MIDWIFERY AND NURSING RESEARCH (MANR) JOURNAL Volume 5 Issue 2 Year 2023 http://ejournal.
poltekkes-smg.
id/ojs/index.
php/MANR p-ISSN: 2685-2020 .
e-ISSN: 2685-2012 Java Chilli Compress (Piper Retrofractu.
Is Effective Against Pain Scale In Elderly People With Rheumatoid Arthritis Amirul Kadafi.
Dian Apri Nelyanti.
Della Indriyana Yuliana.
Email : Wandhy.
Kadafi2@gmail.
ABSTRACT
Background: A health problem often faced by the elderly is rheumatoid arthritis.
This disease greatly inhibits a person from carrying out daily activities.
Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the common health problems among the elderly and is included in non-communicable diseases that are often experienced by the elderly.
The elderly who experiences rheumatoid arthritis experience symptoms of joint pain, aches or tingling, inflammation, joint stiffness in the morning, and joint movement obstacles, which usually often occur in the joints of the hands, elbows, feet, ankles and knees.
This can continue continuously and the longer the complaint feels heavier.
The onset of pain makes sufferers often afraid to move, because of the pain, activity will be limited.
The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of using Javanese chilli compresses on pain scales in elderly people with rheumatoid arthritis.
Methods: Quasy experiment with control group design.
In the control group, the respondents were given a mixture of crushed Javanese chili with 5 grams of dried chili, which was administered twice in the morning and evening for one week.
Total sampling technique.
Sample of 32 respondents, using observation sheets and NRS (Numeric Rating scal.
pain rating scale.
The Independent Test t-test was used to determine the mean difference between the intervention group and the control group.
Results: This study showed that the intervention group averaged a pain scale of 3.
25 while the control group averaged a pain scale of 6.
The results of the Independent Test t-Test obtained p values of 000 O 0.
Conclusion: Java chilli compress is effective for reducing pain scale in elderly people with rheumatoid Keywords: Java Chili Compress.
Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Pain Scale.
1,2,3 Dharma Husada Nursing Academy Cirebon Received: September 15, 2023.
Revised: September 29, 2023.
Accepted: September 30, 2023 Background: In the elderly, a person's ability and physique will decline and begin with various changes that occur in life, and are characterized by biological deterioration, physical such as reduced vision and hearing, easily tired and attacked by various diseases including hypertension, gout, rheumatism, and other diseases.
Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the common health problems among the elderly and is included in non-communicable diseases that often attack the elderly (Yolanda and Febriyanti, 2.
This disease is an autoimmune response disorder, where a person's immune system can be disrupted which destroys joint organs and linings, especially in the hands, feet, and knees (Nurfitriani and Fatmawati, 2.
The results of Basic Health Research (Riskesda.
in 2013 showed that the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis joint disease as much as 11.
9% of the total population then decreased in the results of Basic Health Research (Riskesda.
in 2018 to 3% of the total population.
Rheumatoid arthritis sufferers by group type tend to occur in women, with a prevalence of 34%.
Rheumatoid arthritis can affect any age, but compared to young people or children, rheumatoid arthritis is more often experienced in old age.
This can happen because the body changes with age, therefore rheumatoid MIDWIFERY AND NURSING RESEARCH (MANR) JOURNAL Volume 5 Issue 2 Year 2023 http://ejournal.
poltekkes-smg.
id/ojs/index.
php/MANR p-ISSN: 2685-2020 .
e-ISSN: 2685-2012 arthritis in the elderly usually attacks more women than men (Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
The number of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Indonesia has decreased but the level of awareness and misunderstanding about rheumatoid arthritis is Most Indonesian underestimate this disease because it seems to cause no death even though the problems caused greatly inhibit a person from carrying out daily activities.
A person who has rheumatoid arthritis experiences symptoms of joint pain, aches or tingling, inflammation, joint stiffness in the morning, and joint movement obstacles, usually often occurring in the joints of the hands, elbows, feet, ankles, and knees.
This can continue continuously and the longer the complaint feels heavier.
The onset of pain makes sufferers often afraid to move, because of the pain, activity will be limited (Sari and Masruroh, 2.
The impact of rheumatoid arthritis disease can cause problems and disruptions of comfort and limitations that are visible in mobility to the most feared thing that causes disability and disruption of daily living activities (Sangrah, 2.
When pain and not treated immediately, it will have an impact on bone loss and joint pain.
If left longer it will cause adhesions or contractures, joints in the body will become stiff, movement is limited, meiosis occurs in muscles, namely the process of granulation of muscle tissue, unstable conditions, if the road will increase the risk of falling, progressive .
and destructive joint deformities, will cause bone damage and even attack organs that cause loss of ability to function normally and even death early if not treated immediately (Yolanda and Febriyanti, 2.
This research offered a new, more affordable alternative to pharmacological therapy for managing pain caused by arthritis, which had been commonly used until now.
Recommendations for pain management in the elderly according to World Health Organization is a conservative and gradual treatment that aims to reduce perceived side effects (Maqbool et al.
, 2.
Patients in managing pain, reducing the occurrence of joint damage, and improving or maintaining the quality of life of sufferers.
Effective pain management given to patients, especially the elderly, is by providing non-pharmacological therapy (Octa and Febrina, 2.
Some actions that can be taken to help clients relieve or reduce pain and increase comfort are using distraction techniques, relaxation .
fflurange massag.
, guided imagery, deep progressive muscle relaxation techniques, finger grip relaxation, and compresses.
Natural ingredients such as traditional spices compresses using warm water, ginger decoction compresses, lemongrass decoction compresses.
Javanese chillies and others can minimize side effects and the risk of Java chilli or piper retrofractum is one of the nine leading plants (Sibyandhita Erhaa Amalia, 2.
Components contained in Javanese chilli such as polyphenols, piperine, flavonoids and essential oils that can provide pharmacological treatment effects include antimicrobial, antibacterial, antidiabetic and .
ndrogenic development and activity of male reproductive In addition.
Javanese chilli .
iper retrofractu.
has many benefits as a spice plant that can be used as a spice in dishes and drinks to get a distinctive spicy and warm In Javanese, chilli is useful as an antipyretic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic activity found in the content of piperine (Syafitri, 2.
The essential oil on the Java chilli plant .
iper retrofractu.
is efficacious in reducing heat, making sleep sound and anti-inflammatory.
The spicy taste of Javanese chillies that warm also improves blood circulation.
The spicy and hot taste will work directly to the central nerve where it will cause endorphin secretion which will result in vasodilation (Rivai et al.
The occurrence of vasodilation can increase blood flow to the joints and block the transmission of pain MIDWIFERY AND NURSING RESEARCH (MANR) JOURNAL Volume 5 Issue 2 Year 2023 http://ejournal.
poltekkes-smg.
id/ojs/index.
php/MANR p-ISSN: 2685-2020 .
e-ISSN: 2685-2012 stimuli to reduce pain in the joints (Yuliatmoko and Febria, 2.
Method.
This study is a quantitative study with an experimental Quasy design with a pretest-posttest meaning that the samples in this study were divided into two groups then observed first then after treatment was given to the intervention group then all samples were observed again (Sumantri, 2015.
Nursalam.
The population in this study is based on a preliminary study, namely all rheumatoid arthritis sufferers in the working area of the Kalitanjung Health Center in Cirebon City totalling 32 people, sampling using probability sampling techniques of total sampling type, meaning sampling techniques where the number of samples is equal to the number of population (Nursalam, 2.
In each group, there were 16 people in the control group and 16 people in the intervention group.
In the control group, the respondents were given a mixture of crushed Javanese chili with 5 grams of dried chili, which was administered twice in the morning and evening for one To identify the level of pain in the respondents, the researcher used the McGill Pain Questionnaire.
Before this study took place, the researcher had first fulfilled all the ethical clearance requirements that were needed no: HK.
098/i/EC/2023.
Result and Discussion Table 1.
Characteristics of respondents by Age 45-59 th 60-74 th Total Table 2.
Characteristics of respondents by gender Gender Man Woman Total Table 3.
Characteristics of respondents by education level Education Junior High School
High School
College Total
Table Measure Mean
Min-Max
Pretest
6,25
1,807
Postest
3,25
1,525
Results measurement in the intervention Variable Rheumatoid Arthritis Pain pValue 0,000 Statistical data on the results of pain scale measurements in the intervention group obtained mean values and standard deviations before treatment .
25A1.
while after treatment mean values and standard deviations .
25A1.
with p-values of 0.
O 0.
This means that there is an average difference between the measurement results before and after applying the intervention group Javanese chilli compress in elderly people with rheumatoid arthritis.
The content of Javanese chilli contains atsiri oil and piperine, so it is very good for making Java cardiovascular effects, anti-amoeba, antimicrobial, anti-fungal, anti-diabetic, antirheumatism, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgetic, effects on the respiratory tract and preventive on the liver.
The content of piperine compounds as anti-inflammatory activity is through inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme work, especially COX-2 by inhibiting the enzyme activity of COX-2 to reduce prostaglandins that can reduce pain inflammation (Wulandari, 2.
In line with research that has been done by previous researchers who said that giving warm compresses using red ginger can relieve the scale of pain in patients with gout arthritis (Astutik, 2.
MIDWIFERY AND NURSING RESEARCH (MANR) JOURNAL Volume 5 Issue 2 Year 2023 http://ejournal.
poltekkes-smg.
id/ojs/index.
php/MANR p-ISSN: 2685-2020 .
e-ISSN: 2685-2012 Table Results measurement in the control group O 0.
05 so that Ha was accepted, and Ho was This means that it can be concluded Min- pthat there is effectiveness in the use of Variable Measurement Mean SD
Max Value Javanese chilli compresses in elderly people Rheumatoid
Pretest
6,44 1,590 4-9
0,708
with rheumatoid arthritis in Kalitanjung.
South
Arthritis Pain
6,31 1,662 4-9
Kanggraksan Village RT.
02 / RW.
Statistical data on the results of pain scale Javanese chilli contains several important measurements in the control group obtained compounds and is used in traditional medicine.
the mean value before observation was Some of the compounds contained in .
44A1.
while after observation obtained Javanese chillies include cavisin, saponins, the mean value .
31A1.
with a p-value of polyphenols, essential oils, palmitic acid, 819 O 0.
This means that there is no tetrahydropeiperic acid, sesamin, piperidine average difference between the results of the and piperine alkaloids.
This is evidenced in two pain scale measurements before and after research producing data on phytochemical the control group in elderly people with components of Java chilli by obtaining data on rheumatoid arthritis.
In the control group, phytochemical content contained in nine respondents were asked to rest and move as samples starting from the highest to lowest The rested body can relieve pain but data does not decrease the pain scale and only flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins experiences a slight decrease in pain because (Wulandari, 2.
The presence of tannins in rest such as sleeping or sitting still without Java chilli fruit extract ranks last, even movement does not stimulate the release of showing relatively negative results.
Piperine is These endorphins function to useful as an anti-pyretic, antioxidant, antiprovide an analgesic effect by blocking the inflammatory and anti-rheumatic activity process of releasing prostaglandin substances (Masruroh, 2.
The content of piperine in from sensory neurons so that the process of Java chilli which is about 2% functions as an transmitting pain impulses becomes inhibited antioxidant with a mechanism of protecting and pain sensation is reduced (Sari and cells from cancer by binding to proteins in Masruroh, 2.
mitochondria to trigger apoptosis without harming normal cells through increased Table 6.
Analysis of the use of Javanese activity of antioxidant enzymes such as chilli compresses changes in superoxide pain scales in elderly people with glutathione peroxidase (Wulandari, 2.
rheumatoid arthritis.
The effect of essential oil content on Group Javanese chillies that are efficacious in Measure Intervention Control Variabel Mean p-Value warming can also improve blood circulation.
Mean rank
The spicy and hot taste will work directly to the Rheumatoid
central nerve where it causes endorphin
Postest
3,25
6,31
0,000
Arthritis Pain secretion which will lead to vasodilation.
The occurrence of vasodilation can increase blood Analysis of the use of Javanese chilli flow to the joints and block the transmission of compresses on changes in pain scales in pain stimuli to reduce pain in the joints.
elderly people with rheumatoid arthritis is Conclusion and Suggestions.
Based on known to have measured pain scales in the the results of the analysis of the Independent intervention group obtained the mean value Test t-Test obtained significant results with p after treatment was 10.
09 while in the control values of 0.
000 O 0.
05 so it can be said that group, the mean value was obtained after Java chilli compress is effective against pain observation was 22.
91 with a p-value of 0.
scales in elderly rheumatoid arthritis.
The use MIDWIFERY AND NURSING RESEARCH (MANR) JOURNAL Volume 5 Issue 2 Year 2023 http://ejournal.
poltekkes-smg.
id/ojs/index.
php/MANR p-ISSN: 2685-2020 .
e-ISSN: 2685-2012 of Java chilli compress can be used as an alternative therapy for elderly people with pharmacological therapy.
Javanese chilli compresses can also be used as an alternative implementation in nursing as an enhancer of complementary therapies to reduce pain scales in elderly people with rheumatoid arthritis.
References