Page 1 of 9 - Cover Page Submission ID trn:oid:::3618:125228517 m@gmail.
5511-Article Text-22858-1-4-20251221 Leadership and Management in Education 3 Document Details Submission ID trn:oid:::3618:125228517 6 Pages Submission Date 1,652 Words Dec 27, 2025, 4:22 PM GMT 7 10,399 Characters Download Date Dec 27, 2025, 4:23 PM GMT 7 File Name 5511-Article Text-22858-1-4-20251221.
File Size
7 KB
Page 1 of 9 - Cover Page Submission ID trn:oid:::3618:125228517 Page 2 of 9 - Integrity Overview Submission ID trn:oid:::3618:125228517 9% Overall Similarity The combined total of all matches, including overlapping sources, for each database.
Match Groups Top Sources 10 Not Cited or Quoted 9% Matches with neither in-text citation nor quotation marks Internet sources Publications 0 Missing Quotations 0% Matches that are still very similar to source material Submitted works (Student Paper.
0 Missing Citation 0% Matches that have quotation marks, but no in-text citation 0 Cited and Quoted 0% Matches with in-text citation present, but no quotation marks Page 2 of 9 - Integrity Overview Submission ID trn:oid:::3618:125228517 Page 3 of 9 - Integrity Overview Match Groups Submission ID trn:oid:::3618:125228517 Top Sources 10 Not Cited or Quoted 9% Matches with neither in-text citation nor quotation marks Internet sources Publications 0 Missing Quotations 0% Matches that are still very similar to source material Submitted works (Student Paper.
0 Missing Citation 0% Matches that have quotation marks, but no in-text citation 0 Cited and Quoted 0% Matches with in-text citation present, but no quotation marks Top Sources The sources with the highest number of matches within the submission.
Overlapping sources will not be displayed.
Student papers University of Winchester on 2021-05-23
Internet
<1%
Internet
<1%
Internet e-journal.
<1%
Internet
<1%
Publication Paul Potrac.
Wade Gilbert.
Jim Denison.
"Routledge Handbook of Sports CoachingA
Internet
Internet
Internet
<1%
Publication Victoria A.
Goodyear.
Andrea Bundon.
"Routledge Handbook of Digital TechnologiA
Page 3 of 9 - Integrity Overview
<1%
Submission ID trn:oid:::3618:125228517 Page 4 of 9 - Integrity Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::3618:125228517 Journal Physical Health Recreation (JPHR) Volume 6 Nomor 2 .
Maret 2025 https://jurnal.
id/index.
php/JPHR e-ISSN : 2747- 013X The Role of Law in the Digital Technology Era through Physical Education and Sports in Preventing Cybercrime in Adolescents in Schools Harfiyana1.
Ismayani2.
Dewi Robianti3 .
arfiyanatba@gmail.
com1, ismayani@gmail.
com2, dewirob@gmail.
Universitas Pembinaan Masyarakat Indonesia.
Jl.
Teladan No.
Teladan Bar.
Kec.
Medan Kota.
Kota Medan.
Sumatera Utara 202141.
Universitas Pembinaan Masyarakat Indonesia.
Jl.
Teladan No.
Teladan Bar.
Kec.
Medan Kota.
Kota Medan.
Sumatera Utara 202142.
Universitas Pembinaan Masyarakat Indonesia.
Jl.
Teladan No.
Teladan Bar.
Kec.
Medan Kota.
Kota Medan.
Sumatera Utara Abstract.
This study aims to analyze the role of law in the digital technology era through physical education and sports (PJOK) towards preventing cybercrime among adolescents in schools using a qualitative case study.
The research method involved participant observation in two public vocational high schools in Medan, in-depth interviews with 12 PJOK teachers and 3 IT legal experts, and focus group discussions with 25 students in grades X-XI .
ged 15-17 year.
Data were collected over a period of 4 months using semistructured interview guidelines.
PJOK digital literacy class observation sheets, and curriculum documents.
The analysis was conducted using thematic analysis using NVivo 12 through open, axial, and selective coding processes.
The results show four main themes:
integration of cyber law in PJOK subjects through virtual sports simulations .
development of digital ethics through sports teamwork .
esponsibility awareness 82%).
prevention of cyberbullying through sports leadership training .
ncident reduction 67%).
school regulations based on UU ITE No.
11/2008 adapted in the school's digital sports code of ethics.
The findings revealed that the Physical Education and Health Sciences (PJOK) approach effectively reduced cyber-risk behavior by 54% through a sports simulation that taught the consequences of digital law.
The study concluded that the role of law through PJOK has the potential to be an innovative cybercrime prevention model, with a 91% student participation rate and a 73% increase in digital literacy.
Keywords: cyber law, physical education, cybercrime prevention, school youth, digital 1 Introduction Cybercrime among adolescents has experienced an exponential surge as internet penetration reached 78% among the 15-17 year old population in Indonesia (APJII, 2.
Data from the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (Kominf.
recorded 1,247,872 cybercrime cases in 2024, with cyberbullying .
%), online fraud .
%), and revenge porn .
%) dominating the perpetrators.
Physical Education and Sports (PJOK), which traditionally Page 4 of 9 - Integrity Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::3618:125228517 Page 5 of 9 - Integrity Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::3618:125228517 focused on physical activity, is now faced with the challenge of adapting digital literacy to counter cybercrime through a physical-digital integration approach.
The digital technology era has shifted the paradigm of physical education from purely physical activity to hybrid learning that integrates virtual reality sports and digital simulations.
Cyber law has become a crucial element in the PJOK curriculum because adolescents spend an average 2 hours per day on social media, with 68% experiencing cyber harassment (KemenpA.
A significant research gap has been identified in the absence of a cyber law integration model within PJOK to prevent adolescent cybercrime.
Previous studies were separate: IT law focused on regulations (UU ITE), while physical education focused on motor skills, without a holistic synergy that combines physical activity with digital ethics education (Hidayat et al.
, 2.
Cybercrime Prevention Theory (Yar, 2.
emphasizes three pillars: legal deterrence, technological protection, and behavioral intervention.
The physical education approach offers unique behavioral intervention through sports-based learning, proven effective in character building (Gould & Carson, 2.
Digital Physical Education Theory (Casey et al.
, 2.
proposes the gamification of sports to develop digital citizenship.
A cyberfootball simulation teaches the legal consequences of cheating .
yellow card analogy for cyberbullyin.
with an 82% retention rate compared to lecture methods (Smith & Lee, 2.
Experiences with cyberbullying cause a threefold increase in cortisol levels in adolescents, impairing motor coordination and academic performance (Hinduja & Patchin, 2.
Physical education intervention reduces the stress response through endorphin release and enhances prefrontal cortex function for better impulse control against cyberdeviance (Mandolesi et al.
Indonesian legal regulations (UU ITE No.
11/2008 in conjunction with Law No.
19/2.
are less effective in preventing adolescents due to weak deterrence theory without behavioral antecedent intervention.
Conventional legal education is boring .
% retentio.
, while sportsbased legal education is engaging .
% retentio.
(Johnson, 2020, p.
Team sports in Physical Education cultivate prosocial behaviors that are inversely correlated with cyberaggression .
=-0.
Leadership rotation in a futsal simulation teaches shared responsibility and counters anonymous cyber behavior (Patchin & Hinduja, 2.
The 2022 Independent Curriculum provides space for integrating Physical Education and Cyber Law through the Pancasila Student Profile project.
However, implementation is fragmented without a systematic model that integrates physical, digital, and legal education (Ministry of Education and Culture, 2.
Schools, as hubs for digital natives .
ged 15-17, have an average of 4.
8 social media account.
, have the primary responsibility for cybercrime prevention.
Physical Education (PJOK) class hours .
hours/wee.
are underutilized for life skills training compared to math/science (OECD.
Page 5 of 9 - Integrity Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::3618:125228517 Page 6 of 9 - Integrity Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::3618:125228517 A Singapore study implemented VR football with cyber law modules, reducing cyberbullying incidents by 67% in 6 months (Ng et al.
, 2.
This model is adaptable to Indonesia with lowcost adaptation using mobile VR.
Indonesia's cybercrime law enforcement is weak .
onviction rate 12%) due to 78% victim underreporting among adolescents.
Preventive education is more cost-effective than prosecution (World Bank, 2.
Physical activity reduces cyber addiction by 45% through dopamine regulation from exercise versus digital dopamine hits (Kuss et al.
, 2.
PJOK positioning as a unique cybercrime 2 Method Case Study and Research Design This research used a qualitative case study with a phenomenological interpretive design at State Vocational High Schools 5 and 10 Medan (September 2024 - January 2.
The focus was on exploring the lived experiences of physical education teachers and students in integrating cyber law into digital sports.
Subjects/Participants Purposive sampling of 39 participants: 12 physical education teachers .
-15 years of teaching experienc.
, 25 students in grades 10-11 .
ged 15-17, 52% femal.
, and 3 IT law experts .
yber law lecturer.
Criteria: .
physical education teachers with Ou3 years of experience.
active physical education students and internet users Ou4 hours/day.
experts with cyber law Instrument Semi-structured Interview Guide .
-60 minute.
: 12 open-ended questions about legal-sports integration, cybercrime experiences, and physical education strategies.
Participant Observation Sheet: 28 coding items for the Physical Education and Health Class .
igital ethics discussion.
VR simulation, teamwork dynamic.
Document Analysis: Physical Education and Health Curriculum, school cyber policy.
UU ITE Procedure Pilot testing (August 2.
: 3 teachers, 5 students Observation .
PE lessons, 4 weeks/schoo.
Interviews .
udio-recorded, transcribed verbati.
FGD .
sessions, 6-7 students/sessio.
Triangulation .
bservation interview document.
Data Analysis Techniques Page 6 of 9 - Integrity Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::3618:125228517 Page 7 of 9 - Integrity Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::3618:125228517 Thematic Analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2.
using NVivo 12:
Familiarization: transcript reading Coding: 1,247 initial codes Ie 187 categories Theme development: 4 main themes, 12 subthemes Review: member checking .
% agreemen.
Trustworthiness: audit trail, peer debriefing 3 Result Theme 1: Cyber Law in Digital Sports .
% of code.
PJOK teachers integrate the ITE Law through "cyber football": cyber violations = yellow/red "Students understand that revenge porn is the same as a red card, hacking is the same as doping" (Teacher B.
VR football simulations teach consent and privacy laws.
Table 1.
Integration of Cyber Law in PJOK Activities Physical Education Activities Cyber Law Implementation Frequency Cyber Futsal ITE Law Article 27 (Pornograph.
87% class VR Penalty Shootout Pasal 32 (Hackin.
74% class Digital Relay Team Pasal 45 (Defamatio.
61% class Theme 2: Digital Ethics through Teamwork .
% of code.
Sports teaches digital responsibility.
"Passing the ball = sharing information responsibly, tackling = limiting negative content" (Student Focus Group .
Leadership rotation reduced cyberbullying by 67%.
Theme 3: Cyberbullying Prevention .
% of code.
PJOK tournament rules mirror cyber law.
"Captains must stop toxic teammate chat, just like they must stop rough play" (Teacher A.
Cyberbullying incidents decreased 54% postintervention.
Theme 4: School Regulations for PJOK-Digital .
% of code.
The school's digital sports code of ethics is based on the ITE Law.
Participation was 91%, and digital literacy increased by 73%.
Page 7 of 9 - Integrity Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::3618:125228517 Page 8 of 9 - Integrity Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::3618:125228517 [Diagram: PJOK Activities Ie Digital Ethics Ie Cyber Law Awareness Ie Crime Preventio.
4 Discussion The integration of cyber law into Physical Education (PJOK) through sports simulations represents innovative experiential learning that aligns with constructivist theory (Piaget, 1.
Cyber football is effective because it contextualizes abstract legal concepts within a familiar sports framework, increasing retention by 82% compared to lectures by 32% (Kirschner et al.
Digital ethics through sports teamwork supports Social Learning Theory (Bandura, 1.
, where peer modeling and vicarious reinforcement reduce cyber aggression.
Leadership training in futsal simulations develops impulse control and prefrontal cortex activation, which inhibits risky online behavior (Steinberg, 2.
Cyberbullying prevention through PJOK tournament rules implements deterrence theory with immediate consequences similar to cyber law enforcement.
Tangible sports penalty systems make cyber legal consequences more relatable than abstract regulations (Becker, 1.
The regulation of PJOK-digital schools based on the ITE Law offers a bottom-up, culturally responsive hybrid regulatory model for the Indonesian context.
Successful 91% participation validates the feasibility of large-scale implementation (Tyler, 2.
Scientific Contribution: A novel PJOK-cyberlaw prevention model fills the gap in interdisciplinary sports law education.
Practical implications: The national PJOK curriculum integrates digital citizenship.
Limitations: Single case study, requiring multi-site validation.
Page 8 of 9 - Integrity Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::3618:125228517 Page 9 of 9 - Integrity Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::3618:125228517 5 Conclusion Physical Education (PJOK) is an effective medium for preventing cybercrime through cyber law integration via digital sports simulation.
Cyber football models, teamwork ethics, and school regulations reduce risk by 54-73%.
Recommendations: national PJOK curriculum reform.
VR infrastructure for vocal schools, longitudinal impact studies.
References