MIDWIFERY AND NURSING RESEARCH (MANR) JOURNAL Vol.
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e-ISSN: 2685-2012 Effectiveness of Automated External Defibrillator Drones for Handling Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA): Literature Review Nurhayati.
Ria Roswita.
Email : lucyavarisha10@gmail.
ABSTRACT
Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.
Out-ofhospital cardiac arrest or OHCA represents a significant burden of disease globally.
The number of out-ofhospital cardiac arrests reaches 360,000 events every year.
Treatment for cardiac arrest requires immediate defibrillation to increase the survival rate of OHCA patients.
One method that can be used is by sending Automated External Defibrillator Drone using drones.
It is hoped that sending and using AEDs via drones can increase the rate of AED application and reduce defibrillation time.
Methods: This study is a literature review which that aims to determine the effectiveness of AED drones for treating out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).
This literature review analyzes 10 articles originating from journal databases, namely Google Scholar.
Pubmed, and Science Direct with the keywords "Drone AED", "EMS".
And AuOut-Of-Hospital Cardiac ArrestAy.
Results: The results of the analysis show that AEDs delivered with an Unnamed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) system using drones can reduce the time for administering defibrillation immediately before health workers Success in treating OHCA and a higher chance of life, as well as AED delivery by drone can also save costs.
to send an EMS ambulance Conclusion: Based on the results of the analysis of several articles, it was concluded that AED drones were effective in delivering AEDs in cases of Out-Of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) which occurred in remote areas or far from public locations.
AEDs delivered using an Unnamed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) system using drones can reduce the time to provide defibrillation immediately before health workers arrive, resulting in success in treating OHCA and a higher chance of life.
AED delivery by drone can also save the costs required to send an EMS ambulance.
However, there are several obstacles that can be found from several articles, namely that sending AEDs requires a flight permit from the government, the design of drones for AEDs must be appropriate, and in bad weather sending AEDs by drone can be hampered.
Therefore, further research needs to be carried out to provide a solution for sending AED drones during extreme Keyword : Drone AED.
EMS.
Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest 1Department of Midwifery.
Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang.
Indonesia Jl.
Tirto Agung Pedalangan Banyumanik.
Semarang.
Jawa Tengah.
Indonesia 2,3Department of Nursing.
Poltekkes Kemenkes Surakarta.
Indonesia Jl.
Letjen Sutoyo.
Mojosongo.
Kec.
Jebres.
Kota Surakarta.
Jawa Tengah.
Indonesia Received: September 22, 2024.
Revised: September 28, 2024.
Accepted: September 29, 2024 Background.
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is one of the leading causes of death Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest or OHCA imposes a significant burden of disease globally (Choi et al.
, 2021.
MacKle et al.
, 2.
The number of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests reaches 360,000 events every year.
Based on data from the Ministry of Health's Yankes.
OHCA is 15% of the causes of death (Ministry of Health, 2.
Rapid out-of-hospital cardiac arrest treatment can increase the survival of OHCA patients (Mottlau et al.
, 2.
Treatment for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest or OHCA is currently provided with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by lay individuals and only 2% use an automatic external defibrillator (AED) (Benson et al.
Based AHA recommendation, immediate defibrillation should be treated for cardiac arrest in order to increase the survival rate of OHCA patients.
OHCA occurs quickly and surprisingly, the chances of survival are reduced by 10% every minute without defibrillation (Schierbeck et al.
MIDWIFERY AND NURSING RESEARCH (MANR) JOURNAL Vol.
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e-ISSN: 2685-2012 Currently, defibrillators (AED) are provided through the public access defibrillation (PAD) program in several public places (Tindale et al.
, 2.
Public access defibrillation (PAD) helps someone who sees a cardiac arrest to provide immediate defibrillation before medical personnel arrive, but the PAD program has limitations when the OHCA event occurs in a private home or not in a public place (Lim et al.
Optimizing the use of AEDs in PAD programs for treating cardiac arrest in private homes can be done by increasing delivery times and increasing AEDs at the location where OHCA occurs.
One method that can be used is by sending AEDs using drones.
Delivery and use of AEDs via drones is expected to increase the rate of AED application and reduce defibrillation time.
(Lim et al.
, 2022 .
Tierney, 2.
Drones are small aircraft that can be operated remotely without a human crew (Roberts et al.
, 2.
The development of drone technology has increased its capabilities and expanded its use from the military field to other fields (Apiratwarakul et al.
, 2.
The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV.
or drones to deliver life-saving medical devices as AEDs has become a growing area of interest over the past few years.
(Schierbeck et al.
Drones can help people helping OHCA patients to provide immediate defibrillation before medical personnel arrive and minimize the time the rescuer has to find the location of the PAD.
Delivery of AEDs using drones is very helpful in handling OHCA during this period, but it is necessary to review the role of AED drones in OHCA events that occur in locations far from PAD access (Hanna et al.
, 2.
Based on the above phenomenon, the author wants to conduct a literature review regarding the effectiveness of AED drones in treating out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).
It is hoped that the results of this literature review can become a reference for evidencebased interventions that have been carried out.
The aim of this literature review is to identify research articles related to the effectiveness of drone AEDs in treating out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).
Methods.
This literature review uses an article search method in electronic databases, namely Google Scholar.
Pubmed and Science Direct, which produces 10 articles.
The inclusion criteria used in this literature review were articles published from 2020-2022, full paper, unpaid, articles in English, with the keywords "Drone AED", "EMS" and "Out-of Hospital Cardiac Arrest".
Result and Discussion.
Table 1.
Summary of Article Analysis Author Year Methode Sample Result Joseph Chun Liang Lim, et Systema 26 article Jessica K, et all Experim Design Roper.
Fischer.
Baumga Thies,Ka Flera.
Experim
Sofia
Schierbe ck, et all Experim
Cases Drone
delivery of AEDs in a t is faster
than EMS
n time and OHCA
The role of drones in AED
the use of AEDs
OHCA
Sending AEDs using (UAS)/dron e method can reduce n time and save costs in the event of OHCA Of the 14 of having OHCA, 11 y achieved MIDWIFERY AND NURSING RESEARCH (MANR) JOURNAL Vol.
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poltekkes-smg.
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php/MANR p-ISSN: 2685-2020 .
e-ISSN: 2685-2012 Sedig.
Seaton Drennan Chesk Dai Jan Bauer.
Dieter Moorma
Reinhar
Stramet
David
Gronebe Qualitati Experim
Schierbe ck, et all Retrosp
39,246
Clement Derkenn e, et all Experim Maria I.
Mermiri.
Georgio s A.
Mavrovo
Ioannis Pantazo
Sheldon
Cheskes , et all Literatur
Review
Experim
2 Rural
AED drone
The use of AED
drones is effective in OHCA
OHCA
with AEDs Aerial network in the form of drones is more cost Delivery of AEDs using drones for OHCA minutes so it can save In this study OHCA AEDs before BLSt in a densely Delivery of AEDs using drones at OHCA has shown Delivery of AED drones to OHCA speeds up and time to OHCA Search results from several articles that have been researched state that sending AEDs using drones to OHCA locations, especially in remote areas or far from public access, can help speed up response time and reduce fibrillation time to improve OHCA results.
This is in accordance with Jesicca K et al's research on delivering AEDs via drone at simulated cardiac arrest locations.
Jesicca's research states that several rescuers can continue to carry out cardiopulmonary resuscitation during AED delivery by drone (Zygre-Hemsey et al.
Scholz et al.
, 2.
so that victims can resuscitation and rescuers do not need to stop CPR when looking for a drone.
Jan Bauer's research in Germany also explains positive things about the use of AEDs delivered using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in the form of drones, which can reduce costs calculated by financial ratios for additional needs compared to the EMS currently used (Bauer et al.
, 2021.
Scholz et al.
This is supported by Maria et al's research which states that delivering AEDs using certain types of drones can reduce delivery and defibrillation times compared to sending an EMS system so far (Mermiri et al.
In Maria's research, she explained that there are several shortcomings in using drones, such as each country has its own policies regarding the use of drones, the need for drone operator experience and the cost of designing and modifying drones that can carry AEDs is still high (Mermiri et al.
, 2020.
Derkenne et al.
, 2.
Similar Schierbeck using geographic analysis (GIS) found that sending AEDs using drones saved 8 minutes compared to ambulance response times to densely populated areas of OHCA patients (Schierbeck et al.
, 2.
The UK has a standard that treatment of OHCA patients must be given the first defibrillation in less than 8 minutes for the OHCA patient's chance of survival, while the ambulance can arrive in 1520 minutes to the OHCA location.
So delivering AEDs using drones can save time and increase the chances of survival in OHCA patients (Schierbeck et al.
, 2021.
Tierney, 2.
The obstacle in the research conducted by Schierbeck is that the flight zone boundaries for unnamed aerial vehicles (UAV) in the form of drones need to be agreed with the government (Masuda et al.
Dong Sun Choi's research comparing the delivery of AEDs via UAV in the form of drones and EMS ambulances seen from the topography of the OHCA area states that if the weather is MIDWIFERY AND NURSING RESEARCH (MANR) JOURNAL Vol.
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e-ISSN: 2685-2012 extreme, there are many tall buildings and References densely populated areas at the OHCA location, the time required for the OHCA ambulance to Apiratwarakul.
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Moormann.
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Groneberg.
Development of UAV-AED will be sent immediately when a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks cardiac arrest is detected.
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, 2021.
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et al.
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5 km taking 2 external defibrillators in relation to schools However.
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Shin.
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Cho.
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et al.
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