THE ANALYSIS OF POSITIVE VERBAL REINFORCEMENT OF PRESERVICE TEACHER IN EFL CLASSROOM
ANALISIS KATA PENGUATAN YANG DIGUNAKAN OLEH GURU PPL DI
DALAM KELAS BAHASA INGGRIS
Maria Fatima Kolo dan Imanuel Kamlasi Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris.
Universitas Timor.
NTT Jalan km 09 Kelurahan Sasi Kefamenanu.
Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara.
NTT Surel: fatimakolo1997@gmail.
ikamlasi@yahoo.
(Makalah diterima tanggal 22 April 2020AiDisetujui tanggal 30 November 2.
Abstract: The objective of the study was to find out the types of positive verbal reinforcement used by an English pre-service teacher in the EFL classroom.
The study used a qualitative method.
This study involved an English teacher and students as The researcher used tape video recording to get the data.
transcription and codifying techniques were used to analyze the data.
The result showed that the teacher used three types of verbal reinforcement namely words, phrases, and sentences.
The researcher found out 27 words, 22 phrases, and 10 sentences of verbal reinforcement used by a teacher in the EFL classroom.
Keywords: positive, verbal, reinforcement Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menemukan jenis-jenis kata penguatan yang digunakan oleh guru PPL dalam kelas.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif.
Penelitian ini melibatkan seoarang guru PPL Bahasa Inggris dan siswa sebagai subjek Peneliti menggunakan teknik rekaman video untuk mengumpulkan data.
Peneliti menggunakan teknik transkripsi dan pengkodean untuk menganalisis data.
Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa guru PPL Bahasa Inggris menggunakan tiga jenis penguatan yaitu kata, frasa, dan kalimat.
Data menunjukan bahwa terdapat 27 kata, 22 frasa, dan 10 kalimat penguatan yang digunakan oleh guru PPL Bahasa Inggris di dalam kelas.
Kata kunci: positif, kata, penguatan JURNAL ByOBASAN.
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stated that teachers One of the basic abilities possessed by should use rewards only when they the teacher is the ability in teaching realize that their students are not This ability helps teachers in intrinsically motivated.
The students doing their responsibilities.
Teaching have self-confidence in the classroom skill is a specific ability that must be possessed by any teacher to be able to rewards for their capability.
Positive carry out teaching activities effectively, reinforcement is a good strategy to make efficiently, and professionally.
Thus the the students active in the class.
Usman basic teaching skills relating to some .
1: .
says that reinforcement is all fundamental and inherent abilities must forms of response, whether verbal or be possessed and actualized by every nonverbal which is part of teacher teacher in carrying out their duties.
One of them is a skill in giving reinforcement which aims to provide information or to students.
student feedback on the actions as an act Amstrong .
2: .
notes that of encouragement.
Reinforcement is a teaching skill is the ability to specify response to a behavior that can increase the likelihood of repetition of the diagnose students, and the ability to These actions are intended to interact with students also the ability to reward or encourage students so that reinforce in the classroom.
From the they are more active in participating in explanation above it can be concluded that teaching skills must be possessed by Reinforcement is any form of response the teacher.
It is hoped that the teacher that aims to provide information or can optimize their role in the classroom.
feedback to students for actions or So, teaching skills are things that teachers need to have from all fields of encouragement or correction.
Through reinforcement skills provided by the teacher, students will feel compelled to reinforcement in their class.
Thus.
Loi give a response every time a stimulus Every Analysesthe Positive Verbal Reinforcement (Maria Fatima Kolo, dk.
arises from the teacher, or students will two types of reinforcement namely avoid responses that are considered not positive reinforcement, which is praise In other words.
reinforcement is a response given by the teacher to a reinforcement, which is a punishment.
behavior or action of a student who is Based on the opinions of the considered positive and causes the experts above, it can be concluded that possibility of repetition or increases the reinforcement is a response given by the teacher to students both verbally and On another hand.
Winkielman nonverbally with the aim that the actions .
defines reinforcement as a taken by students that according to the stimulus, settings, and antecedent that teacher are good are likely to be strengthens behavior and increases the repeated and also aim to reward or encourage students, so a student will Reinforcement is a term of behavior always be motivated in the teaching and analysis for a process to increase the learning process.
From the theory behavior in the form of response above, it can be said that teaching skills and skills in reinforcing students must While according to Anitah be owned by the teacher because then .
9: .
reinforcement is a response students can actively participate in the given to behavior or deeds that are good teaching and learning process and also considered which can make a repeat or students feel motivated to always learn.
increase in behavior that is well In fact, at school teachers rarely reinforce the students.
Reinforcement learning activities The teacher feels that reinforcement have an important role in improving the is not an important thing that must be done or given to students and some time Praise or positive teacher response to teacher just gives negative reinforcement student behavior positively will make like a punishment to a student if a students feel happy because of the student makes a mistake in the teaching opinion they have the ability.
There are Positive JURNAL ByOBASAN.
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Edisi Desember 2020: 191Ai200 reinforcement is very important if the learners and the use of different motivational strategies, for example, especially in the classroom.
Because the motivational expressions, because those reinforcement given by the teacher can strategies can enhance the studentsAo increase student motivation in learning.
interest in learning.
The purposes of this study were to find Moreover, classroom teaching and out the types of positive reinforcement the questionnaire result show that that used by the teacher for students in students become more motivated toward the classroom to the second-year student learning the English language when they of MTs Nurul Falah Kefamenanu and to are positively reinforced in the class.
The results showed that it was a key for reinforcement stated by student teachers seeing the reasons for the failure of the in the classroom to the second-year students at schools and can be a key to make improvements in both areas.
MTs Nurul Falah was concluded that teachers must use Kefamenanu.
different motivational strategies for Literature Review students in teaching-learning activities.
Previous studieshave been conducted One of them is the teacher can use out on the investigation of positive verbal reinforcement used by the teacher in the classroom.
For example, some Tananuraksakui .
analyzed researchers have studied reinforcement.
the Power Distance Reduction and Manzoor, .
conducted Positive Reinforcement EFL LearnersAo research entitledAy Use of Motivational Confidence and Linguistic Identity.
The Expressions as Positive Reinforcement in Learning English at Primary Level in positive impacts on studentsAo levels of Rural Areas of PakistanAy.
The result of confidence in oral English communication their research showed that more than and attitudes towards teaching and 75% of teachers agree to the view that learning of English in some levels.
The there should be motivation in the results also found the implications for Analysesthe Positive Verbal Reinforcement (Maria Fatima Kolo, dk.
English teachers in not only the Thai a social or human problem.
The context but also in the Japanese and descriptive qualitative research design Korean contexts.
He conducted that was used to describe the types of positive reinforcement has a good positive verbal reinforcement given by impact on students and teachers.
the teacher to students.
This research Khaliq, et al .
research on was conducted at MTs Nurul Falah Role Reinforcement Kefamenanu.
Kab.
Timor Tengah Utara.
Punishment Learning English Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur.
There Language showed that participants are were a student-teacher and 30 students in favor of that teacher should be kind chosen as the participants in this and in a classroom audio-visual aids can The data of this research were script in the form of words, phrases, and Realizing sentences related to positive verbal reinforcement in the classroom.
reinforcement used by a teacher to researcher came to an idea to conduct a To obtain the data researcher study on Analyzing Positive Verbal used a tape recorder to make a recording Reinforcement of Student-Teacher in the EFL Classroom.
This present study The data were analyzed reinforcement used by the teacher in the categorizing, tabulating, and analyzing.
In transcribing, the researcher listened reinforcement cover words, phrases, and carefully to records then she transcribed them into written forms.
In codifying.
The the researcher codified words, phrases, and sentences used by a student-teacher Method of Research in the EFL classroom.
In tabulating the qualitative research.
Creswell .
researcher put the data into a table.
Then stated qualitative research is a means for analyzing, the researcher analyzed data based on categorized that researchers The meaning individuals or groups ascribe to made before.
JURNAL ByOBASAN.
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Edisi Desember 2020: 191Ai200 with the topic in the learning process Finding and Discussion of Research about descriptive text, especially about After applying research and collecting the tourism place.
The teacher used 27 the data.
then the researchers analyzed words, 22 phrases, and 10 sentences of the information gathered to know the positive verbal reinforcement given by Thus.
the teacher used more the teacher to students in the classroom.
words to give verbal reinforcement to The researchers divided them into the students when learning takes place.
EFL
table, which consists of words, phrases.
Table I Word Types of verbal Reinforcement and sentences used by the teacher while teaching and learning processes in the Chart I Types of Verbal Reinforcement Word Verbal Reinforcement Total Good Nice Great Excellent Brilliant Total Table I shows that the words used by the teacher give reinforcement to For reinforcement occurred when students answer the questions given by the teacher correctly or incorrectly.
Then in table II appears that the teacher only gives a few of the same words including This chart shows types of verbal reinforcement which consist of how As for the words good which many words, phrases, and sentences consists of 15 words, nice which were used by student teachers when she amounts to 5 words, great which gave verbal reinforcement to students amounts 4 words, excellent which Analysesthe Positive Verbal Reinforcement (Maria Fatima Kolo, dk.
amounts 2 words, and also brilliant teacher said yes, in NTT tepatnya di which 1 word.
Because of the number of pulau mana? One student answered words used by the teacher in reinforcing Pulau Flores, so in minute 10.
20-second students, the teacher says the word good teacher gives reinforcement to a student more than the other words.
with the word Nice.
Based on the data obtained by the researcher found that the teacher gives praise or reinforcement by saying the word good to students who dare to answer the simple questions given by the teacher.
For example, in sentences, the teacher said that well open your Table II Phrase Types of Verbal Reinforcement No Phrase Verbal Reinforcement Total 1 Well good 2 Well done 3 Yes, that is good 4 That's good 5 Good job Total book on pages fifty-two, who know fiftytwo? The students answered lima puluh dua, for that in minute 15.
50 second the teacher said good for students, or the teacher said ada yang tau which one itu apa? ok, coba open your dictionary and find out the word, which.
One of the students answered which yang berarti yang mana.
So in minute 13.
02 second, the teacher said good.
For the word nice, the teacher used it to students when students directly answered the question given by the teacher without thinking about the question, they just answer and the answer is correct, for example, the teacher asked Pulau Komodo yang ada di? The students answered together di NTT and then the Table II shows the phrase of verbal reinforcement used by the teacher to give reinforcement to students.
The table above shows that the teacher is very less use of phrases in reinforcing Some phrases used by the teacher to students including well good, well done, yes that is good, and thatAos As for the phrase well good which consists of 2, well done 1, yes, thatAos good which amount 1, thatAos good which amounts 2, a good job which amounts 1 and the last is very nice which amount 1.
These phrases were used by the teacher when the teacher asked students to do something and JURNAL ByOBASAN.
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For examples, the teacher asked one student to read a sentence that pointed by the teacher in Sentence Verbal Reinforcement Great, let's give applause for all of you Total whiteboard Tanjung Putting National Park is an internationally famous ecotourism destination and which is located in South West of Central Peninsula, after she read the teacher directly give reinforcement for her, the teacher said well good.
Another example 55 until 30.
24 seconds the teacher said that this material has a noun, adjective, and verb.
WhoAos know what are the difference of those words? Noun itu apa? adjective itu apa? Dan verb itu apa? In minute 30.
49-second one student raise his hand and answers the question noun itu kata kerja, adjective itu kata sifat dan verb itu kata So in minute 31.
12 second the teacher gives reinforcement, she said that good job Yos.
Total Table i shows the sentences of verbal reinforcement used by the teacher when giving reinforcement to students.
Those sentences in the table show that sentences to give reinforcement for students, so the students do not feel reinforcement or praise for them.
There reinforcement including letAos give a big applause which is 4.
Ok letAos give applause for all of you which is 1.
You are so right, which amount, you are so smart student which amount 1.
Ok I think all of you so smart which is 1, wow very nice, you are so right which is 1, and the last is great, letAos give applause for all of you which is 1.
The teacher gives those sentences when Table i Sentence Types of Verbal Reinforcement Sentence Verbal Reinforcement Let's give a big applause Ok, let's give applause for all of Total which the teacher thinks are a little difficult for students to answer and when students answer questions with You are so right You are so smart student very precise answers.
For example, from Ok.
I think all of you so smart 55 until 30.
24 seconds the teacher Wow very nice, you are so right said that this material has a noun.
Analysesthe Positive Verbal Reinforcement (Maria Fatima Kolo, dk.
adjective, and verb.
WhoAos know what References