ORLI 2025 Volume 55 No.
1 :14-18
The saccharin test in chronic rhinosinusitis Research The saccharin test in chronic rhinosinusitis at Dr.
Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang Iriana Maharani.
Sarah Tamania Tallane Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.
Faculty of Medicine.
Brawijaya University/ Dr.
Saiful Anwar General Hospital.
Malang
ABSTRACT
Background: The mucociliary system is the main defense mechanism in the respiratory tract as a protector from various particles, including bacteria.
The mucociliary system will cause germs that enter to be expelled by coughing or swallowing.
This system is greatly affected by many factors, such as respiratory tract infections, inflammation .
, smoking habits, and pollutants.
If the mucociliary system is not in good condition, the clearance time will be prolonged.
Evaluation method to determine the function of the mucociliary system is the saccharin test, which is non-invasive, easily reproducible, low cost, and does not require special expertise to perform.
Purpose: To know the timing of the saccharin test in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patient.
Method: Observational descriptive study with a cross-sectional design to find the timing of the saccharin test in CRS at ENT Department Dr.
Saiful Anwar General Hospital from January-December 2023.
Result: The most common finding was normal saccharin time in 46 patients .
%), and prolonged saccharin time in 5 patients .
%).
The average saccharin time in chronic rhinosinusitis patients is 7.
5A5.
Most of patients were chronic rhinosinusitis without polyp .
%) with average saccharin test were 7.
1A5.
87, and majority were both non polyp and non-allergic rhinitis .
%) with average 8.
2A6.
Conclusion: Saccharin test could be abnormal in chronic rhinosinusitis, but overall patients with chronic rhinosinusitis had a normal average saccharin time, on both polyp and non-polyp rhinosinusitis.
The results also showed that the saccharin test time was longer in chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps.
Keywords: mucociliary system, rhinosinusitis, saccharin test
ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Sistem mukosilier merupakan mekanisme pertahanan utama pada saluran pernafasan sebagai pelindung dari berbagai partikel, termasuk bakteri.
Sistem mukosilier dapat mengeluarkan kuman yang masuk melalui proses batuk, atau tertelan.
Sistem ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, seperti infeksi saluran pernapasan, peradangan .
, kebiasaan merokok, dan polutan.
Jika sistem mukosilier tidak dalam kondisi baik, maka waktu pembersihan akan lebih lama.
Metode evaluasi untuk mengetahui fungsi sistem mukosilier adalah dengan uji sakarin, yang bersifat non-invasif, mudah direproduksi, biaya rendah, dan tidak memerlukan keahlian khusus untuk melakukannya.
Tujuan: Menilai sistem mukosilier pada rinosinusitis kronis.
Metode: Penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan desain potong lintang, untuk melihat lama waktu uji sakarin pada pasien rinosinusitis kronis, di bagian THT RSUD Dr.
Saiful Anwar, pada Januari-Desember 2023.
Hasil: Temuan terbanyak adalah waktu uji sakarin normal pada 46 pasien .
%), dan uji sakarin berkepanjangan pada 5 pasien .
%).
Rerata uji sakarin pada pasien rinosinusitis kronis adalah 5A5.
Sebagian besar pasien adalah rinosinusitis kronis tanpa polip .
%) dengan rerata uji sakarin 1A5.
87, dan mayoritas adalah non polip dan non rinitis alergi .
%) dengan rerata 8.
2A6.
Kesimpulan: Uji sakarin dapat menjadi abnormal pada rinosinusitis kronis, namun secara keseluruhan pasien dengan rinosinusitis kronis memiliki rerata waktu uji sakarin normal, baik pada rinosinusitis polip maupun non-polip.
Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa waktu uji sakarin lebih lama pada rinosinusitis kronis dengan polip.
ORLI 2025 Volume 55 No.
The saccharin test in chronic rhinosinusitis Kata kunci: sistem mukosilier, rinosinusitis, uji sakarin Correspondence address: Sarah Tamania Tallane.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.
Faculty of Medicine.
Brawijaya University/ Dr.
Saiful Anwar General Hospital.
Malang.
Email:
tallanesarah@gmail.
INTRODUCTION
The surface of the human respiratory tract is always exposed to various particles and microorganisms which can have a negative effect on health.
The mucociliary system is the main defense mechanism in the respiratory tract as protection from various particles, including bacteria.
The mucociliary system will cause germs that enter to be expelled by coughing or swallowing.
The effectiveness of the mucociliary defense system depends on two main mechanisms, first the ciliary transport and second the mucus secretion systems.
3 These two systems will work together to prevent particles from entering further into the Mucus is useful for retaining inhaled microorganisms, and the cilia will continue to move regularly to drain the mucus towards the nasopharynx.
The function of the mucociliary system is not always in good condition.
The work of this system can be influenced by various things, including acute upper respiratory tract infections, inflammation .
, smoking habits, and pollutants.
2,3 If the mucociliary system is not in good condition, the time required for this system to carry out its duties will be prolonged.
The pathophysiology of obstruction of the mucociliary system depends on the disease.
rhinosinusitis, for example, the inflammatory process produces cytokines that inhibit ciliary pulsation and excess mucus production.
Meanwhile, patients with nasal polyps cause a reduction in the ciliated epithelium.
These processes then disrupt the mucociliary system in the nose, causing the nose to take longer to carry out the AucleaningAy process.
Evaluation of the mucociliary system is performed for clinical and functional screening of individuals.
One well-known method for determining the function of the mucociliary system is the saccharin test.
The saccharin test is used to evaluate mucociliary clearance as they are noninvasive, easily reproducible, with low cost, and non-toxic.
It is a very simple procedure by placing only small particles of saccharin into the nasal mucosa, and further instructs the subject to report when they noted any bitter-sweet taste, and recording the time it The prolonged time is interpreted when patients need more than 10 minutes to feel the sweet sensation.
METHOD
This was a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design to examine the timing of the saccharin test in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients at Dr.
Saiful Anwar General Hospital (DASHG).
Malang, in the period January 2023-December 2023.
This research was carried out at DSAHG Malang, in April 2024 using patient medical record data for the period January 2023-December 2023.
The inclusion criteria in this study were patients who underwent a saccharin test during the research period as an evaluation of the timing of the mucociliary system at DSAGH Malang, and the exclusion criteria were incomplete medical record data.
The saccharine tablet .
pproximately 5 m.
was put on inferior turbinate.
The times of sweet taste perceived was noted.
ORLI 2025 Volume 55 No.
The saccharin test in chronic rhinosinusitis Throughout the test, subjects were instructed to avoid to sniff, sneeze, eat, drink, walk, talk, cough, scratch, or blow their nose.
Data collected included age, gender, main complaint, and diagnosis of chronic This study was approved by the ethical committee of the Dr.
Saiful Anwar General Hospital (No: 400/179/K.
3/102.
7/2.
RESULT
The number of chronic rhinosinusitis sufferers who underwent a saccharin test in Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS) Dr.
Saiful Anwar General Hospital, in the period January 2023-December 2023 were 46 patients.
The research results were presented by describing the characteristics of age, gender, complaints, and diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis, with or without polyps.
Table 1.
Characteristics of research subjects Characteristics Age .
Mean A SD Age group 18-27 y o 28-37 y o 38-47 y o 48-57 y o Gender Female Male Symptoms Runny nose Sneeze Blocked nose Headache n (%) 40 A16.
The characteristics of the research subjects are shown in Table 1.
In this study, the mean age of patients was 40A16.
15 years with most of the patients were between age The demographics of the research subjects are shown in the table.
Female gender dominated the group of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, while most of the patient came to clinic with symptoms blocked nose dominated their complains.
Table 2.
Nasal mucociliary clearance results for Percent/mean Normal .
-20 minut.
5A5.
Prolonged (>20 minut.
CRS with Polyp 14A5.
CRS Non-Polyp 1A5.
CRS with Polyp AR CRS with Polyp NAR 3A2.
CRS non-Polyp AR 8A4.
CRS non-Polyp NAR 2A6.
Saccharin *AR: allergic rhinitis NAR: non-allergic rhinitis From the data in Table 2, the average saccharin test was found to be 7.
5A5.
demographics of 41 patients with normal saccharin test results, and 5 patients with prolonged results (>20 minute.
The data was grouped again into CRS with nasal polyp and CRS without nasal polyp, and the mean result was 10.
14A5.
for CRS with polyp, and 7.
1A5.
87 CRS nonpolyp.
Cross tabulation was carried out and the results were obtained for CRS with polyp and allergic rhinitis (AR) as 14.
CRS with polyp and non-AR patients, the result was 3A2.
CRS non-polyp and allergic rhinitis 8A4.
CRS non-polyp and non-allergic (NAR) as 8.
2A61.
ORLI 2025 Volume 55 No.
DISCUSSION