TRANSLATION METHODS AND ITS QUALITY IN MUNIBA MAZARIAoS AuWE ALL ARE PERFECTLY IMPERFECTAy SPEECH TRANSLATION Putri Zhafirah Ansar1* Universitas Nasional (UNAS).
Jakarta.
Indonesia putzhans@gmail.
Zuhron2 Universitas Nasional (UNAS).
Jakarta.
Indonesia zuhron@civitas.
ABSTRACT
This research examined the classification of translation method of Newmark .
used by the translator in translating AuWe All Are Perfectly ImperfectAy speech by Muniba Mazari .
and the translation quality assessment by referring to NababanAos theory.
This research used descriptive qualitative word.
The data were collected through documentation, because the data were taken from Muniba MazariAos AuWe All Are Perfectly ImperfectAy speech translation by Paja Tapuih .
n form of The result of this research indicate that six out of eight translation methods were applied in this research with Literal Translation as the most dominant method used.
There are 277 data with Literal Translation method, 48 data with Communicative Translation method, 31 data with Faithful Translation method, 29 data with Word for Word Translation method, 10 data with Semantic Translation method, and 6 data with Free Translation method.
Besides, the researcher also assess the quality of its translation with the methods used by the translator which refers to this three aspects, namely aspects of accuracy, aspects of acceptability and aspects of readability.
Keywords: translation, methods, quality assessment INTRODUCTION People use language to communicate with other people, to express their feelings, and to accomplish their daily By using a given language, people may be able to understand each other, but language or linguistic diversity can make the process of communication Therefore, translation is needed to overcome the difficulties of Translation activities certainly require translation methods.
Translation method is used for analyzing and classifying equivalent translation from the source language to the target language.
translating a text, translators are expected to produce translation results as equal as According to Larson .
, translation is transferring the meaning of the source language into the receptor This is done by going from the form of the first language to the form of a second language by way of semantic Based upon Nida & TaberAos point of view .
, anything which can be said in one language can be said in It is possible to translate as long as the goal is to keep the meaning It is often necessary to change the form when translating in order that the source language meaning not be Essentially, speech is something important for everyone to deliver their thinking or even their opinion formally.
Speech is a technique of using words or language effectively which requires skills in choosing words that can affect the And to make the audience understand the context of the speech, especially for non-natives, they usually use it, the translation methods.
As Nida & Taber .
pointed out, the form of the original text is often changed, but as long as the changes follows the rules of in the source language, the message is preserved and the translation will be faithful.
So, to achieve good quality translation of text, the translator needs to pay attention to the context and content of the source It is not easy to achieve good translation quality accurately, but it can be pointed out that good translation can be achieved if the translation contains meaning that are similar to or as similar as possible to the original text.
When it is done well, meaning of the source text can be conveyed into the target text as natural as possible without compromising the authenticity of the source text.
For example, if the source language.
AuMany people came to rescue.
They drag me out of the car.
Ay and it is translated into AuBanyak orang datang untuk Mereka menyeret saya keluar dari mobil.
Ay.
Hence, it is categorized as Word-for-Word Translation Word-for-Word translation tend to transfer message from target language by its common meaning without changing any grammatical structure, the target language exactly placed under the source language .
ased on Peter NewmarkAos classification of translation method.
Therefore, the translator requires a translation method in translating a spoken or written language.
Basically, method is a plan and a systematic way of doing When translating a spoken or written language, the translator have to plan whether to eliminate difficult terms that might cause difficulties for the target reader or not.
Here, the researcher chooses Muniba MazariAos speech because as we all know.
Muniba MazariAos words never fail to impress and inspire people in the way she intends to.
She is not only an artist, first wheel chair model, an activist, a writer but also a motivational speaker, plays her role very efficiently.
Muniba has also been selected as a U.
goodwill ambassador in Pakistan and she is working for women empowerment across the country.
Lots of people see inspiration in her life story.
Based on the previous explanation, the researcher is interested in how the contained in Muniba MazariAos We All Are Perfectly Imperfect speech in translating it, and pays attention to the translation method used by the translator .
eferring to NewmarkAos classification of translation metho.
and then sees the quality of the translation based on NababanAos quality LITERATURE REVIEW 1 NewmarkAos Translation Methods In order to produce a high quality translation product, methods are needed to be applied.
Methods will help translators in doing the translation.
Newmark .
introduced two different emphasis of the translation method.
The first one is SL .
ource languag.
emphasis means that when the translator translate the text she or he follow what is common in the source language, such as the structure, the lexis, and the culture of the source language.
There are .
Word-forword Translation, transfer message from target language by its common meaning without changing any grammatical structure, the target language exactly placed under the source language.
Literal Translation, the source language grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest target language equivalents, but the lexical words are again translated singly, out of context.
Faithful Translation, attempts to produce contextual meaning of text of source language although it contempt the grammatical structure of target language.
Semantic Translation, focuses on looking for the equivalent of word with the bound of language of source language culture and attempts to divert contextual meaning of source language as close as possible with syntactic and semantic structure of target language.
While the second one is TL .
arget languag.
emphasis means the translator follows the target language such as the structure, the lexis, and the culture to make the readers comprehend the translation text more.
There are .
Adaptation Translation, attempts to change the culture of source language to the culture of target The product of this translation does not considered as translation but as product of rewriting message from source language to target language.
It is usually used to translate drama script and poem.
Free Translation, produces target text that does not have style, content or form of source text.
Also, this method is not bound on rule to find the equivalent of words or sentences.
Idiomatic Translation, attempts to reproduce the message of source text but breaks the meaning because of the usage of colloquial or idiom although both of them do not exist in the source language.
Communicative Translation, attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of the original in such a way that both content and language are readily acceptable and comprehensible to the 2 Translation Quality Assessment Translation quality assessment is focused on three main things: the accuracy of transferring message, the accuracy of expressing message into the target language, and the language naturalness of the translation.
In order word, it can be said quality of a translation is the degree of accuracy, acceptability, and readability.
Accuracy.
Accurate scores 3, the word meanings, phrases, clauses, sentences or accurately to the target text.
there are no meaning distortions.
Less Accurate scores 2, the word meanings, any technical terms, phrases, clauses, or sentences in the soure text are transferred accurately to the target language but there are still meaning distortions or double meaning translation .
or deleted meaning which interfere the integrity of the text.
Inaccurate scores 1, the word meanings, technical terms, phrases, clauses, sentences or source language are not conveyed accurately in the target text.
Acceptability.
Acceptable scores 3, the translations are natural.
terms used are common and familiar to the reader.
phrases, clauses, and sentences in the source text are associated with the principles of Indonesian language.
Less Acceptable scores 2, the translation already natural.
however there are few problems in the use of the technical terms or grammatical Unacceptable scores 1, the translation sounds unnatural.
the words, phrases, clauses, and sentences used are inappropriate and not familiar to the readers, not associated with the rules of target language.
Readability.
High Level Readability scores 3, the readers can easily understand the words, the technical terms, phrases, clauses, sentences or the whole translated texts.
Medium Level Readability scores 2, the readers can understand the translation.
but there are certain parts that require the readers to read the translated texts more than once to acknowledge the translation.
Low Level Readability scores 1, the translated texts are difficult to understand by the readers.
hard to comprehend.
3 PREVIOUS STUDIES
In order to support the analysis of this research, the researcher used some previous journals or studies which are similar with this research.
The first previous study is by Puspita .
, needed as a reference to describe the translation methods by Newmark.
Secondly is written by Herlambang .
, needed as a reference to assess the translation whether it was equivalent and Third study is by Nafisah.
Hartono.
Yuliastri .
, needed as a reference to find the relation between the translation methods and the degrees of Fourth study is written by Trisyianti .
, needed as a reference to find out and describe the translation process in translating a text.
RESEARCH METHOD
This research used the descriptive qualitative method.
The data presented in The attempted to observe translation methods and its quality in Muniba MazariAos AuWe All Are Perfectly ImperfectAy speech translation by Paja Tapuih.
The researcher classifies the step-by-step in collecting the data, there are : .
Watch Muniba MazariAos (We All Are Perfectly Imperfec.
speech on youtube.
Read the translation by Paja Tapuih from English to Indonesian.
Search and scan the utterances.
Sort out all utterances or sentences that contain NewmarkAos translation methods.
Besides, the researcher did the analysis based on the three current flows of activity by (Miles and Huberman, 1.
There are Data Reduction.
Here, the researcher watch and listen to the speech carefully, then select and categorize the methods and the quality of the translation.
Data Display, the researcher display which utterances used NewmarkAos translation methods, what categories of translation methods, why is it categorized as its category of translation methods, and how is the quality of the translation.
Conclusion Drawing and Verification, the researcher conclude the result of the research based on NewmarkAos methods of translation and the quality of translation theories that are applied.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
1 Result There are six classifications out of eight translation methods used in the speech translation, with a total of 401 data, including word-for-word translation method, literal translation method, communicative translation method, free translation method, faithful translation The assessment of the translation quality shows that 9 out of 29 data of them are not translated accurately into Indonesian Language also not The rest of the data are accurately translated.
While in terms of readability, 5 out of 29 data are in low level readability.
2 Discussion Word-for-word Translation Data 01:
Source Language Target Language And stayed Dan saya tetap The translation method used here is Word for Word Translation since in this method, sentences will be translated one word after another in sequence regardless of the context.
According to Newmark .
, word for word translation method often demonstrated as interlinear translation with the target language immediately below the source language words .
According to KII.
AuinterlinearAy means Aodiantara baris.
translation terjemahan diantara baris-baris.
\nAo .
The source language construction of words AuAnd I stayed quiet.
Ay is translated similarly to the target language text AuDan saya tetap Ay.
The word AuAndAy in KII means AodanAo .
AuIAy means AosayaAo .
AustayedAy means AotinggalAo.
The word AotinggalAo has a synonym AomenetapAo in Kamus Lengkap Bahasa Indonesia .
The word AumenetapAy has the root of AotetapAo.
stated in Kamus Lengkap Bahasa Indonesia.
The word AutetapAy also has the same meaning with AotinggalAo .
Whereas in KII, the word AuquietAy means Ao2 diamAo .
According to NababanAos Translation Quality Assessments Parameters .
the score of this translation quality in terms of accuracy is 3 .
because the word meanings transferred accurately into the target language, there is no distortion of meaning.
The score of acceptability is 3 .
, the translated texts are familiar to the reader so it is The score of translation quality in terms of readability is 3 .
because every word can be understood easily by the readers.
Literal Translation Data 02:
Source Language They call me to disable.
I call myself differently Target Language Mereka memanggil saya saya berbeda The translation of a phrase in a source language AuAdifferently ableAy into target language AuAberbedaAy uses Literal Translation.
According to KII.
AudifferentlyAy means Aoberlainan, berbedaAo AuableAy means Ao1 dapat, bisa, sanggup, mampu.
2 cakap, menunjukkan kecakapan.
\nAo.
77, p.
The translator omit the translation of the word able in the target language, because if it is applied, then the translation of the phrase will be Audapat berbedaAy.
According to Newmark .
, in literal translation the grammatical constructions of source language are converted into their nearest target language equivalents .
The data above is translated using Literal Translation method because the translator tries to make it sound natural in the target language.
preserves the grammatical structures of the SL where they are translated into nearest TL The translator translate the phrase Audifferently ableAy into AuberbedaAy.
It is translated into one word only rather converted the word order in the source language to the two which seems more acceptable in the target language The accuracy of its translation, the word meanings are translated accurately into the target language and no distortion in meaning so it is scored 3 .
The score of translation quality in terms of acceptability is also 3 .
because the source language is translated naturally.
And for the readability, the quality of translation method used is identified as high level readability because the terms applied are easy to understand by the readers (Nababan, 2.
The data above classified as Literal Translation method.
In KII, the word AuthatAy means AoituAo .
AubumpyAy means AobergelombangAo .
, and AurideAy means Aoperjalanan dengan mobilAo .
This method usually applied if the structure of source language sentence is different from the structure of the target It shows that the phrase AuAthat bumpy rideAAy was translated into the closest equivalent, that is AuAperjalanan bergelombang ituAAy so the readers get the context of the text easily.
The accuracy of its translation scores 3 .
because the meaning of the sentences are transferred accurately into the target language.
The score for acceptability is also 3 .
because the terms are in commonly used and familiar to the readers.
In terms of readability scores 3 .
because the result of the translation is easy to understand by the readers (Nababan, 2.
Data 03:
Source Language And bumpy ride.
Communicative Translation Data 04:
Source Language Target Language You make money.
Anda Target Language Dan saya masih ingat perjalanan bergelombang itu.
The translation of a phrase in a source language AuAthat bumpy rideAAy into AuAperjalanan ituAAy Literal Translation.
According to Newmark .
, the grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest target language equivalents .
Furthermore.
Catford .
stated that literal translation may start, as it were, from a word for word translation, but make changes in conformity with target language grammar .
inserting additional words, changing structures at any rank, et.
The translation of a word in a source language AuAmakeAAy into target language AuAmenghasilkanAAy uses Communicative Translation.
Newmark .
stated that communicative translation attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of the original in such a way that both content and language are readily acceptable and comprehensible to the readership .
According to Oxford LearnerAos Pocket Dictionary .
, the word AumakeAy means Aoconstruct, produce or prepare existence.
cause something to exist, happen or be doneAo .
The word AuproduceAy in KII means AomenghasilkanAo .
and works as transitive verb.
that needs to transfer its action to something Ae used with a direct object (Oxford LearnerAos Pocket Dictionary, 2.
Here, money is the object.
Datum above was identified using Communicative Translation as the Here, the target language becoming the main concern because it supposed to be easily understood by the So that the translator translated the word AumakeAy into AumenghasilkanAy not AumembuatAy to be easily accepted by the readers.
The accuracy of the translation method used was categorized as very accurate or scored 3 .
because there is no distortion of meaning here.
For the acceptability, the quality of translation is also scored 3 .
or categorized as acceptable because the translation sounds natural.
While in terms of readability, the quality of translation is readable because the readers can easily get the meaning of the translation without reading it more than once (Nababan, 2.
Semantic Translation Data 05:
Source Language Target Language That I Hari decided.
I am memutuskan, aku going to fight my akan On the data above, the phrase AyAfight my fearsAAy was translated into AyAmelawan ketakutankuAAy Semantic Translation method which is rendered closely from source to target Acording to Newmark .
in his book A Textbook of Translation, semantic translation take more account of the aesthetic value, compromising on AomeaningAo where appropriate so that no assonance, word-play or repetition jars in the target text .
The translator preserves the aesthetic value of the text dealing with the method used in this According to KII, the word AufightAy has a meaning AomelawanAo .
mentioned in Oxford LearnerAos Pocket Dictionary .
AufightAy means Aoact of fighting against somebody/something, desire or ability to keep fighting for somethingAo .
And AosomethingAo here refers to Aumy fearsAy.
In KII.
AufearAy means Ao1 ketakutanAo .
The score of translation in terms of accuracy is 3 .
because the source language, specifically the phrase are accurately transferred into the target language, there is absolutely no meaning The score of translation in terms of acceptability is also 3 .
and considered acceptable because the translation sounds very natural.
And the score of translation in terms of readability is also 3 .
, considered as high level readability because the readers can understand the phrase and the translated text easily (Nababan, 2.
Faithful Translation Data 06:
Source Language Target Language I was on the verge Saya berada di of dis-pare.
ambang dis-pare.
The method applied on this data is Faithful Translation.
According to Newmark in his book A Textbook of Translation .
, faithful translation attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the original within the constrains of the target language grammatical structures.
It also attempts to be completely faithful to the intentions and the text-realisation of the source language writer .
The translator retain the original terms of the source language to the target The phrase AuAverge of dispareAAy was translated into AuAambang dis-pareAAy.
According to Oxford LearnerAos Pocket Dictionary .
, the phrase Auon the verge of .
somethingAy categorized as idiom which means Aovery near to the moment when somebody does something or something happensAo .
In KII, the word AuvergeAy means Ao1 pinggir .
f a clif.
2 ambangAo .
However in this case, it is classifies as Faithful Translation method because the translator did not translate the word AudispareAy correctly.
The translator did not change the meaning in the target The word Audis-pareAy remains the same so the meaning of the text was The translation quality in terms of accuracy is inaccurate or scored 1, the technical terms in the source language are not accurately transferred into the target The translation quality in terms of acceptability is also scored 1, it is unaccepptable because the translations are not natural at all.
And for the translation quality in terms of readability categorized in low level readability because the readers can not understand the context of the translation (Nababan.
Free Translation Data 07:
Source Language Target Language I was in the Aku berada di of antah berantah.
The data above included as Free Translation method because the structure of the source text is different from the target text.
The message in the source text can be delivered in the target text, although the grammatical structure between the source and target text are According to Newmark in his book A Textbook of Translation .
, free translation reproduces the matter without the manner, or the content without the form of the original .
According to Cambridge Dictionary Online, the phrase Auin the middle of nowhereAy means Aofar away from any towns and cities and where few people liveAo.
As mentioned in Oxford LearnerAos Pocket Dictionary .
AunowhereAy means Aonot in or to any placeAo .
Referring to KBBI Web, the phrase Aoantah berantahAo means Aonegeri yang tidak disebut .
nama dan tempatnyaAo.
In KII.
AunowhereAy means Aotidak dimanapun jugaAo .
Here, the translator deliberately translates it freely, but the meaning of the context is The accuracy of the translation method used was categorized as accurate because there is absolutely no meaning distortions, the word meanings and the technical terms in source text are accurately transferred into the target For the acceptability, the quality of translation also categorized as acceptable because the translation sounds natural.
And in terms of readability, the quality of translation is readable because the readers can get the meaning of the translated text easily (Nababan, 2.
Data 08:
Source Language WhatAos the point? Target Language Apa gunanya? As mentioned by Newmark in his book A Textbook of Translation .
, free translation reproduces the matter without the manner, or the content without the form of the original .
Here, the translator wants to deliver the message as clearly as possible, so the reader could catch the meaning of the utterance itself.
That is why data number 76 was identified using Free Translation as the method.
The sentence AuWhatAos the point?Ay was translated into AuApa gunanya?Ay.
The translator decided to translate the word Authe pointAy into AugunanyaAy, which clearly it has no similar meaning from the source language to the target language.
According Oxford LearnerAos Pocket Dictionary .
, the word AupointAy means Aopurpose or aim of somethingAo .
While in KKI.
AupointAy has much meanings, but in this context.
AupointAy means Ao11 perlunya, gunanya.
Ao .
The accuracy of the translation method used was categorized as accurate because the word meanings in source text are accurately transferred into the target For the acceptability, the quality of translation also categorized as acceptable because the translation sounds natural by using common words.
And in terms of readability, the quality of translation is readable because the readers can easily get the meaning of the translated text (Nababan, 2.
CONCLUSION
This research analyzes the translation method and its quality in Muniba MazariAos AuWe All Are Perfectly ImperfectAy Speech Translation by Paja Tapuih.
Out of 401 data, 29 data were taken from Paja TapuihAos speech translation and have been analyzed by using the main theories to answer the questions of this research.
NewmarkAos method is used to identified the methods of translation and NababanAos quality assessment to assess the quality of the translation.
Six classifications out of eight translation methods are found in this research with the most dominant methods applied by the translator is Literal Translation with 277 data.
Afterwards, the raters indicate the result of the translation quality assessment shows that it is contained at an accurate level, acceptable level, and high readable Most of the data shows that it is contained at an accurate level, an acceptable level, and have high-level In conclusion, the method of translation is very important to be used as a reference in translating literary works.
the method used to translate is equitable, then the quality of the translation will be acceptable and well received by the From what has been explained in this research, the researcher highly recommend to other researchers who are interested in analyzing similar topic for using another object such as movie script, songs, also novel to collect another type of translation methods.
References