Law and Economics ISSN 3026-1929 (Onlin.
| 1829-6688 (Prin.
Volume 19.
No.
2, 2025, pp.
Published by: Institute for Law and Economics Studies Analysis of the effect of facilities, accessibility, promotion, and price on tourist trust and satisfaction through tourist loyalty as a mediation variable on halal tourism in surakarta city Syifana Putri Yustisiana Pramesti 1.
Muzakar Isa2 1,2Management.
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Surakarta.
Indonesia Abstract: This study examines the influence of accessibility, facilities, pricing, and promotion on tourist trust and satisfaction, with loyalty as a mediating factor in halal tourism in Surakarta City.
Employing a quantitative approach, data were collected from 200 respondents through online questionnaires using a Likert scale.
Purposive sampling was utilized to select participants meeting specific criteria.
PLS-SEM was applied for data analysis due to its suitability for complex models.
Findings reveal that competitive pricing, adequate facilities, seamless accessibility, and effective promotions significantly enhance satisfaction and loyalty, which, in turn, strengthen trust.
Loyalty plays a crucial role in mediating these relationships.
Destination managers should focus on infrastructure improvements, digital marketing, and service optimization based on periodic visitor Future studies should explore the impact of cultural influences, environmental sustainability, and social media on tourist perceptions.
Keywords: Accessibility.
Facilities.
Loyalty.
Pricing.
Promotion.
Correspondence:
Nama: Syifana Putri Yustiana Pramesti Email: B100210147@student.
Received: Mar 01, 2025.
Revised: Mar 11, 2025.
Accepted: Apr 02, 2025.
Published: Jun 30, 2025.
Copyright: A 2025 by the authors.
Submitted for possible open access publication under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) .
ttps://creativecommons.
org/license s/by/4.
0/).
Law and Economics, 2025 Introduction The tourism sector has evolved into a highly lucrative industry, serving as a primary pillar of the global economy.
According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), in 2019, the tourism industry contributed USD 1.
839 trillion to the global GDP, equivalent to IDR 26,850 trillion (Adli, 2.
In Indonesia, tourism plays a pivotal role in generating foreign exchange earnings and fostering employment opportunities.
Additionally, this sector serves as a catalyst for economic growth at local, national, and international levels.
In 2018, tourism emerged as the fastest-growing economic sector, ranking as the second-largest foreign exchange contributor after the palm oil industry, with revenues amounting to USD 16.
426 billion (Isa & Indrayati, 2.
The Indonesian tourism industry extends beyond economic benefits, attracting investments and supporting small businesses while adhering to regulatory frameworks outlined in Law No.
10 of 2009 on Tourism (Isa.
Farid Wajdi, et al.
, 2.
As tourism continues to diversify, novel concepts have emerged, such as culinary tourism, religious tourism, nature-based tourism, and educational tourism.
Among these, halal tourism has gained traction as a strategic niche market.
Halal tourism encompasses travel experiences that align with Islamic principles, ensuring that accommodations, transportation, dining, recreational activities, and entertainment conform to halal standards (Isa.
Mangifera, et al.
, 2.
The Global Muslim Travel Index (GMTI) 2019 ranked top halal tourism destinations, encompassing both Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and non-OIC member countries.
This sector holds immense potential due to the growing global Muslim population.
Pew Research CenterAos report, "The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections 2010-2050," estimates that the global Muslim population will expand by 70% by 2060 (Alifa & Zahidi, 2.
Notably, halal tourism is not exclusively for Muslim travelers but is designed to appeal univer- https://journals.
id/index.
php/LE/index Law and Economics, 2025.
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The increasing demand for halal tourism underscores its significance within the global travel industry (Arvianto et al.
One of IndonesiaAos key halal tourism hubs is Central Java, particularly the city of Surakarta.
According to the 2024 BPS report.
Surakarta has been recognized as a leading halal tourism destination, supported by its substantial Muslim population of 528,044 The city offers diverse tourism attractions, ranging from religious and natural sites to educational and cultural experiences.
These attributes make Surakarta a preferred destination for both domestic and international travelers.
The integration of halal tourism within SurakartaAos economic framework presents a sustainable avenue for long-term tourism development, aligning with international halal travel standards (Agus Dwi Cahya et al.
, 2.
Halal tourism is structured based on the GMTI framework, which categorizes essential services into three tiers: "Need to Have," including halal food, prayer facilities, and Islamophobia-free environments.
"Good to Have," featuring Ramadan tourism packages and cultural experiences reflecting local Muslim traditions.
"Nice to Have," emphasizing privacy-oriented services and segregated non-halal amenities.
This approach ensures that halal tourism destinations cater to both Muslim and non-Muslim visitors while maintaining compliance with Islamic principles(Biswas et al.
Tourist loyalty is a fundamental factor in sustaining tourism destinations.
Loyalty signifies a travelerAos commitment to revisiting a destination and recommending it to others, thereby reinforcing the financial stability and longevity of tourism enterprises (Che et al.
, 2.
Multiple determinants influence tourist loyalty, including memorable travel experiences facilitated by high-quality infrastructure (Confetto et al.
, 2.
Additionally, the 4A frameworkAiAttraction.
Accessibility.
Amenity, and Ancillary servicesAiplays a crucial role in enhancing tourist retention (Fahmi et al.
, 2.
Trust is another critical component influencing tourist loyalty.
A well-managed tourism destination fosters visitor confidence, leading to heightened satisfaction and an increased likelihood of return visits (Hermanto et al.
, 2.
Trust in tourism is shaped by previous travel experiences, service quality, and overall customer satisfaction (Kurniawati, 2.
Tourists who place high trust in a destination are more likely to experience positive sentiments and revisit the location, further amplifying the tourism sectorAos economic contributions.
Materials and Methods 1 Empirical Literature Review Facilities refer to the physical resources that must be in place before a service can be provided to consumers.
In the service sector, their significance is undeniable, as aspects such as facility condition, architectural design, and cleanliness influence customer experience.
Tourism facilities encompass infrastructure designed to accommodate visitor needs, ensuring their comfort and engagement in various activities.
Key indicators assessing facility quality include completeness, ensuring all necessities are available.
functionality, guaranteeing optimal performance.
accessibility, allowing effortless usage.
cleanliness, maintaining order and aesthetic appeal (Nurdiana & Santoso, 2.
Accessibility pertains to the ease with which tourists can reach a destination via transportation networks.
It encompasses multiple factors that enhance convenience, security, and time efficiency in travel.
Good accessibility minimizes mobility constraints, including both physical barriers like road infrastructure and public utilities, as well as non-physical barriers such as access to employment, education, and legal services.
Regardless of a destinationAos appeal, its growth remains stunted without adequate transport Transportation and communication are thus pivotal in tourism operations, as seamless accessibility is essential for the development and intersectoral integration of tourist destinations (Juansya et al.
, 2.
Promotion is the strategic dissemination of information aimed at attracting potential consumers to purchase products or services, ultimately driving sales growth.
In tourism, promotional efforts stimulate interest and influence travel decisions through various Law and Economics, 2025.
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Effective marketing communication is vital in shaping destination attractiveness.
Thus, continuous and consistent promotional activities are necessary to sustain tourist interest.
The promotional mix consists of several components: advertising, sales promotion, direct marketing, public relations, personal selling, and digital marketing, all of which contribute to enhancing tourism appeal (Katerina et al.
, 2.
Price represents the monetary value exchanged by consumers to acquire a product or It significantly impacts business sustainability and the appeal of a tourist destination.
Pricing strategies are categorized into three main methods: cost-based pricing, competitor-based pricing, and demand-based pricing.
Determining an optimal price is crucial for profitability and brand positioning.
According to Tjiptono, pricing objectives include profit orientation, volume-based pricing, image positioning, and price stability, all of which influence market competitiveness (Leiras & Eusybio, 2.
Trust is a conscious reliance on a service provider, acknowledging potential risks while expecting reliability.
In tourism, trust signifies a visitorAos confidence in a destination, shaped by service quality and facilities.
To foster trust, tourism operators must ensure that the expectations they set align with actual experiences, as discrepancies can lead to dissatisfaction.
Satisfied tourists who trust a destination are more likely to return and recommend it to others, thus strengthening long-term relationships between travelers and tourism providers (Listyawati & Wulandari, 2.
Loyalty in tourism refers to a visitorAos inclination to revisit a destination and recommend it to others.
A highly loyal tourist exhibits behaviors such as repeat visits, prolonged stays, and positive word-of-mouth promotion.
Loyalty measurement includes three key indicators: continued patronage, increased spending, and willingness to endorse the destination.
Understanding what drives tourist loyalty is essential for sustaining long-term industry success (Mahardika, 2020.
Meidina et al.
, 2022.
Ningtiyas & Alvianna, 2.
Satisfaction is the outcome of comparing pre-purchase expectations with actual experiences.
It determines whether a product or service meets, exceeds, or falls short of consumer expectations.
In tourism, visitor satisfaction manifests in three aspects: expectation alignment, intention to revisit, and willingness to recommend.
A satisfied tourist is more likely to return and share their positive experience, reinforcing the reputation of a destination (Novitasari et al.
, 2.
2 Method This study employs a quantitative research approach aimed at testing theories, establishing facts, identifying variable relationships, providing statistical explanations, and predicting outcomes.
The sample consists of 200 visitors to halal tourism destinations in Surakarta.
The population includes all residents who have visited such destinations, with sampling conducted using purposive sampling, selecting individuals based on predefined criteria.
The independent variables include facilities, accessibility, promotion, and pricing, while tourist satisfaction acts as the dependent variable, with loyalty serving as a mediating variable.
Facilities encompass physical resources essential for tourism services, accessibility pertains to ease of reaching destinations, promotion involves various marketing strategies, and pricing influences consumer purchasing decisions.
Tourist trust and satisfaction determine visitor experience, impacting loyalty, which manifests through repeat visits, recommendations, and resistance to competitors.
Primary data is collected via questionnaires distributed online using a Likert scale, while secondary data is sourced from literature and documentation.
Data analysis employs descriptive statistics and PLS-SEM, chosen for its predictive capabilities, suitability for complex models, and ability to handle small samples.
Validity and reliability are assessed using outer loading.
CronbachAos Alpha, and composite reliability.
Structural model evaluation examines the relationships among variables using R-square values and bootstrapping, while measurement model assessment ensures convergent and discriminant validity.
Hypothesis testing determines the significance of relationships, with acceptance or rejection based on statistical thresholds.
Law and Economics, 2025.
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109 of 13 To enhance the examination of long-term effects, future research can adopt a longitudinal approach to track tourist loyalty over time, assessing how sustained marketing efforts influence repeat visits and advocacy.
Additionally, this study utilized a structured questionnaire consisting of 30 questions, each designed to measure specific indicators related to facilities, accessibility, promotion, pricing, trust, satisfaction, and loyalty.
The indicators were adapted from previous studies and refined to fit the halal tourism context.
Before full deployment, a pilot test was conducted on 30 respondents to evaluate clarity, reliability, and validity, ensuring that the questions were well understood and provided consistent results.
Necessary modifications were made based on respondent feedback to enhance the instrumentAos effectiveness.
Results and Discussion 1 Respondent Data Description Characteristic Age Gender Education Level Occupation Domicile Income Halal Tourism Experience Visit Frequency Factors Influencing Visits Table 1.
RespondentsAo Characteristics Category Frequency < 20 years 21-29 years > 30 years Male Female Primary/Secondary School Diploma (D1.
D2.
Bachelor's Degree (S.
Master's Degree (S.
Doctorate (S.
Student Private Employee Entrepreneur Freelancer Civil Servant/Military/Police Healthcare Worker Educator Housewife Unemployed Others Central Java Jakarta West Java East Java Yogyakarta Banten North Sumatra South Kalimantan < IDR 1,000,000 IDR 1,000,001 Ae 3,000,000 IDR 3,000,001 Ae 5,000,000 > IDR 5,000,000 Yes Percentage (%) 1-3 times 4-6 times 7-9 times > 10 times Facilities Accessibility Promotion Price Tourist Trust Tourist Satisfaction Tourist Loyalty Source: Processed data, 2025 The respondent demographics indicate that the majority .
%) fall within the productive age group of 21-29 years.
Gender distribution is relatively balanced, with 51.
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5% male respondents.
Most respondents .
%) hold a bachelor's degree, while students .
5%) dominate the occupational category.
Central Java is the most represented domicile .
%).
In terms of income, 32% earn below IDR 1,000,000 per month, while only 15.
5% earn above IDR 5,000,000.
All respondents have visited halal tourism destinations in Surakarta, with 44% having visited 1-3 times.
Promotion .
%) and price .
%) are the primary factors influencing visits, highlighting the importance of marketing strategies and affordability in attracting tourists.
2 Data analysis Descriptive Statistics of Research Variables Table 2.
Descriptive Statistics Results of Research Variables Variable Facilities (X.
Ie Tourist Trust (Y.
Facilities (X.
Ie Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Facilities (X.
Ie Tourist Loyalty (M) Accessibility (X.
Ie Tourist Trust (Y.
Accessibility (X.
Ie Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Accessibility (X.
Ie Tourist Loyalty (M) Promotion (X.
Ie Tourist Trust (Y.
Promotion (X.
Ie Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Promotion (X.
Ie Tourist Loyalty (M) Price (X.
Ie Tourist Trust (Y.
Price (X.
Ie Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Price (X.
Ie Tourist Loyalty (M) Tourist Loyalty (M) y Facilities (X.
Ie Tourist Trust (Y.
Tourist Loyalty (M) y Facilities (X.
Ie Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Tourist Loyalty (M) y Accessibility (X.
Ie Tourist Trust (Y.
Tourist Loyalty (M) y Accessibility (X.
Ie Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Tourist Loyalty (M) y Promotion (X.
Ie Tourist Trust (Y.
Tourist Loyalty (M) y Promotion (X.
Ie Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Tourist Loyalty (M) y Price (X.
Ie Tourist Trust (Y.
Tourist Loyalty (M) y Price (X.
Ie Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Source: Processed data, 2025 Original Sample (O) Sample Mean (M) Standard Deviation (STDEV) Based on the table, the Original Sample (O) represents the direct relationship coefficient between variables, while the Sample Mean (M) reflects the average value obtained through bootstrapping.
The Standard Deviation (STDEV) signifies data dispersion relative to the mean.
Findings indicate that promotion (X.
exerts the most substantial influence on tourist trust (Y.
, with an O value of 0.
345 and an M of 0.
Conversely, the weakest impact stems from the interaction between tourist loyalty and pricing (X.
on trust (Y.
, marked by an O value of 0.
178 and an STDEV of 0.
Overall, these results underscore that elements such as amenities, accessibility, promotion, and pricing contribute to shaping tourist trust, satisfaction, and loyalty, both directly and through the moderating effect of loyalty.
3 Data Quality Test (SmartPLS 4 Outpu.
Outer Loading Table 3.
Outer Loading Results A1 <- Accessibility (X.
A2 <- Accessibility (X.
A3 <- Accessibility (X.
A4 <- Accessibility (X.
A5 <- Accessibility (X.
F1 <- Facility (X.
F2 <- Facility (X.
F3 <- Facility (X.
F4 <- Facility (X.
Outer loadings Law and Economics, 2025.
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111 of 13 H1 <- Price (X.
H2 <- Price (X.
H3 <- Price (X.
Kew1 <- Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Kew2 <- Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Kew3 <- Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Kw1 <- Tourist Confidence (Y.
Kw2 <- Tourist Confidence (Y.
Kw3 <- Tourist Confidence (Y.
Kw4 <- Tourist Confidence (Y.
Kw5 <- Tourist Confidence (Y.
Lw1 <- Tourist Loyalty (M) Lw2 <- Tourist Loyalty (M) Lw3 <- Tourist Loyalty (M) Lw4 <- Tourist Loyalty (M) Lw5 <- Tourist Loyalty (M) P1 <- Promotion (X.
P2 <- Promotion (X.
P3 <- Promotion (X.
P4 <- Promotion (X.
P5 <- Promotion (X.
Source: Processed data, 2025 The SmartPLS 4 analysis indicates that most indicators in this study exhibit Outer Loading values that meet validity requirements, ranging from 0.
707 to 0.
The Accessibility variable (X.
has Outer Loading values between 0.
707 and 0.
872, with the lowest indicator (A.
707, which is still within the minimum validity threshold.
The Facility variable (X.
ranges from 0.
793 to 0.
879, while the Price variable (X.
falls between 0.
Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
demonstrates the highest validity, with values spanning from 0.
888 to 0.
916, indicating strong representation of its construct.
Meanwhile.
Tourist Trust (Y.
scores between 0.
789 and 0.
871, and Tourist Loyalty (M) ranges from 751 to 0.
Lastly, the Promotion variable (X.
shows strong Outer Loading values 790 and 0.
These findings confirm that all indicators satisfy the recommended validity criteria, although A1 in Accessibility is at the threshold of 0.
However, since it exceeds the required benchmark, it remains valid for further analysis.
Thus, the Outer Loading validity test affirms that this research instrument is robust and suitable for use.
Average Variance Extracted (AVE) Table 4.
Results of Average Variance Extracted Average variance extracted (AVE) Accessibility (X.
Facilities (X.
Price (X.
Tourist Confidence (Y.
Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Tourist Loyalty (M) Promotion (X.
Source: Processed data, 2025 All variables in this study exhibit an Average Variance Extracted (AVE) exceeding the recommended threshold of 0.
50, confirming strong convergent validity across constructs.
The highest AVE is observed in Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
819, indicating that its indicators effectively represent the construct.
The Price variable (X.
records an AVE 710, followed by Tourist Trust (Y.
and Facilities (X.
703 each.
Meanwhile.
Promotion (X.
has an AVE of 0.
Accessibility (X.
672, and Tourist Loyalty (M) reports the lowest at 0.
These findings substantiate that all constructs demonstrate robust convergent validity, ensuring their suitability for further analysis.
Cross Loading Law and Economics, 2025.
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112 of 13 The cross-loading analysis confirms that all indicators exhibit the highest loading values on their respective variables, ensuring discriminant validity.
Facilities (X.
indicators range from 0.
793 to 0.
879, with the highest correlation within their construct.
Accessibility (X.
indicators also demonstrate strong validity, with values between 0.
Promotion (X.
indicators maintain the highest loadings within their construct, with values spanning from 0.
79 to 0.
Price (X.
indicators range from 0.
786 to 903, confirming their distinct contribution.
Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
indicators, with values between 0.
888 and 0.
916, are well-defined within their construct.
Tourist Trust (Y.
indicators range from 0.
789 to 0.
871, demonstrating strong differentiation.
Lastly.
Tourist Loyalty (M) indicators show values between 0.
751 and 0.
846, reinforcing their discriminant validity.
The findings affirm that each construct is distinct, with indicators measuring only their intended variable, fulfilling the criteria for discriminant validity in this study.
4 Reliability Test (Cronbach's Alpha and Composite Reliabilit.
Variable Accessibility (X.
Facilities (X.
Price (X.
Tourist Trust (Y.
Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Tourist Loyalty (M) Promotion (X.
Table 5.
Reliability Test Results Cronbach's Composite ReliaAlpha bility (CR) Remark Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid Source: Processed data, 2025 All variables exhibit CronbachAos Alpha and Composite Reliability values exceeding 70, signifying strong internal coherence and dependable measurement of each construct.
This confirms that the research instrument adheres to reliability standards, ensuring the credibility of data analysis outcomes for informed decision-making.
5 Structural Model Evaluation (Inner Mode.
R-Square Test (RA) Tourist Trust (Y.
Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Tourist Loyalty (M) Table 6.
R-Square Test Results R-square R-square adjusted Source: Processed data, 2025 The model employed in this study demonstrates strong predictive capability, as indicated by the R-Square results.
The RA value of 0.
861 for Tourist Trust (Y.
implies that 1% of its variability is accounted for by the independent variables, while the remainder is influenced by external factors.
Similarly.
Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
exhibits an RA of 837, signifying that 83.
7% of its fluctuations are elucidated by the model.
Furthermore.
Tourist Loyalty (M) holds an RA of 0.
752, indicating that 75.
2% of its variance is attributable to the model.
The consistently high RA values affirm the robustness of the research framework in capturing the interrelationships among the studied variables.
F-Square .
A) Test for Effect Influence Table 7.
F-Square Test Results Relationship fA (Revise.
Accessibility (X.
Ie Tourist Trust (Y.
Accessibility (X.
Ie Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Accessibility (X.
Ie Tourist Loyalty (M) Facilities (X.
Ie Tourist Trust (Y.
Facilities (X.
Ie Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Description Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid Law and Economics, 2025.
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113 of 13 Facilities (X.
Ie Tourist Loyalty (M) Price (X.
Ie Tourist Trust (Y.
Price (X.
Ie Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Price (X.
Ie Tourist Loyalty (M) Tourist Loyalty (M) Ie Tourist Trust (Y.
Tourist Loyalty (M) Ie Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Promotion (X.
Ie Tourist Trust (Y.
Promotion (X.
Ie Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Promotion (X.
Ie Tourist Loyalty (M) Tourist Loyalty (M) y Facilities (X.
Ie Tourist Trust (Y.
Tourist Loyalty (M) y Facilities (X.
Ie Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Tourist Loyalty (M) y Accessibility (X.
Ie Tourist Trust (Y.
Tourist Loyalty (M) y Accessibility (X.
Ie Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Tourist Loyalty (M) y Promotion (X.
Ie Tourist Trust (Y.
Tourist Loyalty (M) y Promotion (X.
Ie Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Tourist Loyalty (M) y Price (X.
Ie Tourist Trust (Y.
Tourist Loyalty (M) y Price (X.
Ie Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid Valid Source: Processed data, 2025 Based on the F-Square test results, most inter-variable relationships exhibit a valid impact within this research model.
Some variables exert a stronger influence than others.
For instance.
Facilities (X.
significantly enhance Tourist Trust (Y.
with an fA value of 236, indicating a notable effect.
Likewise.
Tourist Loyalty (M) substantially affects Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
with an fA value of 0.
150, underscoring its considerable role.
Conversely, variables like Accessibility (X.
Promotion (X.
, and Price (X.
display fA values ranging from 0.
02 to 0.
068, signifying moderate to minor effects.
Despite varying influence levels, these factors remain integral to the model.
This suggests that refining facilities and promotional strategies holds greater weight in bolstering trust, satisfaction, and loyalty among halal tourists in Surakarta compared to accessibility and pricing adjustments.
Path Coefficient Test Table 8.
Path Coefficient Test Results Variable Facilities (X.
Ie Tourist Confidence (Y.
Facilities (X.
Ie Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Facilities (X.
Ie Tourist Loyalty (M) Accessibility (X.
Ie Tourist Confidence (Y.
Accessibility (X.
Ie Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Accessibility (X.
Ie Tourist Loyalty (M) Promotion (X.
Ie Tourist Confidence (Y.
Promotion (X.
Ie Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Promotion (X.
Ie Tourist Loyalty (M) Price (X.
Ie Tourist Confidence (Y.
Price (X.
Ie Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Price (X.
Ie Tourist Loyalty (M) Tourist Loyalty (M) y Facilities (X.
Ie Tourist Confidence (Y.
Tourist Loyalty (M) y Facilities (X.
Ie Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Tourist Loyalty (M) y Accessibility (X.
Ie Tourist Confidence (Y.
Tourist Loyalty (M) y Accessibility (X.
Ie Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Tourist Loyalty (M) y Promotion (X.
Ie Tourist Confidence (Y.
Tourist Loyalty (M) y Promotion (X.
Ie Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
Tourist Loyalty (M) y Price (X.
Ie Tourist Confidence (Y.
Tourist Loyalty (M) y Price (X.
Ie Tourist Satisfaction (Y.
T-Statistic P-Values Source: Processed data, 2025 The analysis results indicate that all variable relationships exhibit a significant effect, as evidenced by t-statistics exceeding 1.
96 and p-values below 0.
This finding signifies that infrastructure quality, ease of access, promotional strategies, and pricing structures substantially influence tourists' trust and satisfaction.
Moreover, visitor loyalty serves as a mediating factor that strengthens these relationships.
These insights suggest that en- Law and Economics, 2025.
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6 Discussion Facilities Significantly Influence Tourist Trust The analysis results indicate that facilities have a significant impact on tourist trust, with a T-Statistic of 2.
351 and a P-Value of 0.
Well-established facilities elevate visitor confidence in a destination, as they reflect the quality of services provided.
Tourists are more inclined to trust locations that offer comprehensive, comfortable, and well-maintained amenities, aligning with their expectations.
This finding aligns with (Nugraha et al.
, 2.
, who emphasize that superior facilities enhance consumer trust by delivering satisfying experiences and reducing uncertainty in decision-making.
Accessibility Significantly Affects Tourist Trust Empirical findings reveal that accessibility substantially influences tourist trust, with a T-Statistic of 2.
512 and a P-Value of 0.
Convenient access, including well-developed infrastructure, readily available public transport, and clear travel information, enhances touristsAo confidence in a destination.
When reaching a location is effortless, visitors are more assured of their choice and more likely to recommend it.
This is consistent with (Nurina.
Bahtiar Efendi, 2.
, who highlight that accessibility is a key factor in strengthening consumer trust, as it fosters a sense of security and convenience during Promotion Plays a Crucial Role in Tourist Trust Promotional efforts significantly affect tourist trust, as evidenced by a T-Statistic of 765 and a P-Value of 0.
Effective promotional strategies, including compelling advertisements, credible testimonials, and transparent marketing campaigns, build tourist When information about a destination is clear and trustworthy, travelers are more inclined to visit.
Additionally, promotions that accurately reflect on-site experiences further reinforce trust.
This supports (Bayu Permadi et al.
, 2.
, who assert that strategic promotions not only attract tourists but also sustain their trust over time.
Pricing Has a Significant Impact on Tourist Trust Findings indicate that pricing significantly affects tourist trust, with a T-Statistic of 845 and a P-Value of 0.
Competitive and fair pricing fosters trust, as tourists expect costs to align with service quality.
When the price reflects the value of the experience provided, visitors feel more confident and are more likely to recommend the destination.
Conversely, disproportionate pricing leads to dissatisfaction and diminished trust.
This aligns with (Qiao et al.
, 2.
, who posits that transparent and reasonable pricing enhances consumer confidence by creating a perception of fair value.
Facilities Significantly Affect Tourist Satisfaction The study demonstrates that facilities significantly influence tourist satisfaction, with a T-Statistic of 2.
210 and a P-Value of 0.
Sufficient amenities, such as rest areas, clean restrooms, visitor information centers, and efficient transportation, contribute to an enjoyable travel experience.
Facilities that cater to comfort, hygiene, and accessibility enhance visitor satisfaction, increasing their likelihood of return visits and positive reviews.
This finding supports (Situmorang & Pane, 2.
, who asserts that customer satisfaction is heavily determined by facility quality, as well-equipped destinations meet expectations and elevate overall visitor experience.
Accessibility Significantly Influences Tourist Satisfaction The analysis confirms that accessibility has a substantial impact on tourist satisfaction, with a T-Statistic of 2.
104 and a P-Value of 0.
Destinations that are easily reachable whether by private vehicles or public transportationAioffer a more pleasant experience for travelers.
Efficient road networks, available transport options, and clear directional signs minimize travel difficulties, improving visitor convenience.
Those who Law and Economics, 2025.
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This corroborates (Taroreh et al.
, 2.
, who emphasize that seamless accessibility enhances consumer satisfaction by ensuring a more effortless and enjoyable trip.
Promotion Significantly Influences Tourist Satisfaction The analysis reveals that promotion has a substantial impact on tourist satisfaction, with a T-Statistic of 2.
987 and a P-Value of 0.
Effective marketing strategies, including social media campaigns, discount programs, and engaging advertisements, shape tourists' expectations before visiting a destination.
When promotional content aligns with the actual experience, tourists develop trust and satisfaction.
Conversely, exaggerated promotions can lead to disappointment.
Hence, transparent and realistic promotional efforts are essential in fostering tourist satisfaction, aligning with (Daffa & Ratnasari, 2.
, who assert that well-crafted promotions not only attract tourists but also enhance satisfaction by setting realistic expectations.
Price Significantly Affects Tourist Satisfaction Findings indicate that pricing plays a crucial role in determining tourist satisfaction, evidenced by a T-Statistic of 2.
201 and a P-Value of 0.
Reasonable pricing, proportional to service quality, enhances the tourist experience.
When tourists perceive value for their expenditure, satisfaction levels increase.
Conversely, excessively high prices without commensurate service improvements may trigger dissatisfaction and deter repeat visits.
Therefore, a competitive and justifiable pricing strategy is vital in tourism This supports (Wisnawa, 2.
, who emphasizes that fair pricing enhances customer satisfaction by reinforcing the perception of value.
Facilities Significantly Influence Tourist Loyalty The study demonstrates that facilities significantly affect tourist loyalty, with a T-Statistic of 2.
451 and a P-Value of 0.
Comprehensive and high-quality amenities, such as ample parking, clean restrooms, and comfortable resting areas, enhance the tourist experience.
Tourists satisfied with available facilities are more inclined to revisit.
This aligns with (Wulandari et al.
, 2.
, who suggests that superior facilities create repeated positive experiences, fostering long-term loyalty.
Accessibility Significantly Influences Tourist Loyalty Analysis confirms that accessibility considerably impacts tourist loyalty, with a T-Statistic of 2.
412 and a P-Value of 0.
Convenient transportation, well-maintained roads, and clear navigation services enhance travel ease, encouraging return visits.
Additionally, seamless accessibility promotes positive word-of-mouth recommendations.
These findings support Parasuraman et al.
, who highlight that optimal accessibility enhances not only satisfaction but also long-term customer loyalty.
Promotion Significantly Affects Tourist Loyalty Promotional efforts substantially influence tourist loyalty, as indicated by a T-Statistic of 2.
401 and a P-Value of 0.
Engaging marketing strategies, including discounts and loyalty programs, strengthen tourists' emotional connection to a destination.
Consistent, truthful promotions reinforce trust, encouraging repeat visits.
This aligns with (Zhang et al.
, 2.
, who argue that effective promotion sustains customer engagement and loyalty by providing added value.
Price Significantly Influences Tourist Loyalty Data shows that pricing significantly affects tourist loyalty, with a T-Statistic of 2.
and a P-Value of 0.
Competitive pricing that aligns with service quality encourages repeat visits.
When tourists perceive pricing fairness, they are more likely to return.
Conversely, overpricing without enhanced service deters loyalty.
(Ahmad, 2.
supports this, stating that well-balanced pricing cultivates long-term customer retention by maintaining satisfaction.
Facilities Affect Tourist Trust Through Loyalty Law and Economics, 2025.
Vol.
No.
116 of 13 Research findings indicate that facilities influence tourist trust through loyalty, evidenced by a T-Statistic of 3.
102 and a P-Value of 0.
High-quality amenities foster satisfaction, leading to loyalty, which in turn strengthens trust.
When tourists consistently experience well-maintained facilities, their confidence in a destination grows.
(Cahyono, 2.
supports this, suggesting that repeat positive experiences establish trust through customer loyalty.
Promotion Affects Tourist Trust Through Loyalty Promotional efforts significantly impact tourist trust via loyalty, with a T-Statistic of 212 and a P-Value of 0.
Transparent marketing strategies, including discount schemes and loyalty programs, enhance touristsAo attachment to a destination.
Consistency between promotional content and reality fosters long-term trust.
This is in line with (Hamid, 2.
, who states that brand loyalty directly strengthens customer trust.
Accessibility Affects Tourist Trust Through Loyalty Accessibility is found to significantly affect tourist trust through loyalty, with a T-Statistic of 2.
157 and a P-Value of 0.
Efficient transportation networks, clear navigation systems, and smooth travel experiences contribute to tourist loyalty, ultimately reinforcing trust.
(Pratiwi G.
, 2.
highlight that seamless accessibility fosters long-term confidence in a destination.
Price Affects Tourist Trust Through Loyalty The study finds that pricing significantly impacts tourist trust through loyalty, with a T-Statistic of 2.
105 and a P-Value of 0.
Fair and competitive pricing enhances satisfaction, leading to increased loyalty, which subsequently strengthens trust.
When tourists feel their expenditure is justified, they are more likely to revisit.
This aligns with (Tamara et al.
, 2.
, who asserts that well-structured pricing promotes sustained trust through customer retention.
Facilities Affect Tourist Satisfaction Through Loyalty The analysis reveals that facilities significantly affect tourist satisfaction through loyalty, with a T-Statistic of 2.
302 and a P-Value of 0.
Satisfied tourists tend to be more loyal, ultimately enhancing their overall satisfaction.
Abdurrohman, .
emphasize that high-quality facilities not only provide direct satisfaction but also reinforce loyalty, which in turn amplifies the overall tourist experience.
Promotion Significantly Influences Tourist Satisfaction Through Loyalty Research findings indicate that promotion exerts a significant impact on tourist satisfaction via loyalty, with a T-Statistic of 2.
334 and a P-Value of 0.
This implies that a well-structured promotional strategy fosters tourist loyalty, ultimately enhancing their satisfaction with a destination.
When promotional efforts align with actual experiences, tourists develop a stronger attachment, leading to greater satisfaction.
This outcome aligns with the study by (Arvianto et al.
, 2.
, which emphasizes that credible and consistent promotion cultivates loyalty and indirectly enhances customer satisfaction.
Accessibility Significantly Affects Tourist Satisfaction Through Loyalty Hypothesis testing reveals that accessibility substantially influences tourist satisfaction through loyalty, with a T-Statistic of 2.
512 and a P-Value of 0.
This signifies that seamless access to a destination strengthens tourist commitment, which subsequently boosts their overall satisfaction.
Well-developed infrastructure and efficient transportation systems enhance convenience, making tourists more inclined to revisit, thus elevating satisfaction levels.
These findings support the research by (Hermanto et al.
, 2.
which highlights that accessibility plays a pivotal role in shaping positive experiences, ultimately affecting satisfaction and loyalty.
Price Significantly Impacts Tourist Satisfaction Through Loyalty Empirical results demonstrate that price significantly affects tourist satisfaction through loyalty, with a T-Statistic of 2.
318 and a P-Value of 0.
Competitive pricing that aligns with service quality encourages repeat visits, reinforcing loyalty and contrib- Law and Economics, 2025.
Vol.
No.
117 of 13 uting to higher satisfaction.
When tourists perceive that the cost paid is commensurate with the amenities and services received, they are more likely to return and recommend the destination to others.
This conclusion is consistent with (Pratiwi G.
, 2.
, who asserts that price perception influences customer loyalty, ultimately shaping overall satisfaction.
Conclusions This study highlights that pricing, amenities, accessibility, and promotion significantly impact tourist trust, satisfaction, and loyalty.
Competitive pricing boosts satisfaction and loyalty, reinforcing trust.
Quality facilities and seamless accessibility enhance visitor experience, strengthening commitment to the destination.
Effective promotions attract tourists while increasing satisfaction and retention.
These factors are interrelated, with satisfaction and loyalty mediating trust.
Destination managers should adopt fair pricing, improve infrastructure, ensure accessibility, and leverage digital marketing.
Regular satisfaction assessments are essential for service optimization.
Future research should explore cultural, environmental, and social media influences on tourist perceptions.
In terms of marketing strategies and infrastructure development, it is crucial to implement an inclusive approach that attracts non-Muslim tourists while maintaining the principles of halal tourism.
This can be achieved by offering clear information on halal-certified services without restricting general accessibility, providing diverse accommodation options, and ensuring that promotional efforts emphasize cultural inclusivity.
Additionally, infrastructure improvements should focus on universal accessibility, catering to all tourists regardless of religious background.
However, this study has limitations, particularly in its scope of analysis, which focuses primarily on economic and service-related factors.
Future studies should incorporate broader sociocultural perspectives to better understand how different tourist demographics perceive and engage with halal tourism destinations.
References