Seed germination test .
isolate PB03, b.
isolate SP13, c.
isolate SB07, d.
isolate SB08, e.
isolate PB14, f.
isolate PD14, g.
isolate PP16, h.
PB04, i.
isolate PD17 , j.
isolate DP02 Andriani et.
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The high seed germination rate indicates that the endophytic fungus isolate used is a non-pathogenic isolate .
eneficial fungu.
According to Sucipto et 2015, endophytic fungi from nonpathogenic rice plants function as growthpromoting fungi (PGPF) that can increase plant growth.
2 Seed Height The use of endophytic fungi can increase plant growth, including seedling Each endophytic fungus can increase the height of rice seedlings (Figure .
The results of growth tests based on plant height showed that all endophytic fungus isolates had a higher average than the control, which was 5.
cm (Figure .
The highest average plant height was in the PB03 isolate, which was 03 cm.
The lowest average height value was isolate PB14, which was 4.
04 cm.
According to Syukur et al.
endophytic fungi can increase plant fertility by helping application of nutrients and dissolving fixated nutrients such as phosphorus (P).
Plant Height
8,03
5,83
7,93
6,42 6,85
6,32
5,95
7,33
6,51 6,31
4,04
Figure 3.
Seed Height Chart Endophytic fungi are typically fungi that carry out mutualism symbiosis with their host plants.
Mei and Flinn 8 .
reported that endophytic fungi can improve plant nutrition.
The ability of endophytic fungi to increase plant growth depends on their ability to produce high amounts of growth-promoting metabolites (Ramdan et , 2.
Endophytic fungi play a very important role in the fertility of their host plants because they can function as biological fertilizers, biological control of pests and diseases, help absorb nutrients, decompose organic matter, and dissolve fixed nutrients such as phosphorus (P) (Rubini et al.
In the research of Triwidodo et al.
, the use of endophytic fungi from rice plant stems increased the height of rice plant seedlings to 9 cm on day 11.
This study measured seedling height on day ten after inoculation, with the highest seedling height of 8.
03 cm in the PB03 isolate 3 Root Length Endophytic fungi can increase plant growth, one of which is root length.
Each endophytic fungus can increase the roots of rice plants (Figure .
Apart from plant height, measuring root length affects plant Observation results: The root length of rice seedlings after inoculation Andriani et.
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with endophytic fungus isolates had varying root lengths.
Isolate PB03 had the highest average root length compared to the other isolates and controls, namely 27 cm, while the lowest average root length was found in isolate PB14, namely 5 cm (Figure .
Endophytic fungi also have the potential to stimulate root growth.
According to Ramdan et al.
, plant endophytic fungi can elongate the main roots and increase the number of root hairs and lateral roots.
Lateral roots can expand the area for nutrient absorption, resulting in nutritional needs being met more quickly, thereby increasing plant growth.
Root Length .
6,27 5,71 4,83 5,25 4,83 4,43 3,56 3,78 SP05
DP02
Kontrol PB03
SP13
SB07
SB08
PB14
PD17
PP16
PB04
Figure 4.
Root Length Chart Several endophytic fungi in plant tissue can also provide phosphate elements due to the activity of endophytic fungi, which can dissolve fixed phosphate Phosphorus plays an essential role in plant growth and development.
The primary function of P in plants is to store and transfer energy in the form of Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) and Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) (Liferdi.
Apart from that, phosphorus is also found in all plant cells, whose function is to form nucleic acids, stimulate cell division, and assist in assimilation and respiration.
The large important role that the P element plays means that this element must always be available in sufficient quantities so that plants grow well (Ardhana, 2.
Phosphates Lack of phosphate results in stunted plant growth.
Roots do not develop properly, and old leaves fall off quickly because phosphate in plants is mobile and moves from old to young leaves.
Endophytic fungi can trigger root development and additional lateral roots in plants due to the influence of the fungus' activity in dissolving phosphate.
Research by Ramdan et al.
found that 33% of endophytic fungus isolates from chili plants could increase root elongation of chili plant 4 Number of Leaves Endophytic fungi can increase plant growth, one of which is the increase in the number of leaves.
Each endophytic fungus can increase the number of leaves on rice plants (Figure .
The observation of the number of leaves of rice seedlings after being inoculated with endophytic fungus isolates has a varying number of leaves.
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Isolate PP16 has the highest average number of leaves compared to other isolates and the control, which amounted 6 .
In contrast, the lowest average number of leaves was found in isolate SP05 and control, which amounted 3 .
(Figure .
Total Leaf
3,6 3,4
Figure 5.
Leaf count graph In addition to height and increase in leaves corresponds to an increased ability root length, the number of leaves to photosynthesize compared to plants contributes to enhancing plant growth after with fewer leaves.
the inoculation with endophytic fungi.
According to Feronica et al.
, the CONCLUSION introduction of endophytic fungi to plants None of the endophytic fungi tends to result in an increase in the isolates obtained from local Kuantan number of leaves.
The absorption of Singingi rice genotypes exhibited any pathogenic or potentially pathogenic influenced by the number of leaves, which characteristics, as they did not hinder seed The germination rate of photosynthetic yield utilized by the plant.
inoculated seeds with these endophytic Marschner .
highlights that the fungi ranged from 100-90%.
Furthermore, plant's ability to produce assimilate is not all isolates demonstrated the ability to solely dependent on photosynthetic activity enhance the growth of rice seedlings, as but also on the size of the photosynthetic evidenced by increased plant height, root area, encompassing leaves, stems, and length, and number of leaves.
Among other green organs of the plant.
The leaf these isolates, the PB03 isolate proved to area of an individual plant is influenced by be the most effective in promoting the the leaf's position and the prevailing growth of rice plants, with a plant height of 03 cm and a root length of 6.
27 cm.
development, including environmental stressors such as low temperatures.
REFERENCE